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INDONESIA
Jurnal Sylva Lestari
Published by Universitas Lampung
ISSN : 23390913     EISSN : 25495747     DOI : https://doi.org/10.23960
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Jurnal Sylva Lestari (JSL) [P-ISSN 2339-0913 | E-ISSN 2549-5747] publishes original research articles related to all aspects of forestry and environmental sciences which includes, but not limited to the following topics: forest and natural resources management, biodiversity conservation and management, wood science and timber technology, agroforestry and social forestry, forest products and services, and socio-economics of natural resources. It is primarily a medium for disseminating original theoretical and experimental researches, as well as technical reviews. This journal issues one volume annually consist of three issues that delivered every January, May, and September.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Kehutanan
Articles 332 Documents
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Identification of Key Actors in the Conservation of Amorphophallus gigas in North Sumatra Using the MACTOR Method Rambey, Ridahati; Rahmawaty; Rauf, Abdul; Nababan, Esther Sorta Mauli; Ismail, Mohd Hasmadi; Suratman, Mohd Nazip
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1255

Abstract

Indonesia’s tropical forests harbor exceptional plant diversity; however, rising global demand for forest-based commodities is intensifying extraction and increasing the risk of extinction. In North Sumatra, Amorphophallus gigas persists within community-managed agroforestry understorey systems, yet a surge in tuber demand since 2019 has accelerated harvesting and expanded trade networks from local collectors to export markets. These pressures threaten the species and highlight the need to identify and coordinate key actors in governing sustainable harvesting and habitat management. This study applies a prospective mixed qualitative–quantitative approach, combining in-depth interviews with farmers, village authorities, collectors, government agencies, academics, non-governmental organizations, industry representatives, and exporters. The MACTOR method was used to assess actor influence and dependence and to map convergence and divergence across three objectives: species conservation, agroforestry habitat protection, and income-oriented cultivation. Results indicate that the Center for Conservation of Natural Resources (BBKSDA) North Sumatra is the most influential and least dependent actor, while farmers remain highly dependent despite managing most habitats on private land. Habitat protection is the most mobilizing objective but shows substantial divergence, reflecting unresolved trade-offs between conservation and cultivation. These findings underscore governance imbalances and the need for inclusive, adaptive strategies, including farmer incentives, capacity building, formalized harvesting rules, and synergies between ex situ conservation and sustainable agroforestry. Keywords: actor, Amorphophallus gigas, conservation, MACTOR, Sustainability
Urban Forest Ecosystem Approaches to Mitigating Urban Heat Island Effects Husen, Osu Oheoputra; Hasddin; Ishak, Alfian; Tiro, Ahmad Haeruddin; Hidayat, Johri; Sumarata, De Naddya Yaumil Fadillah; Akeo, Jei
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1354

Abstract

The urban heat island phenomenon has become a major concern for medium-sized tropical coastal cities, driven by interactions among land-use change, increasing building density, and the effectiveness of spatial planning. This paper examines how urban forest distribution and building density relate to urban heat island intensity using an urban ecology framework, remote sensing-based spatial analysis, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), and land surface temperature (LST), and spatial planning policy evaluation. The study combines Landsat imagery (2015–2023) with spatial planning documents, green space data, and stakeholder interviews. LST was obtained from NDVI-based emissivity-corrected digital number temperature-radiation-brightness conversion, and linear regression was used to determine the impact of NDVI and NDBI on LST. Based on the research findings, the two cities show different LST patterns. In Baubau, the temperature rise is largely influenced by building density, meaning the denser the buildings, the hotter the city becomes. In Kendari, on the other hand, temperature changes are more strongly influenced by vegetation density. Important ecological features, such as urban forests, mangrove forests, and coastal vegetation, remain scattered along the city’s outskirts. Their existence has not been fully integrated into urban spatial planning. As a follow-up to these findings, we emphasize the need for ecosystem-based measures to tackle the urban heat island effect. This includes tightening regulations on building density and green open spaces through permitting systems, as well as preserving remaining vegetation while developing well-integrated green corridors. Keywords: Baubau, building intensity, green open space, Kendari, land surface temperature, urban ecology
Land Cover Change and Ecosystem Services Trade-Off in the Tiworo Watershed: Implications for Forest Conservation and Watershed Management Kasim, Safril; Hasddin; Fariki, La; Agarwal, Abhishek
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1321

Abstract

This study evaluates the spatio-temporal dynamics of land-cover change and their implications for the sustainability of ecosystem services in the Tiworo Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, using an integrated ecological–economic framework. The analysis combined land cover datasets from 2014, 2019, and 2024 with sectoral gross regional domestic product (GRDP) data for agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, and applied the Tapio decoupling model to assess the relationship between economic growth and ecological pressure. Results revealed substantial expansion of built-up areas, plantations, and aquaculture ponds, primarily at the expense of mangrove forests and wetlands. Mangrove cover declined from 431.61 ha in 2014 to 306.77 ha in 2024, indicating increasing pressure on coastal ecosystems. Despite these changes, secondary dryland agriculture and forest areas remained relatively stable, suggesting partial resilience of the watershed landscape. Economically, the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector consistently contributed 38–41% of regional GRDP, confirming its strategic importance to local livelihoods and regional development. Decoupling analysis demonstrated absolute decoupling during 2014–2019 and 2014–2024, while relative decoupling occurred during 2019–2024, indicating that economic growth increasingly outpaced ecological degradation. However, localized ecosystem degradation, particularly in mangrove areas, remains a critical concern. These findings highlight that the Tiworo Watershed is transitioning toward more resource-efficient development, although long-term sustainability depends on adaptive watershed governance, stricter protection of vulnerable ecosystems, improved land-use planning, and strengthened community-based forest management. The study provides empirical evidence supporting the application of decoupling analysis at the tropical micro-watershed scale and contributes to the development of integrated forest and watershed management strategies in data-limited regions. Keywords: ecosystem services, forest management, land cover change, Tapio decoupling, Tiworo Watershed
Enhancing Dimensional Stability of Sengon Wood through Synergistic Citric Acid-Glycerol Cross-Linking and SiO2/TiO2 Nanocomposite Impregnation Sartika; Istie Sekartining Rahayu; Wayan Darmawan; Andi Detti Yunianti; Esti Prihatini; Gilang Dwi Laksono; Rohmat Ismail
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1372

Abstract

Sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana) is a fast-growing, low-quality species. In this research, nanoparticle-based impregnation was used to improve the quality and characteristics of sengon wood. SiO2 nanoparticles derived from bamboo leaves were synthesized using the sol-gel method, while TiO2 nanoparticles and SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. A mixture of citric acid, glycerol, and nanoparticles (SiO2, TiO2, and SiO2/TiO2 composite) was formulated as an impregnation solution at 1% concentration. Sengon wood impregnation was conducted using a vacuum-pressure method. The physical properties tested included weight percent gain (WPG), bulking effect (BE), anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), water uptake (WU), and density. The size of the synthesized nanoparticles was analyzed using a particle size analyzer (PSA). The impregnated sengon wood was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the degree of crystallinity. PSA analysis showed that the material used in the impregnation process is nanoscale (< 100 nm) and exhibits the best dispersion stability in the SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposite. Nanoparticle-impregnated sengon wood exhibited reduced WU and improved dimensional stability compared to untreated samples, especially in citric acid-glycerol and composite nanoparticle treatments. FTIR analysis identified the formation of ester bonds and the reduction of hydroxyl groups, and XRD analysis showed a decrease in crystallinity upon impregnation with nanoparticles and a citric acid-glycerol mixture. Overall, the use of citric acid-glycerol with the nanocomposite showed effectiveness in improving the dimensional stability and physical properties of sengon wood. Keywords: citric acid-glycerol, dimensional stability, sengon, SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposite, wood modification
A Trilogy Framework of Forest Training Governance in Indonesia: Integrating Training, Tenurial Conflict, and Protection in Multi-Mandate Systems Labahi, Pemilu Arman; Mujetahid, Andi; Yusran; Sahide, Muhammad Alif K
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1427

Abstract

Forest training areas increasingly operate under multiple management mandates that simultaneously require capacity building, conflict governance, and forest protection, yet their interactions remain underexplored in the forest governance literature. This study examines the compatibility of multi-mandate forest governance in a forest training area in Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews, document analysis, and observations. The study develops a trilogy framework of forest training governance that conceptualizes management as the interaction of training functions, tenurial conflict governance, and forest protection. The findings show that these mandates are neither inherently synergistic nor entirely conflicting. Their compatibility depends on governance arrangements, including institutional coordination, leadership capacity, and community engagement. Training activities can support forest protection through increased field presence, yet may intensify social tensions when access overlaps with contested land uses. Conflict governance plays a mediating role in shaping the legitimacy of protection measures and the effectiveness of training. This study contributes to the forest governance literature by offering an analytical framework for understanding multi-mandate compatibility in forest training areas and by providing policy-relevant insights for managing special-purpose forest areas. Keywords: forest governance, forest protection, multi-mandate management, tenurial conflict
Enhancing Pine Resin Productivity through Sulfuric Acid–Modified ETRAT Stimulants under Operational Conditions in Pinus merkusii Stands Gunawan Santosa; Juang Rata Matangaran; Ryan Darmawan; Darwis Alamsyah; Rita Kartika Sari
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1454

Abstract

Pine resin is an important non-timber forest product in Indonesia; however, the productivity of Pinus merkusii tapping remains relatively low and has not yet met industrial demand. This study evaluated the effect of a sulfuric acid–modified ETRAT stimulant on pine resin productivity under operational tapping conditions in Perum Perhutani forests in Central Java, Indonesia. Resin tapping was conducted on 160 trees distributed across four age classes (AC III–VI) using a randomized block design with four stimulant treatments: ETRAT, ETRAT + 5% H2SO4, ETRAT + 10% H2SO4, and a control without stimulant. Resin yield was monitored over 10 consecutive tapping periods, with intervals of 3 days. Resin productivity exhibited temporal variation across tapping periods, with generally lower yields during the initial tapping periods, increasing toward the intermediate periods, and declining slightly thereafter; however, differences among tapping periods were not statistically significant. Stimulant treatment significantly affected resin productivity. The highest productivity was achieved with ETRAT + 5% H2SO4 (11.29 g/quarre/day), representing an approximately 78% increase compared to the control (6.34 g/quarre/day). The addition of 10% H2SO4 did not further improve productivity, suggesting potential physiological stress associated with excessive acidity. Productivity also differed among age-class blocks, with the highest values observed in AC V and AC VI, although these differences likely reflected combined stand-level effects, including stand density and site conditions.  These findings demonstrate that low-concentration sulfuric acid modification can enhance the operational performance of organic stimulants by improving ethylene-mediated resin flow while maintaining tree physiological tolerance. These results provide practical implications for improving pine resin productivity in tropical production forests under operational management conditions. Keywords: age class, ETRAT, pine resin productivity, stimulants, sulfuric acid
Forest and Land Rehabilitation and Its Contribution to Carbon Stock Enhancement under Social Forestry Schemes in Lampung Province Using the AKSARA Platform Erni Vida Aina; Slamet Budi Yuwono; Arief Darmawan; Indra Gumay Febryano
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1381

Abstract

This study evaluated the implementation of forest and land rehabilitation (RHL) and estimated its contribution to carbon stock enhancement under social forestry schemes in Lampung Province to support Indonesia’s Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink 2030 target. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed using secondary data on critical land, rehabilitation activities, and social forestry from 2015–2024. Carbon sequestration and emission reduction potentials were analyzed using the AKSARA platform developed by the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas). The analysis incorporated rehabilitation area, seedling survival, planting type, and carbon absorption factors to estimate carbon stock enhancement and carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e) sequestration. Results showed that critical land in Lampung Province declined by 284,680 ha between 2018 and 2024, indicating a gradual recovery of the ecosystem. During 2015-2024, RHL activities rehabilitated 32,283.97 ha with 17.63 million seedlings planted. These activities generated an estimated carbon stock enhancement of 174,487.30 tCO2e and carbon sequestration of 639,788.40 tCO2e, equivalent to approximately 0.46% of Indonesia's FOLU Net Sink target. The highest rehabilitation achievement occurred in 2019, contributing more than half of the total rehabilitated area during the study period. Social forestry also demonstrated substantial potential to strengthen community-based climate mitigation, covering 209,408.60 ha managed by 95,707 households through 451 permits distributed across community forests, village forests, forestry partnerships, community plantation forests, and conservation partnerships. The integration of social forestry and RHL through agroforestry practices provides ecological, social, and economic co-benefits by restoring degraded landscapes, increasing carbon stocks, improving watershed functions, and enhancing local livelihoods. This study highlights the strategic role of community-based forest management in supporting sustainable land restoration and achieving Indonesia’s climate mitigation commitments. Keywords: agroforestry, carbon stock enhancement, FOLU Net Sink 2030, forest and land rehabilitation, social forestry
The Importance of Spacing and Thinning to Improve Productivity and Wood Properties of Clonal Teak Plantation Widiyatno; Aris Wibowo; Nur Laily Anisa; Dian Novitasari; Rika Bela Rahmawati; Sawitri; Sigit Sunarta; Suryo Hardiwinoto; Naoki Tani
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1347

Abstract

Clonal teak in Indonesia was produced through a tree improvement program that selected superior mother trees. These clones showed high growth and could produce more than 200 m3/ha in 20 years after planting. The silvicultural treatment could improve the growth of clonal teak through spacing arrangements and thinning. However, studies combining the effects of spacing and thinning to improve forest productivity in clonal teak plantations remain limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of different spacing and thinning intensity on the productivity of a 13-year-old clonal teak plantation. A nested randomized complete block design was used with 3 blocks as replication. The treatment comprised 4 spacing types: 3 m x 3 m, 6 m x 2 m, 8 m x 2 m, and 10 m x 2 m. Meanwhile, 3 thinning intensities were nested within each spacing treatment: 0% (control), 25% (medium thinning), and 50% (heavy thinning). The results showed that at the age of 13 years old, spacing treatment affected the development of diameter at breast height (DBH), mean annual diameter increment (MADI), tree bole height (TBH), crown diameter (CD), canopy openness (CO), competition index (CI), and pilodyn penetration (PP) (p < 0.05). Spacing treatment did not affect height (H), volume (Vol), and stress wave velocity (SWV) (p > 0.05). The best spacing to improve DBH, MADI, CD, CO, and PP was 10 m x 2 m, yielding 29.68 cm, 2.30 cm/year, 5.18 m, 54.84%, and 20.21 mm, respectively. Additionally, thinning intensity, nested within spacing treatment, significantly affected DBH, MADI, Vol, CO, and CI (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a combination of spacing 10 m x 2 m and thinning intensity 50% is recommended to increase forest productivity in a clonal teak plantation. Keywords: clonal teak, forest productivity, spacing, thinning intensity, wood properties  
Four New Climbing Bamboo Species in the genus Dinochloa Buse (Poaceae) from Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, Mindanao, Philippines Lowell Gazo Aribal; Erika Llagas Noblefranca; Jevie Ontejo Polestico; Kean Roe Felipe Mazo
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1378

Abstract

The genus Dinochloa Buse (Poaceae) comprises a diverse group of climbing bamboos distributed throughout Malesia, yet its diversity in the Philippines remains insufficiently documented. Field surveys conducted in the lowland ultramafic forests of the Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, Mindanao, Philippines, revealed four previously undescribed species of Dinochloa. This study formally describes Dinochloa rubra, Dinochloa torretae, Dinochloa adonii, and Dinochloa hamiguitanensis based on detailed vegetative morphological analyses of voucher specimens collected from elevations of 340–570 m above sea level. Species delimitation was established through comparative assessment of diagnostic characters, including culm coloration, culm diameter, sheath persistence and indumentum, auricle and ligule morphology, branching patterns, and foliage-leaf characteristics. D. rubra is distinguished by bright red young culms turning dark violet, caducous light-purple culm sheaths with narrowly linear caducous blades, and the absence of auricles and oral setae, and possesses glabrous nodes and foliage leaves. D. torretae is characterized by almost solid, very slender culms (0.2–0.3 cm diameter), small auricles bearing long hairs, and culm-leaf and foliage-leaf ligules crowned with erect hairs. D. adonii differs in having larger culms (1.3–1.8 cm diameter), persistent scabrid sheaths with stiff hairs, and ovate-lanceolate sheath blades with small auricles bearing short hairs. D. hamiguitanensis is distinguished by smaller culms (0.8–1.0 cm diameter), pale orange to golden-brown scabrid culm sheaths lacking auricles and oral setae, and the absence of a foliage-leaf ligule combined with glabrous concolorous lanceolate leaves. These discoveries emphasize the ecological and conservation significance of ultramafic ecosystems as centers of bamboo endemism and diversity. Recognition of these four new species increases the number of documented Philippine Dinochloa species from eight to twelve and highlights Mount Hamiguitan as an important center of bamboo diversity and conservation. Keywords: Bambusoideae, Dinochloa, Mount Hamiguitan, Poaceae, taxonomy
Biosecurity versus Biocontrol: The Impact of Uromycladium falcatarium on Pacific Mimosaceae Sri Rahayu; Matthew Tracy Johnson
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v14i2.1408

Abstract

Uromycladium falcatarium is a gall-forming rust fungus that causes highly damaging disease on Falcataria moluccana in commercial plantations in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Falcataria moluccana is also an invasive weed that threatens infrastructure and native ecosystems in many Pacific Islands, including Hawaii, and is currently a target for biological control using host-specific natural enemies. Some Uromycladium species have been successfully used as biological controls for certain Acacia weeds. We conducted artificial inoculations to determine the ability of U. falcatarium from Indonesia to control F. moluccana in Hawaii, and to assess its impact on non-target Mimosaceae. Inoculations were applied in the laboratory and under net house conditions to three-month-old seedlings of F. moluccana, Acacia koaia, Acacia confusa, Albizia chinensis, Albizia lebbeck, and Leucaena leucocephala from Hawaii, and F. moluccana from Moluccas, Indonesia, as a control.  Inoculations in the laboratory, monitored by freehand sections at 1, 24, and 48 hours, showed that all species except A. confusa supported the early stages of infection by U. falcatarium. In the net house, 4 randomized complete blocks with 5 seedlings per unit sample for each species were monitored for 5 months after treatment with sprayed inoculum, as well as continuous exposure to mature teliospore-producing galls placed overhead on shade cloth. All species showed early symptoms of infection after the first month, but only F. mollucana, from both Hawaii and the Moluccas, supported full disease development and gall formation over 5 months, ultimately leading to seedling death. The results suggest that U. falcatarium may be a suitable candidate for biological control of invasive F. moluccana. However, since several non-target species from Hawaii have shown susceptibility to the early stages of infection by the rust fungus, biosecurity precautions should be taken to prevent its introduction until further tests demonstrate safety. Keywords: biosecurity, Falcataria moluccana, rust fungus, Uromycladium falcatarium  

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