Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution
The journal is intended to provide a platform for research communities from different disciplines to disseminate, exchange and communicate all aspects of aquatic and soil environment, all aspects of pollution, and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. Topics of specific interest include, but are not limited to: Water: Water Quality, Water Resources Management, Water and Wastewater Treatment, Water Pollution and Contaminant Treatment, Water Environment Monitoring and Safety Prevention, Desalination and Water Purification Technologies, Hydrology and Hydrological Processes, Erosion and Sediment Transport, Sewage, and Sustainable Drainage. Soil: Hydrogeology and Environmental Geochemistry, Peat science, Wetlands and Ecosystem, Soil chemistry and biochemistry, physics, fertility and nutrition, Soil genesis and morphology, Soil microbiology and mineralogy, Soil degradation and restoration. Environment: Environmental Microbiology, Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Technology and Biotechnology, Environmental Pollution and Prevention, Adsorption, Environmental Assessment and Monitoring, Environmental Conservation, Energy efficiency, Urban Heat effect, Construction and demolition materials, Ecosystem Services Measurement Related to Water Resources, Transport, Fate and impact of contaminant, Risk mitigation, Deposition, Accumulation. Marine: Aquatic ecosystem, Aquatic ecotoxicology and pollution. Pollution Treatment technologies: safer and cleaner technologies (chemical, physical and biological process) with minimization of the environmental impact of contaminants in aquatic and soil environment. Emerging contaminants: all aspects related to persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, endocrine disruptors, pesticides, flame retardants, and other industrial chemicals. Materials for remediation: membrane, nanomaterials, photocatalytic, electrochemistry, biochar, composite, and carbon-based materials. Other environmental aspects include Environmental modeling, climate change, and green technologies.
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Optimisation of Photocatalytic Degradation for Enhancing Bathroom Greywater Quality Using 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene/Zeolite Photocatalyst
Arifin, Siti Nor Hidayah;
Gani, Paran;
Radin Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira;
Al-Gheethi, Adel;
Lai, Chin Wei;
Yasni, G.;
Ang , Kean Hua
Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution Volume 6 - Issue 1 - 2026
Publisher : Tecno Scientifica Publishing
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DOI: 10.53623/tasp.v6i1.1002
This experimental study investigated the solar photocatalytic degradation process for improving bathroom greywater quality using titanium dioxide nanotubes modified 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with zeolite (TNTs/zeolite) and sought to optimize it. Organic pollutants, suspended solids, and personal care products remained in total household greywater at a proportion of 43–70% from bathroom sources. The optimization method applied was Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM), in which three independent variables were considered: pH within a range of 3–10; catalyst loading expressed as the exposed surface area of 1 or 2 cm²; and irradiation time between thirty and one hundred eighty minutes under natural sunlight conditions with average irradiance values between six hundred twenty and seven hundred eighty watts per square meter. Twenty runs were carried out in triplicate. The responses tested were Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), turbidity, pH, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The optimum condition predicted by RSM had a pH of 6.25, an irradiation time of 180 minutes, and a catalyst loading of 1 × 1 cm². Experimental validation at this optimum condition confirmed the adequacy of the model, with removals greater than 50% for COD, BOD, TSS, and turbidity. ANOVA showed that the models were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) and highly predictively reliable (R² > 0.90 for most responses). The study demonstrated that TNTs/zeolite under natural sunlight represented a potential low-energy alternative for bathroom greywater treatment with practical possibilities for decentralized reuse applications.