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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 20, No. 4" : 7 Documents clear
The Artificial Leaf: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges Symes, Mark D.
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 4
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Abstract

The prospect of a device that uses solar energy to split water into H2 and O2 is highly attractive in terms of producing hydrogen as a carbon-neutral fuel. In this mini review, key research milestones that have been reached in this field over the last two decades will be discussed, with special focus on devices that use earth-abundant materials. Finally, the remaining challenges in the development of such “artificial leaves” will be highlighted.
Antifungal Activity of (+)-2,2’-Epicytoskyrin A and Its Membrane-Disruptive Action Wulansari, Dewi; Praptiwi,; Julistiono, Heddy; Nurkanto, Arif; Agusta, Andria
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 4
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Abstract

(+)-2,2’-Epicytoskyrin A, a bis-anthraquinone isolated from fungal endophyte Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10 associated with Uncaria gambir Roxb., was investigated for its antifungal activity. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against 22 yeast strains and three filamentous fungi. The MICs of (+)-2,2’-epicytoskyrin A ranged from 16 to 128 µg/mL, which exhibited lower activity than the antifungal nystatin. A study of the mechanism of action revealed similar effects of (+)-2,2’-epicytoskyrin A and nystatin on Candida tropicalis at their MICs (16 and 8 µg/mL, respectively) and 2 times of the MIC. Both compounds caused cytoplasmic material and ion leakages on fungal cell, which were characterized by an increase in absorbance at 260 nm and 280 nm as well as Ca2+ and K+ ion concentrations. The morphology of the fungal cells after (+)-2,2’-epicytoskyrin A treatment was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The control cells, which were not treated with either (+)-2,2’-epicytoskyrin A or nystatin, showed a smooth surface, while the cells treated with either (+)-2,2’-epicytoskyrin A or nystatin shrank and displayed a donut-like shape. More shrinkage was observed in the 2 times MIC concentration and even more in the cells exposed to nystatin. The action of (+)-2,2’-epicytoskyrin A was proposed through membrane disruption.
A New Benzoyl Compound Isolated from the Endophytic Fungi of Kandis Gajah (Garcinia griffithii) and Asam Kandis (Garcinia cowa) Elfita,; Munawar,; Muharni,; Pratiwi, Gusti; Rahmadania,
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 4
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Abstract

Garcinia griffithii and Garcinia cowa belong to the genus Garcinia. The genus Garcinia has been known to be a rich source of secondary metabolites, such as xanthones, benzophenones, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and other phenolic derivatives. Previous investigations of endophytic fungi from G. griffithii revealed the presence of three compounds not found in the host. In order to the continue the phytochemical work on endophytic fungi of G. griffithii, the constituent of the endophytic fungi of G. griffithii was re-examined. In this study, a benzoyl compound similar to that found in the endophytic fungus of G. cowa was observed. The same benzoyl compound was also isolated from the endophytic fungus Acremonium sp of G. griffithii and Aspergillus sp of G. cowa with cultivation of eight weeks in static conditions at room temperature. The culture medium was partitioned using ethyl acetate and evaporated to obtain the concentrated extract. Isolation of compounds was performed using the chromatography method. The chemical structure was proposed on the basis of spectroscopic data, including ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1H-NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13C-NMR), heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy (HMBC), and correlation spectroscopy (COSY).
Determination of Carbofuran on Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography using TSKgel®Amide-80 as a Stationary Phase Kurnia, Asep; Lim, Lee Wah; Takeuchi, Toyohide
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 4
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Abstract

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) equipped with an environmentally friendly capillary column was employed to investigate the retention behavior of carbofuran; a polar stationary phase was used as well. Several conditions were conducted to investigate the retention behavior of carbofuran, such as a comparison study TSKgel®Amide-80 with another polar column, a comparison study retention behavior of carbofuran on various wavelengths, the water content effect on HILIC mode, the effect of buffer concentration on HILIC mode, and the analytical performance of carbofuran. The results showed that TSKgel®Amide-80 exhibited a better performance than other polar stationary phases in carbofuran determination, and observations at wavelengths of 251 and 254 nm showed higher absorbance for carbofuran than others. In addition, the increase of water content and salt buffer concentration in the mobile phase led to a shorter retention time. The recovery of this method was 101 ± 10.1%, while the limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.66 ppm and 2.22 ppm, respectively. Consequently, TSKgel®Amide-80 offers a good perform
Statistical Properties of Cloud Propagation over Sumatra during CPEA-I Rahayu, Aulya; Marzuki,; Vonnisa, Mutya
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 4
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Abstract

Cloud propagation over Sumatra and the surrounding area (10°S-10°N, 70°-120°E) during the Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere-I (CPEA-I) campaign (10 April to 9 May 2004) was tracked using brightness temperature (Tb) data from the GOES-9 satellite. The cloud tracking was based on three-dimensional data with a threshold of Tb < 210 K. During the campaign, westward-moving clouds were more dominant than eastward-moving systems, with a ratio of approximately 4:1. This characteristic coincided with the dominant easterly wind aloft. Most clouds propagated with a speed varying between 4 and 35 m/s, with a mean value of 13.7 m/s. If the westward and eastward propagations were separated, the average duration, speed, and span of the westward (eastward) moving clouds are 7.7 (5.8 h), -14.5 (9.8 m/s), and 435.5 (187.1 km), respectively. The characteristics of cloud propagation during the CPEA-I were influenced by environmental factors such as relative humidity, temperature, the vertical movement of air, and wind shear. Such factors interacted with the inactive and active phases of the Madden-Julian Oscillation.
Diversity and Antifungal Activity of Actinomycetes Symbiont Hard Coral Mucus of Genera Goniopora and Porites Riyanti,; Nurkhasanah, Wulan; Radjasa, Ocky Karna
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 4
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Abstract

Screening new bioactive compounds from marine actinomycete organisms associated with corals (Goniopora and Porites) can be an alternative method to discover the natural antifungal compounds. This study aims to determine the density and diversity of actinomycete symbionts based on repetitive sequence-based-polymerase chain reactions (rep-PCR) and to discern the ability of antifungal activity of isolates symbiotic with hard coral mucus by using a pour plate method. A total of 143 isolates were obtained from the hard coral mucus of genera Goniopora and Porites. High genetic diversity was observed among the isolates. Ten isolates with different morphological characteristics were selected to extract its secondary metabolites and then followed by an antifungal test. The isolate with the code of SCAS324 was the one with the antifungal activity, marked by the formation of a very strong inhibition zone of 54.7±0.4 mm toward Aspergillus flavus and 49.2±2.7 mm toward Candida albicans. Antifungal screening showed that the antifungal activity of the isolate SCAS324 was three times as effective as the commercial antifungal.
The Use of Eco-Friendly Catalyst in the Production of Ester Chidi, Obi; Peter, Okoye Ifedi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 4
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Abstract

This study utilized an eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of ester via esterification of ethanol and acetic acid under refluxing conditions. The amount of acetic acid converted was determined by titrimetric method. Aluminum pillared material was produced from natural clay by ion exchange and calcined at 473 K. Powdered X-Ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) and BET gas sorption analysis were employed to characterize the pillared material. The result revealed that significant improvement on physicochemical characteristics of the natural clay occurred as a result of pillaring. The results also revealed that the conversion of acetic acid was dependent on the catalyst/feed ratio of 2:2:1. The maximum conversion of acetic acid of 95.79% was obtained at the reaction temperature of 363 K and 150 minutes. The pillared clay material is more active in the conversion of acetic acid than the natural bentonite clay. This study illustrated that pillared bentonite clay is an eco-friendly solid catalyst for use in the production of chemical precursors for several industrial products.

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