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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU

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Published by TALENTA PUBLISHER

ISSN : - EISSN : 23374888 DOI : https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v11i1

Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU merupakan jurnal elektronik yang mempublikasikan karya ilmiah di bidang teknik kimia yang diterbitkan oleh Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jurnal ini tidak terbatas pada mahasiswa dan dosen Universitas Sumatera Utara, tetapi terbuka untuk mahasiswa, dosen dan peneliti dari instansi lain.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)

Articles 337 Documents

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ADSORPSI β-KAROTEN YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (CRUDE PALM OIL) MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF Irvan; Olyvia Putri Wardhani; Nurul Aini; Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 1 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Crude palm oil (CPO) is the richest natural source of carotenoids which gives the reddish-orange color in crude palm oil. The reddish color in unprocessed palm oil is disliked by consumer. This research is aimed to adsorb the β–carotene from the CPO using activated carbon, then the kinetics, isotherm models and thermodynamics data of the adsorption process were obtained. The main materials used in this research were CPO and activated carbon. The observed parameters were final concentration and the amounts of adsorbed β–carotene in activated carbon. The adsorption process was conducted by mixing the adsorbent with CPO with the variation of adsorbent: CPO (w/w) ratio = 1 : 3; 1 : 4; 1 : 5 and 1 : 6 with mixing speed 120 rpm and the temperature of 40, 50 and 60 oC. The sample of CPO and activated carbon was analyzed at every 2 minutes until the equilibrium was achieved. The final concentration of the unadsorbed β–carotene was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the more CPO used in the process, the lower the adsorption percentage. The higher the adsorption temperature, the higher adsorption percentage. Moreover, the maximum adsorption percentage was 95.108% obtained at ratio 1 : 3 and T = 60 oC. The adsorption isotherm model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption at T = 60 oC was Langmuir model with the correlation coefficient of 0.959. The adsorption kinetics model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption was the second order kinetics model with the correlation coefficient of 0.998. The value of free energy Gibbs (ΔG) = -24,482.484 ; -24,708.059 and -24,933.634 J/mol for each temperature respectively, value of entropy changes (ΔS) = 22.557 J/mol K, and value of enthalpy changes (ΔH) = -17,421.987 J/mol.

PEMBUATAN GLISEROL TRIBENZOAT DENGAN PROSES ESTERIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS H-ZEOLIT TERAKTIVASI OLEH ASAM KLORIDA DAN ASAM SULFAT Mutiara Valentina M; Ekelesia Martina; Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 1 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Esterification is one method that is often used in converting glycerol. Glycerol tribenzoate is a derivative product of glycerol which used as a plasticizer for polymer industry, food additives, water repellent material on printer ink, and many more. This research aims to study the making of glycerol tribenzoate through esterification process by using natural zeolit catalyst which is activated with hydrochloric acid, in order to obtain the optimum catalyst % weight (w/w glycerol), and also to see the potential of recycling the zeolit. Zeolit is activated by 4M for 6 hours, and then calcined in the furnace at 500 oC for 5 hours. Then continued to esterification process, glycerol 90% reacted with benzoic acid which dissolved in metanol, with mole ratio of benzoic acid and glycerol at 3,5:1, reaction temperature at 65 oC, and the stirrer speed of 200 rpm, the catalyst % weight is varied at 5 %, 6%, 7%, and 8%, and catalyst recycling is performed 3 times. FTIR characterization result a close match, shows that the product is glycerol tribenzoate. The highest yield of zeolite which activated by HCl is obtained at 6% catalyst % weight i.e 68,992%, while zeolite that activated by H2SO4 is obtained at 8% catalyst % weight i.e 69,678%, H- zeolit catalyst is still feasible to use up to 3 times recycling, with percent of yield reduction for each recycle is ≤ 8%.

PEMBAKARAN PREMIKS UAP MINYAK KELAPA DALAM HELE-SHAW CELL Hadi Saroso
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Coconut oil combustion characteristic is observed experimentally by evaporating oil in the boiler then mix it with air before being burned at various equivalence ratios in the Hele-shaw cell. The result shows that, coconut oil tends to break into glycerol and fatty acid due to hydrolysis reaction producing the flame propagation, where the fatty acid flame propagates first then glycerol flame. Micro-explosion occurs when moisture from fatty acid combustion is absorbed by glycerol, and higher heating due to higher flame speed produces more micro-explosion.

EKSTRAKSI LIKOPEN DARI BUAH TOMAT (Lycopersicum Esculentum) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT TUNGGAL DENGAN METODE KRISTALISASI ANTISOLVENT Sola Fide Gavra Tarigan; Deviana C.S. Sinaga; Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

This research was aimed to study the effect of feed and solvent ratio (f/s), antisolvent variety and solvent variety to the extraction of lycopene from tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum)by using single solvent and antisolvent crystalization method. The solvent that used was hexane and ethyl acetate and also methanol and ethanol as the antisolvent. Tomatoes was milled and then extracted. Antisolvent then added to the extract which was obtained. The results show that the more feed and solvent ratio (f/s) the more lycopene obtained. At the ratio of 1:4,5 with hexane as the solvent obtained the highest lycopene yield were 2,7 mg/150 ml and 2,2 mg/150 ml. Whereas at the ratio of 1:4,5 with ethyl acetate as the solvent obtained the highest lycopene yield were 3,2 mg/150 ml dan 2,8 mg/150 ml. By using methanol as an antisolvent, much lycopene would be obtained. By using ethyl acetate as a solvent, much lycopene would be obtained.

KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET DARI SEKAM PADI DAN KETAMAN KAYU BERPEREKAT DAUN JAMBU METE
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Briquettes are biomass compaction technology as alternative energy sources with or without binder in different shape and size. The research is aimed to analyze the best carbonization process, compaction pressure and binder concentration for quality of briquettes. In this resarch, rice husk and wood shaving are used as raw materials carbonized at different process, named by carbonization process 1 and other carbonization process 2. Carbonization process 1 was done by carbonized each raw material and then mixed while carbonization process 2 was done by mixed raw materials then carbonized. Raw materials were blended with cashew nut leaves binder at concentration 10%, 12,5%, 15%, and 20% and then compacted at pressure 85 kg/cm2 and 105 kg/cm2. The best briquette was briquette that rice husk and wood shaving were carbonized by carbonization process 1 blended with 15% binder and compacted at 85 kg/cm2 and had calorific value 2045,8271 cal/g.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI RAGI DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI PADA PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI BIJI CEMPEDAK (Artocarpus champeden spreng) Irvan; Ayu Wandira Putri; Sri Ulina Surbakti; Bambang Trisakti
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Needs fuel as a source of energy every day is increasing, while the energy reserves of petroleum (fossil) dwindling, therefore, to meet the needs of the fuel it is necessary to develop alternative fuels that are renewable and home environment (renewable ). Etonal Bioethanol is made from plants containing starch, sugar and other plant cellulose. Where in this study using jackfruit seeds that contain high enough carbohydrates as raw materials. This research aims to make bioethanol from cempedak seeds with various concentrations of yeast and fermentation time. The main process is hydrolysis; fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces Cereviciae; and purification by distillation and condensation. Variables used are changes in the concentration of yeast 3%, 6%, 9% and 2 days, 3 days, 4 days fermentation period. From the analysis of the research results obtained bioethanol yield per amount of raw materials is the best starting 12,5 ml/kg with a density of 0.962 g/ml and the calorific value sebasar 181.925 kcal/kg, which is the variation of the concentration of 9% and 3 days of fermentation period.

PENGARUH AGING PADA KEKUATAN TARIK (TENSILE STRENGTH) FILM LATEKS KARET ALAM BERPENGISI NANOKRISTALIN SELULOSA DAN PENYERASI ALKANOLAMIDA Marfuah Lubis; Nuim Hayat; Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Nanocrystalline cellulose is nano sized filler with high crystallinity and obtanained by hydrolysis of alpha cellulose from sugarcane bagasse. Tensile test of natural rubber latex film filled nanocrystalline cellulose and alkanolamide as compatibilizer after aging treatment have been done. Natural rubber latex films were prepared by coagulant dipping method and followed by vulcanization process at temperature 100 oC and 20 minutes. Aging treatment of natural rubber latex films have done at temperature 70 oC for 24 hours. Tensile test result of natural rubber latex filled nanocrystalline cellulose showed the tensile strength value of aged natural rubber latex film were lower than unaged one. However, tensile strength value of aged natural rubber latex film filled nanocrystalline cellulose modified alkanolamide were higher than unaged film.

PENGARUH BAHAN PENGISI SILIKA DAN SERBUK TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT (STKS) TERMODIFIKASI TERHADAP KEKUATAN BENTUR DAN DAYA SERAP AIR KOMPOSIT HIBRID POLIESTER TIDAK JENUH
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

This research aims to determine the effect of palm oil empty fruit bunches (POEFB) powder and silica into the matrix of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and the influence of chemical modification OPEFB with using acetic acid 50% (v / v). In this study, (UPR) was mixed with silica and OPEFB to weight ratio (UPR: Silica: OPEFB) 80: 20: 0, 80: 15: 5, 80: 10: 10, 80: 5: 15, 80: 0: 20 by hand lay-up method. Analysis was done by impact test, and analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that impact strength at a ratio of 80: 5: 15 was higher than those without modification viz. 3622.5 J / m2. In this case the chemical modification has lowered OPEFB polarity so that the interfacial tencion between the filler with a matrix became low resulting in good interfacial interaction and adhesion between matrix and fille. Impact strength values were supported by the results of SEM. From water adsorption test, composite with chemical modification showed low values as compared without modification indicating that modification has lowered the polarity of OPEFB.

EKSTRAKSI ACETOGENIN DARI DAUN DAN BIJI SIRSAK (Annona muricata L) DENGAN PELARUT ASETON
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Annona muricata L contain bioactive compounds acetogenins. Acetogenins which was synthesized through reaction between polyketide derived-acetic acid with 35-39 carbon atom in fatty acid, is the secondary metabolite of Annonaceae plant. This research aims to determine the variable that influence in leaf and Annona muricata seed extraction so that high yield value can be obtained and to prove the presence of acetogenins compound qualitatively. The materials used are Annona muricata leaves, Annona muricata seeds and aceton. The changing variables in this research is the mass of the samples for Annona muricata leaves powder that are 15 g, 25 g, 35 g and Annona muricata seeds powder that are 10 g, 20 g, 30 g which the extraction time are 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes and 60 minutes. This research divided into two steps. The first step is the extraction of Annona muricata leaves and Annona muricata seeds using soxhletation method with 250 mL acetone for Annona muricata leaves, 200 mL aceton for Annona muricata seeds and extraction temperature is ± 58 oC. The second step is purification of the extract using distillation process. In this research, the highest yield value extract of Annona muricata leaves obtained is 55,33% with 15g mass of sample and 60 minutes for the extraction time. The highest yield value extract of Annona muricata seeds obtained is 62 % with 10 g mass of sample and 40 minutes for the extraction time. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups such as lactone, THF, hyrdroxyl and aliphatic chains which indicates acetogenins compound’s presence.

ISOLASI PROTEIN SELAMA PROSES PENGAMBILAN KITIN DARI KULIT UDANG Kherliyanda Febriani; Fitri Hariani Nurza; Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 2 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Shrimp is one of the Indonesia fishery commodities with high economic value. The production of shrimp shells is usually 40-45% from crude shrimp. Shrimp shell contain protein, chitin, minerals and carotenoids. It is very potential to be used as materials for isolation of protein.This experiment is to determine factors that effect protein recovery and optimize deproteination processconditions to produce high yield of protein. The design of experiment used response surface methodology. It is 2 steps consist of deproteination and protein extraction process using shrimp shells and KOH solution in comparison 1:10 (w/v). The concentration of KOH are1,3 M; 2 M; 3 M; 4 M; 4,7 M. The reaction temperatures are37 oC; 40 oC; 45 oC; 50 oC; 53 oCand the reaction times are 40 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 140 minutes. Reaction temperature is the main factor influence protein recovery process. The highest protein yield obtained is 64,5826 % with protein content is 86,24% using KOH solution 2,98 M, reaction temperature 45,76 ºC and reaction time 90,51 minute. Economic potential by protein recovery during isolation of chitin from shrimp shells is profitable.

Page 13 of 34 | Total Record : 337

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