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Automotive Experiences
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang
ISSN : 26156202     EISSN : 26156636     DOI : 10.31603/ae
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
Automotive experiences invite researchers to contribute ideas on the main scope of Emerging automotive technology and environmental issues; Efficiency (fuel, thermal and mechanical); Vehicle safety and driving comfort; Automotive industry and supporting materials; Vehicle maintenance and technical skills; and Transportation policies, systems, and road users behavior.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Otomotif
Articles 17 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 8 no. 3 (2025)" : 17 Documents clear
Smart and Sustainable Mobility: A Systematic Review of Industry 4.0 Applications in Automotive Sustainability, Alternative Fuels, and EV Charging Systems Wagino Wagino; Mycel A. Capilayan; Muji Setiyo; Volodymyr Tymofiiv; Dwi Sudarno Putra; Dori Yuvenda; Rahmat Desman Koto
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13431

Abstract

This systematic review analyzes the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies in sustainable manufacturing and clean energy technology within the automotive industry, focusing on electric vehicle infrastructure development and renewable energy implementation. Through a comprehensive analysis of 25 selected articles from 200 articles (10 sustainability articles, 12 alternative fuels, and 3 electric vehicle charging stations articles) published between 2018 and 2024, this study employs PRISMA methodology combined with bibliometric content and scientometric analysis. The review reveals significant temporal evolution in research focus, progressing from basic energy efficiency studies (2018-2020) to enhanced Industry 4.0 technology integration (2020-2022), culminating in strong convergence between renewable energy implementation, smart infrastructure development, and circular economy principles (2022-2024). Key findings highlight the critical role of AI, IoT, and blockchain in enabling sustainable manufacturing processes and smart grid integration for EV infrastructure. Integrating hybrid energy storage systems with clean energy technologies is crucial for addressing energy transition challenges and reducing fossil-fuel dependence. The study identifies research gaps in comprehensive methodological approaches integrating technical innovation, sustainable manufacturing, and climate action considerations, particularly in developing regions. Future research opportunities include machine learning applications for dynamic energy system optimization and innovative business models supporting sustainable technology implementation across various socio-economic contexts. This review contributes to understanding technology integration patterns in sustainable transportation systems. It provides strategic recommendations for researchers, industry practitioners, and policymakers in advancing low-carbon mobility solutions and resilient infrastructure development.
Synthesis of Leaf-spring Suspension Parameters for High-comfort Vehicles Roman O. Maksimov; Mikhail V. Chetverikov; Pavel S. Rubanov; Mirzoodil H. Mavlonov; Mikhail M. Zhileykin; Andrey V. Keller; Sergey S. Shadrin; Daria A. Makarova; Yury M. Furletov
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14029

Abstract

This paper develops the new leaf-spring suspension parameters synthesis methods based on the use of modern mathematical and computer modeling tools to provide vehicle high in-motion comfort. The research aims to develop the new loading characteristics and design parameters synthesis methodology for the vehicle suspension system components, exactly for the elastic element (leaf-spring), the damping element (hydraulic shock absorber) and the transverse stabilizer bar. The authors demonstrate approaches to the use of vehicle dynamics simulation modeling, topological and parametric optimization, and finite element method and explain their role in the new developed vehicle leaf-spring suspension system parameters synthesis methodology. As main results, the authors propose a formation method for a primary suspension system elastic element non-linear loading characteristic to provide for the in-motion vehicle comfort. They develop a synthesis technique for the variable profile longitudinal section geometry of a leaf-spring and its other design parameters to generate the loading characteristic close to the one required for high motion comfort. They also proposed a loading characteristics synthesis for the damping element of the primary suspension with a leaf-spring-type elastic element and selection the most suitable one for a specific vehicle method. The authors also propose a stiffness calculation procedure for a randomly shaped transverse stabilizer bar when selecting its design parameters. As a contribution, based on the comparative virtual tests results of the motion comfort indicators of a vehicle with the loading characteristics generated using the developed methodology for the primary leaf-spring suspension and the initial basic configuration of the classic leaf-spring suspension, it was recorded that the vehicle motion comfort improved by 10-25% when the developed synthesis methodology was used.
Visual Inspection Improvement of Engine Components Using Deep Learning with Pre-processed Dataset Augmentation: Case Study Steven Salim; Sandy Wiratama; Alfan Sarifudin; Eka Prita Yuliatin
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14207

Abstract

Lighting instability, sharp shadows, and visual disturbances caused by mechanical vibrations are significant challenges in the application of computer vision-based visual inspection systems in automotive industrial environments. This study aims to enhance the accuracy and robustness of the YOLOv8 object detection model for detecting machine component completeness by applying an adaptive pre-processing strategy. The techniques employed include grayscale conversion, brightness adjustment, and blurring to simulate common visual conditions encountered in real-world production processes. The model was trained using 1,281 instances from 52 component classes and evaluated based on the metrics of precision, recall, mAP@50, and mAP@50”“95. The results show an average precision of 0.971, a recall of 0.990, and mAP@50 of 0.991, with spatial variation reflected in the standard deviation of mAP@50”“95 of 0.149. The pre-processing technique improves the detection precision of shape-based components by up to 19% and colour-based components by up to 31%. Testing on ten appearance variations showed 100% detection accuracy with no misclassification, indicating the model’s generalizability to data in the training distribution. These findings confirm that visual modification of training data significantly improves the reliability and efficiency of the YOLOv8-based automated inspection system. Further implications include reduced human intervention, accelerated production flow, and optimization of operational energy consumption through faster and more accurate detection. Therefore, this system contributes to energy-efficient and sustainable innovative manufacturing practices.
Development of Battery Pack for Electric Motorcycle Complying with Safety Standard and Indonesia Regulation Robby Dwianto Widyantara; Dito Ata'ul Momin Wicaksono; Syafiq Ade Priyatama; Andika Pandu Nugroho; Raihan Wiradibrata; Anggi Regiana Agustin; Lei Tianqi; Agung Wibowo; Ignatius Pulung Nurprasetio; Bentang Arief Budiman
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13442

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive design methodology and mechanical evaluation of an electric motorcycle battery pack that fulfills both international safety standards and Indonesian regulations. As the country with the world’s largest motorcycle fleet, Indonesia faces significant challenges in transitioning to electric mobility—particularly in preventing battery malfunctions and mitigating accident risks. The design process begins by defining minimum technical requirements, ensuring regulatory compliance, and addressing geometric constraints, then proceed with the development of component architectures in accordance with industry best practices. Detailed models of the pack and its subassemblies are subjected to finite element analysis to verify structural integrity under demanding operational conditions. Key performance targets include an IP68 ingress protection rating, sufficient rigidity to withstand vibrational loads, and impact resistance for accident scenarios. Simulation results confirm that the final design maintains mechanical robustness across a variety of load cases. Building on these findings, the paper offers specific recommendations to further enhance pack performance and safety. The described methodology is fully reproducible and provides practical insights for efficient product development, even when resources are limited.
Comparative Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Matrix Composite Reinforced with Coco Peat and Coconut Shell Charcoal Fillers for Automotive Brake Friction Applications Al Ichlas Imran; Nanang Endriatno; Januar Parlaungan Siregar; Mohd Ruzaimi Mat Rejab; Sambodo Arif Wibowo; Tezara Cionita; Deni Fajar Fitriyana
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14131

Abstract

Developing epoxy-based composites reinforced with natural materials has become a significant concern in supporting friction materials and sustainable automotive industries. Coco peat and coco shell charcoal are coconut wastes that have the potential as natural fillers to support the mechanical properties of friction material composites while supporting the reduction of biomass waste. This study aims to evaluate the effect of weight fraction variation of coco peat and coco shell charcoal on composite mechanical and thermal properties. Specimens were prepared using the hand lay-up method with 5%, 10%, and 15% filler weight fractions. Mechanical tests were conducted, including tensile test, bending test, Rockwell hardness, and Charpy impact. Results show that the addition of 5% coco peat increased the tensile strength to 28.36 MPa and impact strength to 123.33 J/m², while coco shell charcoal at 10% recorded the highest flexural strength of 36.10 MPa and hardness of 93.66 HRB. However, increasing the filler concentration caused a decrease in tensile and impact strength due to the formation of voids, agglomeration, and micro-cracks. These findings confirm that coco peat is effective for tensile and impact strengthening at low fractions. In contrast, coco shell charcoal improves flexural strength and produces higher hardness values than the commercial brake pad product (59.59-66.90 HRB). Furthermore, the composite with 5% coco shell charcoal showed good thermal stability with a final residue value of 3.83%. Further studies can focus on surface modification of fillers, hybrid composites, and evaluation of tribological properties and the environment to promote applications in the automotive industry sector.
A Comparative Study of Winding Angle Configurations for Improved Crashworthiness in Hybrid Al/CFRP Crash Boxes Musthafa Akbar; Dyah Kusuma Dewi
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14280

Abstract

This study investigates the crashworthiness performance of circular hybrid aluminum/carbon fiber reinforced polymer (Al/CFRP) crash boxes under dynamic axial impact, with particular focus on the influence of winding angle configurations. An explicit finite element model, validated against both experimental and numerical results from the literature, was developed using finite element software. The parametric analysis systematically varied CFRP winding angles from [±15°]₅ to [±85°]₅ in 10° increments and compared the outcomes with single and double cell aluminum crash boxes. Key crashworthiness indicators, including peak crushing force (PCF), mean crushing force (MCF), crushing force efficiency (CFE), stroke efficiency, and folding stability, were evaluated. The results reveal that hybridization significantly enhances load bearing capacity compared to conventional aluminum designs. Intermediate winding angles from 35 to 55 degrees yielded the best balance between PCF reduction, MCF enhancement, and stable progressive folding, with the [±45°]₅ configuration achieving the highest MCF and CFE, while [±35°]₅ minimized PCF. In contrast, winding angles greater than or equal to [±65°]₅ generated excessively high PCF, compromising occupant safety. The findings provide actionable insights for the design of hybrid crash boxes, demonstrating that optimized fiber orientation can advance crashworthiness beyond current aluminum or narrow angle hybrid configurations.
Two Decades of Biodiesel Research from Waste Cooking Oil: A Bibliometric and Literature Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts Suherman Suherman; Muharnif Muharnif; Ilmi Abdullah; Arridina Susan Silitonga; Marnida Yusfiani; Wan Azmi Wan Hamzah
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14776

Abstract

Waste cooking oil (WCO) represents an abundant yet underutilised feedstock for biodiesel production, constrained primarily by challenges related to catalyst performance and recyclability. Conventional homogeneous catalysts, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), often suffer from deactivation after several reuse cycles due to leaching and sensitivity to impurities. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts, including calcium oxide (CaO) and biomass-derived materials, offer promising, reusable, and environmentally benign alternatives for WCO-based biodiesel synthesis. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric and literature review examining global research trends in biodiesel production from WCO using heterogeneous catalysts. As environmental concerns and fossil fuel depletion intensify, biodiesel has gained increasing attention as a sustainable and renewable energy substitute. A total of 974 publications indexed in the Scopus database between 2006 and June 2024 were systematically analysed to identify key research trends, influential authors, geographical distribution, and thematic clusters. Data retrieved from the Scopus database were exported in RIS format and subsequently processed using VOSviewer for bibliometric visualisation. Keyword analysis revealed dominant clusters around “WCO biodiesel” and “heterogeneous catalysts”, encompassing research topics such as transesterification, oxidation stability, performance optimisation, and corrosion behaviour. The bibliometric mapping highlights strong interconnections among research themes, particularly those associated with catalysts, transesterification mechanisms, engine performance, and emission reduction. The literature review further evaluates various types of heterogeneous catalysts including CaO, biochar, and metal- and biomass-based catalysts focusing on their synthesis routes, physicochemical properties, and optimal operating conditions. Research productivity on WCO biodiesel peaked during 2020”“2021 but declined after 2022, suggesting research saturation or shifting interest toward emerging renewable technologies. Co-country analysis identified India and Malaysia as leading contributors, while Tabatabaei et al. and Bae et al. were the most prolific authors. This study offers a holistic overview of research progress and future directions, providing valuable insights for advancing cleaner, more efficient, and sustainable biodiesel production technologies.
Experimental Analysis of a Hybrid-Configured Battery Thermal Management System Using Paraffin Oil and Fan Muhammad Firdaus Jauhari; Sairaji Sairaji; Ary Hewu Hawino; Zaky Abdillah; Bambang Sudarmanta; Mohammad Khoirul Effendi; Kristian Ismail
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13403

Abstract

The study investigates the effectiveness of a Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) using a hybrid configuration of paraffin oil and fan cooling. The research employs a comparative test method to evaluate the BTMS's potential in managing the thermal conditions of lithium-ion batteries, commonly used in electric vehicles. The study is conducted under three configurations: hybrid cooling with paraffin oil and fan, passive cooling with paraffin oil, and no cooling system. The ambient and liquid temperatures are measured, alongside battery voltage changes over a 60-minute period. The results indicate that the hybrid cooling system effectively maintains lower battery temperatures compared to passive and no cooling systems. Specifically, the hybrid system achieves an average ambient temperature of 33.344°C and a paraffin oil temperature of 32.982°C, demonstrating its superior cooling capability. The study concludes that the hybrid BTMS can significantly enhance battery performance and longevity by maintaining optimal temperature conditions, thus offering a viable solution for improving the efficiency and safety of electric vehicle batteries. This research has implications for the development of more effective thermal management systems in electric vehicles, potentially leading to increased adoption and improved sustainability in the automotive industry.
The Effect of Perpendicular Lamp Position on Normal Plane Alignment for Light Distribution and Coverage in Adaptive Headlamps During Complex Driving Scenarios Ian Hardianto Siahaan; I Nyoman Sutantra; I Made Londen Batan
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14602

Abstract

Due to decreased visibility and an increased chance of accidents, driving at night requires increased vigilance. Drivers must be equipped to handle various road and terrain conditions, such as declines, inclines, turns, straight paths, and combinations. Following the law and ethical driving standards is crucial in these circumstances. Inadequate street illumination, poor lighting, and inexperienced drivers are all common causes of accidents. The risks increase at night when little ambient lighting reduces visibility. This study investigates the distribution of light intensity and illumination radius via a factorial design derived from headlamp activation configuration scenarios, simulated in MATLAB software, and validated using experimental test results. The results show that driver focus and vision range improve dramatically, particularly when the lights are triggered on flat roads, during turns, climbs, and combinations of these actions, by the New ADHL's headlamp activation configuration. Simulation-based activation of main and auxiliary light configurations shows that the New ADHL outperforms traditional headlamps, effectively addressing insufficient illumination to prevent nighttime accidents and providing a coverage radius of more than 3.5 m at the lowest intensity detectable by the driver.
Influence of Driver-Steering Wheel Distance on Multi-Body-Region Injury Outcomes in Frontal Crashes Using Finite Element Analysis Polpity Arachchige Kavishanka Priyabasan Indrajith; Muhammad Zahir Hassan; Juffrizal Karjanto
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14619

Abstract

The objective of this paper was to investigate the influence of driver seating distance on injury outcome. The study employed controlled finite element analysis using a virtual dummy and a mid-sized sedan to examine the isolated effect of driver seating distance on injury severity. Three simulations were conducted by varying the seating distance from the closest position to the farthest position (corresponding horizontal positions from chest to steering distances 308 mm, 358 mm, and 408 mm, respectively), while maintaining an identical frontal crash into a rigid wall. Injury severity was analyzed using established biomechanical injury criteria, including Head Injury Criterion (HIC15) for head trauma, maximum rib deflection (Rmax) and Principal Component score for chest injury, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and acetabulum forces for pelvic injury, and Tibia Index for lower extremity injury. The simulation results revealed that the driver's seating distance influenced the selected body regions in a distinct pattern. Contrary to the conventional assumption, the intermediate position produced the highest head injury risk (HIC15 = 824.5), compared to the closed position (HIC15 = 693.4) and the farthest position (HIC15 = 749.9). In the chest, the closest position (Rmax = 87.2mm) contributed 6.6% higher rib deflection than the farthest position (Rmax = 81.8mm). Conversely, pelvic loading (ASIS force) increased by 9.1% with increased seating distance (from the closest to the farthest position). Lower extremity injury risk was highest in the closest position due to early knee-dashboard contact. These results indicate that the distance between the driver and the steering wheel affects the injury risk to the occupant in a distinct manner rather than uniformly increasing or decreasing overall injury severity. The optimal seating position varies by body region due to differences in restraint system interaction timing, load distribution patterns, and contact mechanics, emphasizing the need for position-specific injury mitigation strategies.

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