International Journal of Disaster Management
The International Journal of Disaster Management (IJDM) is addressing the results of applied research to advance the knowledge in minimizing the potential impact of threats or warnings caused by natural or man-made disasters in a way to reduce the exposure of human activities to risks. IJDM is a journal for researchers, practitioners and policy makers from various disciplines to publish the knowledge advancement on the dynamic relationship between human and disaster, local indigenous knowledge as well as the strategies and technology applied in different elements of the disaster management cycle, including in the response, recovery, reconstruction, prevention, mitigation, and preparedness. The journal scope covers a multi-disciplinary approach in the following key topics: Lessons learned on disaster management from past disasters Technology application for disaster response, reconstruction, and mitigation Management of early response, reconstruction, and recovery Disaster education and strategy to increase awareness and preparedness Post-disaster recovery process and strategies Governance in disaster management Early-warning system, technology, and strategies Knowledge Management for Disaster Risk Reduction GIS and Remote Sensing for Disaster Management Community-Based Disaster Management Climate Risk Management Environmental Aspect in Disaster Natural Hazards coupled with Technological Failures Children Protection and Participation in Disaster Management Local and Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction Numerical Analysis for Disaster Management Supports
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<![CDATA[The Levels of Physician Disaster Preparedness Based on the Tsunami Vulnerability Zones in Banda Aceh ]]>
<![CDATA[Taufik Suryadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Balqis Qonita]]>;
<![CDATA[Hafni Andayani]]>;
<![CDATA[Agung Pranata]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Disaster Management Vol 5, No 1 (2022): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TDMRC, Universitas Syiah Kuala ]]>
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DOI: 10.24815/ijdm.v5i1.22207
<![CDATA[Disasters caused by natural hazards may harm the health sector. It needs physician preparedness as a significant step in disaster risk reduction efforts and is expected to obtain an adequate response when a disaster occurs. This study aimed to determine the level of physician preparedness at the public health center (PHC) to face a tsunami caused by an earthquake based on the vulnerability zones. This research method is observational analytic with a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire developed by LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR adjusted to the core competencies and sub-competencies for disaster medicine and public health. The samples were collected in total sampling. The results show that most respondents have a preparedness index with categories almost prepare and not prepare, each of 12 respondents from a total of 42 people who participated in this study (28.56%). The physician from zone III has the best preparedness, and the physician from zone I are at least prepared for disasters. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test obtained p-value 0.646 (p 0.05). The conclusion was found that there was no significant difference between the levels of physician preparedness at the PHC facing tsunami disasters based on the tsunami vulnerability zone in Banda Aceh. ]]>
<![CDATA[Role of Government and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Cyclone Recovery in Bangladesh ]]>
<![CDATA[Shahpara Nawaz]]>;
<![CDATA[Md. Humayain Kabir]]>;
<![CDATA[Md. Nazmul Hossen]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Disaster Management Vol 5, No 1 (2022): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TDMRC, Universitas Syiah Kuala ]]>
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DOI: 10.24815/ijdm.v5i1.25189
<![CDATA[Immediate relief distribution activities are primarily focused on after a cyclonic event in Bangladesh, where proper long-term recovery and rehabilitation efforts are not strategized with much significance. This study concentrated on understanding and assessing the status and effectiveness of the post-cyclone recovery programmes to improve the lives of cyclone-affected households in southwestern Bangladesh. This study aims to examine the status and efficiency of Government and Non-government organisations (NGO) led cyclone recovery programmes for cyclone SIDR and cyclone AILA and identify the challenges that hindered the successful implementation of effective recovery programmes. The study reviewed existing literature on cyclone recovery in Bangladesh, including government and NGO reports, and conducted focus group discussions on cyclone-affected Dacope Upazila of Khulna. The finding indicates that the cyclone-affected community in southwestern Bangladesh has not recovered satisfactorily across all sectors and timescales from cyclone damages and continues to live in vulnerable conditions even after a decade of cyclonic events. The adopted recovery measures were not efficient and effective in returning to the everyday lifestyle of the affected people. Planned and coordinated recovery efforts should be executed with proper monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of post-cyclone recovery programmes.]]>
<![CDATA[Contribution of Weather Modification Technology for Forest and Peatland Fire Mitigation in Riau Province ]]>
<![CDATA[Tukiyat Tukiyat]]>;
<![CDATA[Andi Eka Sakya]]>;
<![CDATA[F. Heru Widodo]]>;
<![CDATA[Chandra Fadhillah]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Disaster Management Vol 5, No 1 (2022): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TDMRC, Universitas Syiah Kuala ]]>
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DOI: 10.24815/ijdm.v5i1.25372
<![CDATA[Peat and forest fire have become an annual disaster and one of which is due to low rainfall. The highest insecurity of forest and peatland fires thus occurs in the dry season, where rainfall is very low, and the intensity of the sun is high. The smoke and carbon emitted result in rising air temperatures and cause global warming. Mitigation and control measures before they happen are necessary. Weather Modification Technology (WMT) serves as one of the technological solutions to control forest fires by increasing rainfall in potentially affected locations. This study aims at examining the level of effectiveness of WMT performance in mitigating forest fires in Riau Province conducted in 2020 measured by rainfall intensity, hotspots decreased, and land water level increased. We used descriptive and inferential statistical approaches using Groundwater Level (GwL) measured data as the parameter for forest and land fire mitigation. The flammable peatland indicator is when the water level is lower than 40 cm below the surface of the peatland. In addition, we also utilized rainfall, surface peat water level, and hotspots. The study was conducted in Riau Province from July 24 – October 31, 2020. The results showed that the operation of WMT increased rainfall by 19.4% compared to the historical average in the same period. Rain triggered by WMT contributed to maintaining zero hotspots with a confidence level of 80%. The regression analysis of GwL to rainfall (RF) as depicted by Gwl = - 0.66 + 0.001 RF shows a positive correlation between the two. It thus confirms that WMT can be used as a technology to mitigate forest and land fire disasters.]]>
<![CDATA[Natural Landscape Planning as Tsunami Disaster Mitigation: A Case in Uleu Lheue, Banda Aceh, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Zya Dyena Meutia]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Disaster Management Vol 5, No 1 (2022): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TDMRC, Universitas Syiah Kuala ]]>
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DOI: 10.24815/ijdm.v5i1.22919
<![CDATA[Tsunami has changed the landscape of the area, the environmental order (spatial planning), and the structure of the Ulee Lheue Coastal area. The tsunami threat is substantial since the site's position is very close to the source of the disaster. The shape of the area is flat and does not have any protection (both natural and structural) to protect the land. Planning criteria in tsunami areas are essential to know and learn from previous disasters. Tsunami disasters have different characteristics in each site; thus, planning is mismanaged and ineffectively conducted. Planning is performed by applying the tsunami mitigation approach and the theory of landscape connectivity. One of the mitigation plans is planning a natural landscape in the form of vegetation. The vegetation in the research case study is in the coastal area of Uleu Lheue, which was still lacking after the tsunami hit this area in 2004. There are only mangroves in some areas, sea pine, tamarind trees, and low shrubs. Therefore, in planning a mitigation-based site, it is necessary to arrange vegetation to reduce the impact of a tsunami and condition the environment around the area. This research aims to integrate natural landscape planning based on tsunami mitigation and find natural vegetation or natural protection as a tsunami disaster mitigation and as a criterion in planning a coastal area based on tsunami disaster mitigation. From the results of the tsunami study, it is recommended that the case study area be freed from new development and mitigation strategies with buffers in the form of using vegetation zones (mangroves and the like). The planning applied using vegetation indicated to reduce the effects of the tsunami that hit the design area, among others, the tree category: Pandanus Odoratissimus, Casuarina equisetifolia, Hibiscus Tiliaceus, Tamarindus indica, Anacardium occidentale, bakau, nypah and waru.]]>
<![CDATA[Analytical Study of Urban Heat Spot Patterns in Colombo District from 1988 – 2019 based on Landsat Data ]]>
<![CDATA[Saumya Chathuranga]]>;
<![CDATA[Chandana Jayaratne]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Disaster Management Vol 5, No 1 (2022): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TDMRC, Universitas Syiah Kuala ]]>
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DOI: 10.24815/ijdm.v5i1.24081
<![CDATA[Researching on urban heat island (UHI) is a hot topic among urban designers due to its adverse impacts. This paper focuses on studying spatial and temporal dynamicity of surface UHI in the Colombo district based on correlations between land surface temperatures (LST) with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) using Landsat data from 1988 to 2019. Image processing and statistical analysis were done using QGIS Desktop 3.16.0 and RStudio softwares respectively. The mean of LSTs were continuously increasing from 1988 to 2019. The highest LSTs were observed at the Colombo harbour area in both 1997 and 2007. After initiation of the port city project in 2015, these values have been increased rapidly around the Colombo port city area. The expansion of UHI area was 71.55% between 1988 to 2019, and they were distributed from the western coastal belt to the east along with the central part of the district. The urban hot spots (UHS) were compacted at harbour and port city area. Additionally, new hot spots have been generated since 2017 adjacent to “Seethagama”. These small pockets are too hot and not very conducive for human settlements. Parking lots, compacted built-up areas, and ongoing industrial construction areas influence the formation of UHS. Considering this critical situation, it is highly recommended that to move mitigation strategies like urban greening methods, cooling pavements and cooling roofs, etc. These results could be used towards a well-designed urban planning system to maintain the ecological balance within the study area.]]>
<![CDATA[Analytical Study of Urban Heat Spot Patterns in Colombo District from 1988 2019 based on Landsat Data ]]>
<![CDATA[Chathuranga, Saumya]]>;
<![CDATA[Jayaratne, Chandana]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Disaster Management Vol 5, No 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TDMRC, Universitas Syiah Kuala ]]>
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DOI: 10.24815/ijdm.v5i1.24081
<![CDATA[Researching on urban heat island (UHI) is a hot topic among urban designers due to its adverse impacts. This paper focuses on studying spatial and temporal dynamicity of surface UHI in the Colombo district based on correlations between land surface temperatures (LST) with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) using Landsat data from 1988 to 2019. Image processing and statistical analysis were done using QGIS Desktop 3.16.0 and RStudio softwares respectively. The mean of LSTs were continuously increasing from 1988 to 2019. The highest LSTs were observed at the Colombo harbour area in both 1997 and 2007. After initiation of the port city project in 2015, these values have been increased rapidly around the Colombo port city area. The expansion of UHI area was 71.55% between 1988 to 2019, and they were distributed from the western coastal belt to the east along with the central part of the district. The urban hot spots (UHS) were compacted at harbour and port city area. Additionally, new hot spots have been generated since 2017 adjacent to Seethagama. These small pockets are too hot and not very conducive for human settlements. Parking lots, compacted built-up areas, and ongoing industrial construction areas influence the formation of UHS. Considering this critical situation, it is highly recommended that to move mitigation strategies like urban greening methods, cooling pavements and cooling roofs, etc. These results could be used towards a well-designed urban planning system to maintain the ecological balance within the study area.]]>
<![CDATA[The Levels of Physician Disaster Preparedness Based on the Tsunami Vulnerability Zones in Banda Aceh ]]>
<![CDATA[Suryadi, Taufik]]>;
<![CDATA[Qonita, Balqis]]>;
<![CDATA[Andayani, Hafni]]>;
<![CDATA[Pranata, Agung]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Disaster Management Vol 5, No 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TDMRC, Universitas Syiah Kuala ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.24815/ijdm.v5i1.22207
<![CDATA[Disasters caused by natural hazards may harm the health sector. It needs physician preparedness as a significant step in disaster risk reduction efforts and is expected to obtain an adequate response when a disaster occurs. This study aimed to determine the level of physician preparedness at the public health center (PHC) to face a tsunami caused by an earthquake based on the vulnerability zones. This research method is observational analytic with a cross-sectional design using a questionnaire developed by LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR adjusted to the core competencies and sub-competencies for disaster medicine and public health. The samples were collected in total sampling. The results show that most respondents have a preparedness index with categories almost prepare and not prepare, each of 12 respondents from a total of 42 people who participated in this study (28.56%). The physician from zone III has the best preparedness, and the physician from zone I are at least prepared for disasters. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test obtained p-value 0.646 (p 0.05). The conclusion was found that there was no significant difference between the levels of physician preparedness at the PHC facing tsunami disasters based on the tsunami vulnerability zone in Banda Aceh.]]>
<![CDATA[Role of Government and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Cyclone Recovery in Bangladesh ]]>
<![CDATA[Nawaz, Shahpara]]>;
<![CDATA[Kabir, Md. Humayain]]>;
<![CDATA[Hossen, Md. Nazmul]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Disaster Management Vol 5, No 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TDMRC, Universitas Syiah Kuala ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
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Check in Google Scholar
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DOI: 10.24815/ijdm.v5i1.25189
<![CDATA[Immediate relief distribution activities are primarily focused on after a cyclonic event in Bangladesh, where proper long-term recovery and rehabilitation efforts are not strategized with much significance. This study concentrated on understanding and assessing the status and effectiveness of the post-cyclone recovery programmes to improve the lives of cyclone-affected households in southwestern Bangladesh. This study aims to examine the status and efficiency of Government and Non-government organisations (NGO) led cyclone recovery programmes for cyclone SIDR and cyclone AILA and identify the challenges that hindered the successful implementation of effective recovery programmes. The study reviewed existing literature on cyclone recovery in Bangladesh, including government and NGO reports, and conducted focus group discussions on cyclone-affected Dacope Upazila of Khulna. The finding indicates that the cyclone-affected community in southwestern Bangladesh has not recovered satisfactorily across all sectors and timescales from cyclone damages and continues to live in vulnerable conditions even after a decade of cyclonic events. The adopted recovery measures were not efficient and effective in returning to the everyday lifestyle of the affected people. Planned and coordinated recovery efforts should be executed with proper monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of post-cyclone recovery programmes.]]>
<![CDATA[Contribution of Weather Modification Technology for Forest and Peatland Fire Mitigation in Riau Province ]]>
<![CDATA[Tukiyat, Tukiyat]]>;
<![CDATA[Sakya, Andi Eka]]>;
<![CDATA[Widodo, F. Heru]]>;
<![CDATA[Fadhillah, Chandra]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Disaster Management Vol 5, No 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TDMRC, Universitas Syiah Kuala ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
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Original Source
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DOI: 10.24815/ijdm.v5i1.25372
<![CDATA[Peat and forest fire have become an annual disaster and one of which is due to low rainfall. The highest insecurity of forest and peatland fires thus occurs in the dry season, where rainfall is very low, and the intensity of the sun is high. The smoke and carbon emitted result in rising air temperatures and cause global warming. Mitigation and control measures before they happen are necessary. Weather Modification Technology (WMT) serves as one of the technological solutions to control forest fires by increasing rainfall in potentially affected locations. This study aims at examining the level of effectiveness of WMT performance in mitigating forest fires in Riau Province conducted in 2020 measured by rainfall intensity, hotspots decreased, and land water level increased. We used descriptive and inferential statistical approaches using Groundwater Level (GwL) measured data as the parameter for forest and land fire mitigation. The flammable peatland indicator is when the water level is lower than 40 cm below the surface of the peatland. In addition, we also utilized rainfall, surface peat water level, and hotspots. The study was conducted in Riau Province from July 24 October 31, 2020. The results showed that the operation of WMT increased rainfall by 19.4% compared to the historical average in the same period. Rain triggered by WMT contributed to maintaining zero hotspots with a confidence level of 80%. The regression analysis of GwL to rainfall (RF) as depicted by Gwl = - 0.66 + 0.001 RF shows a positive correlation between the two. It thus confirms that WMT can be used as a technology to mitigate forest and land fire disasters.]]>
<![CDATA[Natural Landscape Planning as Tsunami Disaster Mitigation: A Case in Uleu Lheue, Banda Aceh, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Meutia, Zya Dyena]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Disaster Management Vol 5, No 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[TDMRC, Universitas Syiah Kuala ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
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Check in Google Scholar
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DOI: 10.24815/ijdm.v5i1.22919
<![CDATA[Tsunami has changed the landscape of the area, the environmental order (spatial planning), and the structure of the Ulee Lheue Coastal area. The tsunami threat is substantial since the site's position is very close to the source of the disaster. The shape of the area is flat and does not have any protection (both natural and structural) to protect the land. Planning criteria in tsunami areas are essential to know and learn from previous disasters. Tsunami disasters have different characteristics in each site; thus, planning is mismanaged and ineffectively conducted. Planning is performed by applying the tsunami mitigation approach and the theory of landscape connectivity. One of the mitigation plans is planning a natural landscape in the form of vegetation. The vegetation in the research case study is in the coastal area of Uleu Lheue, which was still lacking after the tsunami hit this area in 2004. There are only mangroves in some areas, sea pine, tamarind trees, and low shrubs. Therefore, in planning a mitigation-based site, it is necessary to arrange vegetation to reduce the impact of a tsunami and condition the environment around the area. This research aims to integrate natural landscape planning based on tsunami mitigation and find natural vegetation or natural protection as a tsunami disaster mitigation and as a criterion in planning a coastal area based on tsunami disaster mitigation. From the results of the tsunami study, it is recommended that the case study area be freed from new development and mitigation strategies with buffers in the form of using vegetation zones (mangroves and the like). The planning applied using vegetation indicated to reduce the effects of the tsunami that hit the design area, among others, the tree category: Pandanus Odoratissimus, Casuarina equisetifolia, Hibiscus Tiliaceus, Tamarindus indica, Anacardium occidentale, bakau, nypah and waru.]]>
