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Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02151936 EISSN : 26148412 DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320

Core Subject : Health,

Nursing Public Health

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan

Articles 7 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 24, No 2 (2008)" : 7 Documents clear

Hubungan Pola Perdarahan Uterus dengan Kadar Estradiol pada Akseptor Kontrasepsi Injeksi DMPA Enny S Pamuji, Djaswadi Dasuki, M. Hakimi
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 24, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Bleeding disturbances are the main complaint that cause most DMPA users discontinuing contraceptive use. Mechanism underlying the bleeding disturbances is not clear. It is presumed that the condition is related to fluctuation of estradiol level or to low persistent estradiol level Objective: 1. To evaluate an association between bleeding pattern and estradiol level of DMPA users after 3, 6, 9, 12 months use. 2. To evaluate an association between estradiol level and length of use. 3. To evaluate an association between bleeding pattern and estradiol level, body mass index (BMI), age, parity, total cholesterol level of DMPA users.Design: Observational study, secondary analysis nested on “Randomized Controlled Trial Planibu® and Depo Progestin®”Material and Method: Seventy DMPA users received injection every 3 months for 12 months. Before injection was administered, venous blood was taken and examination of estradiol level was done using Enzyme Imuno Absorbent Assay (ELISA). In addition, in-depth interview was also done on bleeding pattern for the last reference period (90 days). Subject was classified according to their bleeding pattern into groups of amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, spotting, and bleeding,Results: All research subjects indicated low estradiol concentration with an average concentration less than 150 pg/ml. There was a correlation between length of usage and estradiol level; estradiol level after 12 months of usage was less than 100 pg/ml. There was no different between bleeding pattern and estradiol in month 3, 6, 9,12 using bivariate analysis with t-test with amenorrhea group as reference and p > 0,05. T-test and Chi Square analyses using amenorrhea group as reference stated that there was no association between bleeding pattern and age, BMI, and parity. Using multivariate analysis with Multinomial Logistic Regression, it was stated that correlation between estradiol concentration and bleeding pattern was not affected by age, body mass index, or total cholesterol level. There was an association between bleeding pattern and cholesterol level using bivariate and multivariate analyses.Conclusion: 1. Estradiol level in various bleeding pattern after 3,6,9,12 month of usage was not different. 2. There was correlation between low estradiol level and length of usage. 3. Association between bleeding pattern and estradiol level was not influenced by age, parity and body mass index, and total cholesterol level.Keywords: bleeding pattern, estradiol, DMPA, injectable contraception

Analisis Pelaksanaan Universal Precaution pada Pelayanan Kesehatan Gigi Oktarina Dwi Ratna Soeryandari
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 24, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: At Health Centers diseases could be directly or indirectly transmitted because the clinical procedures are not followed or carelessness of health workers. The universal precautions are done to protect patients and health workers from communicable diseases in health facilities, including dental services.Method: This was an observational study with explanatory methods. Data were collected by interview, questionnaires, observation, focus group discussion, and data secondary. The study was conducted in 30 Health Centers in Surabaya City. Subjects were 30 dentists from 30 health centers. The dental services with the universal precaution procedures given by the dentists were observed. Data were analyzed descriptively.Result: Results of the study showed the knowledge of 50% respondents was not good and 80% of the dentists skillfully conducted the universal precaution indicators. Based on organization factors, the majority of the respondents had received training on the universal precaution but supervision had not been done routinely. Eighty three point three percents (83.3%) dentists used gloves every time give service, 80% of the instruments were in sterilized condition, 30% of the centers had medical waste baskets or for needles. Based on work load, it was increasing if the patients increased because of the limited instruments, especially sterilization instruments had not provided in all health centers. The Standard Operational Procedures were hanged just in some Health Centers.Conclusion: The universal precaution in the dental clinics had not been 100% conducted in the Health Centers because of the lack of knowledge and training or continued education and also supervision and evaluation by the District Health Office. Besides there were a higher work load of the dentists in conducting their works and lack of dental instruments so that these risk of infections in the Health Centers and their environments.Keywords: universal precaution, dental personnel

Vitamin E dan Malondialdehid Darah Wanita Hamil di Daerah Endemik Gondok di Jawa Tengah Prasetyastuti Sunarti
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 24, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Usually, people who live in goiter areas have iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency increases thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in blood that can promote product of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide can produce free radicals that can promote lipid peroxidation. One of the lipid peroxidation products is MDA (malondialdehyde). Vitamin E is an antioxidant that can trap free radical in cell membrane and plasma lipoprotein so it can protects lipid peroxidation by free radical.Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out whether there is some possibility of differences between vitamin E and MDA concentrations in the blood of pregnant women living in goiter and those of women non goiter areas.Method: A Cross Sectional study was conducted, in which 60 women from goiter endemic and 60 women from non goiter endemic were randomly selected to serve as subjects. The blood sample was taken from venous cubiti. Vitamin E was measured by spectrofluorometer and MDA was measured by spectrophotometer. T test was employed to analyze the data.Results: The vitamin E level of the women living in goiter and non goiter endemic areas, 33.17 + 9.13 ìg/ml versus 32.39 + 11.13 ìg/ml respectively, were not significantly different (p=0.677; CI:-4.455; 2.905), but the MDA level of those, 12.07 + 2.75 nmol/ml versus 8.73 + 3.04 nmol./ml respectively, were significantly different (p=0.000; CI:- 4.386; -2.287). The correlation between vitamin E and MDA levels was not significant (p=0.403; CI:-0.034; 0.085).Conclusion: There is significantly difference of MDA level of the women living in goiter and non goiter endemic areas but the MDA was not correlated with the vitamin E level.Keywords : vitamin E, malondialdehyde, pregnant, goiter

Upaya Penanggulangan Gizi Buruk pada Balita melalui Penjaringan dan Pelacakan Kasus Rahma Edy Pakaya, Istiti Kandarina, Akhmadi
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 24, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: A total of 1.506 children in Yogyakarta Special District Province suffered from malnutrition. They resided in Gunung Kidul (531 children), Sleman (287 children), Kotamadya Yogyakarta (225 children) and Kulon Progo (190 children). (Wirobrajan was 6th from 18 sub-districts of most frequent incident of malnutrition in Yogyakarta.)Objective: To assess the implementation of case screening and case finding of the children malnutrition through both of Posyandu (Integreted Care Venue) and Polyclinic at Wirobrajan Community Health Center, Yogyakarta.Methods: A descriptive non-analytic, cross-sectional study was carried out. Data were collected from in-depth interview. As respondents were member of team of poor nutrition prevention program. Research was conducted from December 24th 2007 to January 9th 2008 at Wirobrajan Community Health Center, Yogyakarta.Results: Case screening was conducted trough both of active and passive. Active case screening was conducted every two or three months by all of Posyandu in Wirobrajan area. Pasive case screening was conducted by daily health service setting in Community Health Center and based on health cader report. case screening was performed by collect data of children include name and age, measurement of body weight and height, head circumference, rough and smooth motoric ability. After that, documentation and reporting to goverment was made. WHO-NCHS standard was used as standard of malnutrition measurement. After case screening or case reporting, case finding was performed by home visit. Data collected by using of questioner or direct interview to parent. Anthropometric re-measurement can be performed as needed refer to community health center or to the hospital if there is enclosing desease and make dokumentation. This activity is convenience with Guideline of Malnutrition Management in and Community Health Center Setting.Keywords: case screening, case finding, children, malnutrition.

Perilaku Kesehatan Reproduksi Anak Perempuan Korban Trafficking di Manado Sesca Diana Solang, Ira Paramastri, Budi Wahyuni
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 24, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: There were 23 girls who escaped from bar “F” in Timika Province of Papua. In 29 August 2002 during medical examination, it was found that one of the girls suffered from HIV/AIDS, others had sexual diseases, and there were some of them who were pregnant. The government paid attention to them and hence, they were invited to a skill course and will be given an asset; nevertheless, only five girls who attended.Objective: This research was aimed to find out knowledge of girls who were being prostitute regarding the threat of reproductive health disease, role of customer, procuress, health care provider, friend and family in giving support on the unwanted pregnancy, sexual transmitted disease (STD) and HIV/AIDS as well as how is the reproductive health behavior toward prevention of unwanted pregnancy, STD and HIV/AIDS during trafficking in Timika.Method: This research was an explorative qualitative one and it was conducted with focus group discussion toward research subject of girls who were being prostitute in Timika and in-depth interview toward research subject and program manager in the provincial level as informant key. The subjects were chosen with purposive sampling that used selected criteria. Qualitative data analysis was used from data collection until forming an explanation of data validity by using source and method triangulation.Result: In general, AYLA did not experience unwanted pregnancy because they used contraception. Condom can be obtained from health care provider or bought to be offered to their guest when having sexual relationship although most of the guests refused to use it. This condition showed the low bargaining position of girls who were being prostitute in the transaction process. People surrounding girls who were being prostitute has reminded each other to have self protection toward prevention of unwanted pregnancy, STD and HIV/AIDS with contraception. They know the risk if they did not use condom in having sexual relationship. The low bargaining position caused girls who were being prostitute had high risk toward reproductive health disease and could not have safe sex in order to be avoided from the transmission of STD even HIV/AIDS.Conclusion: Most girls who were being prostitute already know unwanted pregnancy, STD and HIV/AIDS, but they still have bad attitude and behavior on the risk of sexual disease when their guests were not using condom because of girls who were being prostitute low bargaining position and behavior on washing reproductive organ with toothpaste after having sexual relationship caused irritation and reproductive system disorder.Keywords: reproductive health behavior, girl, sacrifice trafficking

Area Industri Gamping sebagai Faktor Risiko Gangguan Fungsi Paru A A Subijanto
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 24, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is one the major public health problems in Indonesia. National data in 1992 described that bronchitis and asma was situated at the seventh rank among 10 leading fatal diseases. One of their risk factors is exposure of dust which is produced by industry including chalkpowder industry. In Indonesian country, there were some active chalkpowder industy in the area.Objective: This research was aimed to investigate whether distance between home and chalk powder industry is a risk factor for poor lung function.Material and Method: The study population was men who stayed in nearby the chalk powder industry during at least last 5 years, smoke, and were not employee in the chalkpowder industry. The study design was cross- sectional survey. Sampling method was quota sampling. Lung function was examined by respirometer to measure Vital Capacity (VC) and Forced Expiratory Volume One Second (FEV-1).Results: The findings of this study reveals that distance of home to chalk powder industry is a risk factor to prevalence of obstructive and restrictive lung. The risk of residents living in the radius of less than 500 meter from the industry is 9.75 higher to obstructive lung than residents living within the radius of 500 to 100 meter from the industry. In addition, the risk to suffer restrictive lung is 1.38 higher in residents living within the radius of less than 500 meters from the industry.Keywords: chalkpowder, risk factor, COPD

Hubungan antara Hipertensi, Merokok dan Minuman Suplemen Energi dan Kejadian Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Titiek Hidayati, Haripurnomo Kushadiwijaya, Suhardi
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 24, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are a global health problem with increasing incidence, prevalence and mortality rate. So far no study has been known to have been conducted on factors related to the prevalence of renal failure disease in Yogyakarta.Objective: The study was aimed to identify relationship between hypertension, smoking and supplement energy drink and CKD at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta and calculate odds ratio of these factors.Method: The study was analytical observation with case control design. There were as many as 210 subjects divided into three groups. The first group consisted of 70 patients of terminal chronic renal failure who had routine hemodialysis treatment at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta as cases. Diagnostic criteria of CKD were specified through serum creatinin level > 10mg/dl and the requirement for routine hymodialysis. The second group consisted of 70 patients of conscious trauma victims or hemorrhagic fever or typhoid fever infection with creatinin level < 1.37 mg/dl living close to the residence of the cases hospitalized at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital as hospital controls. The third group consisted of 70 healthy volunteers with the same sex, age, ethnic group and residency with cases that had creatinin level < 1.37mg/dl as community controls. Inclusion criteria for the subject were Indonesian of 15 – 65 years old, willing to participate in the study by filling in and signing letters of agreement and informed consent. Exclusion criteria were: heredity chronic disease and renal transplant history. Secondary data were obtained from patients’ medical records. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interview guided by questionnaire for healthy volunteers, hospital cases and controls. Data analysis was carried out using univariable, bivariable, stratified and double logistic regression techniques. The results were presented through tables, graphs or diagrams.Result: Hypertension, smoking and having supplement energy drink were risk factors of the prevalence of CKD at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Yogyakarta. There was a dose-dependence on amount and length of smoking, supplement drink and time length of hypertension and the prevalence of CKD.Conclusion: Smoking, having supplement drink and hypertension have relationships with the prevalence of CKD at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Yogyakarta. Odds ratio of smoking, having supplement drink and hypertension against the prevalence of terminal chronic renal failure at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta were perspectively 3.68(CI=1.39 – 9.74; p<0.05), 6.63 (CI=2.53 – 17.35; p<0.05) and 23.15 (CI=8.73 – 61.41; p<0.05).Keywords: chronic renal failure, risk factors, hypertension, energy drink, smoking

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Ika Kusumaningtyas

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bkm.fk@ugm.ac.id

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Sekretariat Bersama Jurnal, Lt. 2 Atas Kantin IKM, FK-KMK UGM Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281

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Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Ika Kusumaningtyas

Contact Email tyas.kusuma@ugm.ac.id

Phone +628988833412

Journal Mail Official bkm.fk@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address Sekretariat Bersama Jurnal, Lt. 2 Atas Kantin IKM, FK-KMK UGM Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Ika Kusumaningtyas

Contact Email
tyas.kusuma@ugm.ac.id

Phone
+628988833412

Journal Mail Official
bkm.fk@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Sekretariat Bersama Jurnal, Lt. 2 Atas Kantin IKM, FK-KMK UGM Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA