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Journal of Global Pharma Technology
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 09758542     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
ournal of Global Pharma Technology is a monthly, open access, Peer review journal of Pharmacy published by JGPT Journal publishes peer-reviewed original research papers, case reports and systematic reviews. The journal allows free access to its contents, which is likely to attract more readers and citations to articles published in JGPT. JGPT publishes original research work that contributes significantly to the scientific knowledge in pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences- Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Technology, Cosmeticology, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacognosy, Natural Product Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacology, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology and Applied Computer Technology. For this purpose we would like to ask you to contribute your excellent papers in pharmaceutical sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
Articles 1,093 Documents
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Tetanus Combined Immunization with Tetraxim and Pentaxim in Children from 3 Months to 4 Years Alla Philippova
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 6.
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

The causative organism of tetanus is the Clostridium tetani. Immunization is one of the effective methods of disease prevention, which is carried out from the first 2 months of life. Further vaccination continues, in combination with the measles vaccine. Thus, tetanus in modern medicine is one of the elements of the combined vaccinations. 300 children were vaccinated hosted by the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Hospital № 2 in Moscow (Russian Federation) during the first six months of 2017. The age interval of children is from 3 months to 4 years. 2100 vaccinations were carried out, 1810 of which were vaccinations with Pentaxim, and the rest with Tetraxim.  255 children (85% of all), immunization program with Tetraxim was prolonged after the Pentaxim vaccinations. This is due to the fact that the first immunization occurs in half of a year. The reasons for this are in the social incompetency of the most parents as they begin immunization from 6 months, not from 3. The proposed drugs showed high-potency in children of different age groups and in state of health. Tetraxim and Pentaxim are applicable for children with allergies, as well as with CNS involvement. Moreover, they can be included in combination vaccines against such diseases as whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae b. It is due to the same components used, namely DTwP, IPV.
Anti-Leishmanial Activity of the Leaves of Hyoscyam using Extraction Promastigotes of Leismania Major In-Vitro Mahmoodreza Behravan
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

Background and aim Protozoan of Leishmaniasppisaagent of disease of cetaceous leishmaniasis (or tropical sore) and kala-azarworldwide. Due to the prevalence of leishmaniasisin different parts of the world and in Iran, and considering that pentavalent antimony compounds for the treatment of disease has severalside effects, the use of medicinal plants is emphasized. By increasing drug resistance in the treatment of diseases especially parasitic diseases, as well as the existence of the side effects of chemical compounds, the use of herbal medicines has been increased in the treatment of parasitic diseases worldwide. Method and Material In this experimental study, first the alcoholic and hydro extract of the fresh, dried and powdered plant was provided by the method of distillation with water vapor and then various concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg/ml of the extract were added to the culture environment containing promastigotes of Leis mania major. After adding extract at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours the number of live parasites was evaluated and numeratedby MTT colorimetric method and using the Neuberger slide. Results The results of the research showed there isa significant reduction in the number of parasites of Leishmaniain terms of time; that has been created in response to extract Hyoscyamusniger. So in investigating the effect of plant extract of Hyoscyamusnigeronpromastigotes of Leis mania major in concentration 4theparasite existing in vitro was almost equal to zero. All examined concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg/ml) of this extract have caused to reduce the number of parasites of leis mania. Conclusion This extract has had very favorable effect on extract promastigotesofLeishmania major and could destroy almost all parasites present in the culture environment and therefore this plant can be used as the successor of the Glucan time drug in the treatment of leishmaniasisdisease.Keywords: Leishmania major, Hyoscyamusniger, MTT, In-vitro.
Evaluating Factors Influencing the Urban Waste Production Using Vikor Model and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Analysis (Case Study: Gilan Province) Camelia Alavi
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

Solid wastes are inseparable part of human life, and production of these wastes in different quantities and qualities is one of the greatest environmental problems of current age. Different factors influence production of urban wastes, which identifying these factors and determining the importance of them make it possible to take necessary steps in this regard. Economic, social, and weather factors in each region can have a direct impact on waste production. Gilan province is one of the northern provinces of Iran. In light of its geographical and climatic conditions, it hosts great number of travelers every year, resulting in increased production of wastes in this province. On the other hand, the specific situation and conditions of this province, because of its proximity to Caspian Sea and high possibility of its contamination, developing an appropriate plan for waste management seems to be an essential. Thus, different factors influencing the production of urban waste in Gilan province were identified using previous studies and experiences of experts in this area, and they were weighted using fuzzy hierarchy analysis method. Finally, VIKOR model that is a multi-criterion decision model was used to prioritize them. Accordingly, information related to family income, GDP, population, family size, temperature, and wastes produced in Gilan province was collected, and the correlation coefficient of each of these factors with wastes produced in Gilan province was obtained. Findings revealed direct impact of family income, population, temperature, increasing daytime, and marginalization on waste production in Gilan province, while the social class and media education in Gilan province had a reverse impact on waste production. After prioritizing the methods, findings revealed that the first method, namely, recycling and compost, and the third method, namely, appropriate landfilling are the most suitable methods for this region, considering its geographical situation.Keywords: Effective factors, Urban wastes, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Model, Fuzzy VIKOR method.
Genetic Association between Xeroderma Pigmentosum Polymorphism Rs2228000 with Staging and Development of Bladder Cancer Saleh Ali Al-Qadoori
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

Background: Bladder Cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in males worldwide, and the second in Iraq. XPC Repair Gene polymorphism may cause a reduction in DNA repair capacity and influence an individual’s susceptibility to bladder cancer and the prognosis of the disease. Objective: To investigate the influence of active tobacco smoking on human DNA repair gene XPC rs2228000 polymorphism in patients with bladder cancer and the impact of XPC polymorphism C>T to the staging and development of the disease. Methods: A total of 62 of histo-pathologically confirmed diagnosed bladder cancer patients, and 38 age-matched healthy controls were involved in the study. All were recruited from February to September 2017 in a case-control study conducted in the Department of Biochemistry at the College of Medicine University of Baghdad. Genotyping of the XPC rs2228000 (C>T) was evaluated using a polymerase chain reaction and by Sanger sequencing method. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated as a measure of the combined effect of cigarette smoking, and DNA Double-Strand breaks Repair Gene XPC Polymorphism on bladder cancer risk, staging, and development.  Result: Heterozygous genotype of the XPC rs2228000 (C>T) showed a significant increase in bladder cancer risk OR (95% CI) = 2.75 (1.0-7.2), p value<0.05. Also, the study found that patients with the polymorphic allele (T genotype) have significantly increased the risk of bladder cancer (OR, 2.7; *p = 0.02). A statistically highly significant increased bladder cancer risk in the smoker with T Allele (OR, 4.3; **p = 0.004). Moreover, T Allele genotypes were also observed to be associated with a significantly increased risk of T1 (OR, 3.9; **p = 0.005). Conclusion: The study suggests that having polymorphic gene genotype of DNA Repair Gene XPC rs2228000 could increase the risk of bladder cancer and also affect the development and staging of the disease while having the genotype could decrease the risk of bladder cancer and increase the survival rate of bladder cancer patients.Keywords: Bladder Cancer, XPC, Rs2228000, Polymorphism.
Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation and Antibacterial Activity Identification of Stems of Calotropis procera Plant in Iraq by GC. MS Estabraq H. Naser
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 05.
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Abstract

Calotropis procera is a plant from Asclepiadaceae family. The preliminary phytochemical investigation of C. procera stems exhibit its high contents of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, while terpenoids, and reducing sugar are in lower percent. Its previously used in treatment of many diseases such as cough, bronchitis, ascites, asthma, eczema, leprosy, cutaneous diseases, and intestinal worms. GC. MS analysis of stems ethanolic extract showed that the highest percent in 100% ethanolic stems extract belongs to Octadecanoic acid 20.33%, Hexa-hydro-farnesol 6.16%, and Linolenic acid ethyl ester 39.59 while the highest percent in 70% ethanolic stems extract belongs to (-)-Vincadifformine 17.13%, Dodecanoic acid 13.97%, Methyl arachidonate 9.01%, and (+)-α-Tocopherol 6.66%. The others chemical compounds percent range from about 5%-0.3%. The antibacterial activity of stems of Calotropis procera plant compared with streptomycin as standard antibiotic against four different types of bacteria revealed that the ethanolic extracts have no effect on Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas sp. While these extracts have ability to kill Staphylococcus aureus, and Basillus subtilis bacteria which are more sensitive.Keywords: Usher, GC. MS, Calotropis Procera, phytochemical, Sodom apple, Antibacterial.
Inhibition of KRAS Gene Using Different Biochemical Active Compounds Saif Qahtan Salman
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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The KRAS gene is classified as a type of genes called oncogenes. In case of mutation oncogenes have an ability to stimulate the proliferation in cells and make them cancerous. The mutation at 12th position changing the existing amino acid to arginine has been reported in lung cancer. KRAS gene expresses a protein that known as KR as which play a role in signaling pathway called RAS/MAPK. The role of the protein is to transfers signals into the nucleus of the cells. Which are responsible of cell growth and proliferation? In this study, Kras protein sequence, stucture and functional analysis were performed. The antioxidants selected for the study are ascorbic acid, 3, 7, dihydroxyflavone, is oflavone and quercetin. The chemical structures of those antioxidants were studied to be used for binding to the mutational site of KRAS. Based on the binding efficiency the best antioxidant which can be used in lung cancer treatment is determined.Keywords: KRAS gene, Kr as protein, Antioxidants, Ascorbic acid, 3, 7, Dihydroxyflavone, Isoflavone, quercetin.
The Effectiveness of Socialization-media in Improving the Knowledge of Children and Teenager toward Cigarette in Denpasar, Bali Ida Ayu Jasminarti Dwi Kusumawardani
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 01.
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Background: Prevalence of children and teenagers smoker in Indonesia was more than 45%. This shows the gap between results and efforts of the Indonesian government to reduce tobacco cigarette consumption rate through various programs. Method: Aim of this study was to determine the level of children and teenager knowledge about cigarettes and to measure the effectiveness of socialization media improving their knowledge. This research was held in SMP Negeri 10 Denpasar and SD No. 12 Padangsambian. Design of study was cross-sectional experimental with cluster sampling. The sample size was 203 subjects divided into six groups. The study consists of a pre-test, intervention, and post-test. Level of knowledge about cigarette was determined by questionnaire and divided into 3 levels (good, average, and poor). Interactive communication was given to three groups of students, and the other got advertisement video as an intervention.  Result: The overall level of knowledge among children and teenager was good (50.2%), average (37.4%), and poor (12.3%). Level of knowledge among SD No. 12 Padangsambian students was good (42.1%), average (42.8%), and poor (15.2%). While in SMPN 10 Denpasar 70.7% of them was good, average (24.1%), and poor (5.2%). There was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test in the advertisement video intervention group (P>0.05). An increasing number of students with good knowledge was found in interactive communication intervention such as: group I (58%; p <0.05), group II (21.2%; p <0.05), group III (23.2%; p <0.05). Conclusion: Interactive communication could be used as media socialization to increase the knowledge of children and teenager about cigarettes and its negative impact on human health.Keywords: Cigarette, Knowledge, Socialization, Media, Children, Teenager.
Synthesis and Preliminary Antibacterial Effects of New 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazoles Zeid Hassan Abood
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 02 (2020) Feb. 2020
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4-aminobenzoyl hydrazide [I] was reacted with carbon disulfide in the existence of potassium hydroxide in ethyl alcohol to give 5-(4-aminophenyl)-2-thiol-1,3,4-oxadiazole [II]. The initiator aldehyde [III] was prepared via coupling reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with the corresponding diazonium salt of compound [II]. Aldehyde [III] was condensed with some anilines including (3-bromoaniline, 4-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol, 2-aminophenol, 4-methoxyaniline, 2, 4-dimethylaniline and 4-acetamidoaniline) utilizing microwave irradiation technique in ethyl alcohol to yield seven imines [IV] a-g. Treatment of imines [IV]a-g with phthalic anhydride in microwave oven gave seven 1,3-benzoxazepine-4,7-diones derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole [V]a-g. The antibacterial activities for the desired compounds were investigated on bacteria, Staphylococcus aurous and Escherichia coli. The results showed that the synthesized 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles (compounds [V]a, [V]b, [V]c, [V]d and [V]e expressed better activity to gentamycin athwart positive bacteria. On the other hand, the 1,3-oxazepine-4,7-diones [V]a, [V]b, [V]c, [V]d, [V]f and [V]g exhibited greater effect against negative bacteria in comparison with that of the control drug (Gentamycin).Keywords: 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazoles, Benzoxazepines, Imines, Cycloaddition, Antibacterial action.
Study Effect of Kinetin, Bio-fertilizers and Organic Matter Application in Lettuce under Salt Stress Zaahra. Z. Majid
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Salinity causes cellular damage and limits crop productivity, by reduces water availability of plant roots via negative osmosis potential, salinity affects. The present study aims to mitigate the adverse effects of soil salinity in lettuce through organic composts like Plam fronds and Rice wastes   with exogenous applications like Kinetin and Bio-fertilizers. field experiment designed  to study the effect of irrigation water quality ,organic composts  ,kinetin and Bio-health application in N.P and K contents in leaves and anti-oxidant enzymes activity  of lettuce  , The experiment included 54 treatments with three factors  The first factor represents the salinity of irrigation water (W) at two  levels (1.2,  6.1) ds m-1 ), The second factor represents the kinds of organic composts (Palm fronds and Rice wastes) 20 ton /hectare to each one. The third factor represented the kinetin application (50 mg.L-1) and Bio-Health fertilizers (5kg/ hectare). The results show elevated water salinity levels led to elevation in activity of POX ,CAT, MDA,SOD enzymes and proline contents in leaves, while resulting decrease in leave contents of ( N.P.K) and the total yield, marketing yield and marketing head weight, Organic composts , kinetin and bio-health applications alleviated from the negative effects of saline water by increasing the total yield, marketing yield and marketing head weight and  (NPK) contents in leaves ,reduced POX ,CAT, MDA,SOD and proline ,except bio-health applications increased POX ,CAT, MDA,SOD  activities, That possible to mitigation the negative effect of salt stress by some application like exogenous plant growth Regulators , bio fertilizers and decomposed organic matter to solve the disruption of endohormons and lack of available nutrients under salt stress, and elevation of osmotic stress in soil solution in roots area, the study applications improved the growth and it has increased the lettuce tolerance to the salt  stress.Keywords: Salt stress, lettuce, Kinetin, Organic composts, Bio-heath, bio-fertilizers.
Optimization of Factors Affecting Iontophoretic Drug Delivery of Diltiazem Hydrochloride Using Factorial Design Jasmin Jayantilal Garala
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Gel formulation of Diltiazem hydrochloride was prepared using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose polymer and Dimethyl sulfoxide as a permeation enhancer. Ethanol was added as a co-solvent for proper mixing of Dimethyl sulfoxide in gel. Four factors related to iontophoretic delivery like drug concentration, permeation enhancer concentration, quantity of applied electric current and area of application were optimized using fractional factorial design (24-1). Twelve formulations of Diltiazem hydrochloride gel were prepared and evaluated for in-vitro drug release study using modified diffusion cell. Steady state flux (Jss) for all prepared formulations were calculated as a response and data was evaluated using Design-Expert® software. Based on optimization results final optimized formulation was prepared by using drug concentration of 2.56 % w/w, permeation enhancer concentration of 5% w/w, 0.49 mA current and 1.50cm2 of application area and evaluated for in-vitro iontophoresis using diffusion cell. Steady state flux was found to be 296 μg/h cm2 which was closer to the targeted theoretical Jss (300 μg/h cm2). Desired therapeutic concentration of Diltiazem hydrochloride was achieved by optimizing various factors affecting iontophoretic drug delivery. Iontophoretic drug delivery of Diltiazem hydrochloride using gel formulation is possible. Keywords: Permeation enhancer, Iontophoresis, Factorial design, Steady state flux.

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