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Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 01264451 EISSN : 24773751 DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.28284

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Environmental Science

Focusing on aspects of forestry and environments, both basic and applied. The Journal intended as a medium for communicating and motivating research activities through scientific papers, including research papers, short communications, and reviews

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Ekologi

Articles 6 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 2 (2014)" : 6 Documents clear

Pengaruh Suhu dan Metode Perlakuan Panas terhadap Sifat Fisika dan Kualitas Finishing Kayu Mahoni Ragil Widyorini; Khusnul Khotimah; Tibertius Agus Prayitno
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 8, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Perlakuan panas dikenal sebagai metode yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas dimensi dan menurunkan higroskopisitas. Di sisi lain, perlakuan panas dapat membuat warna kayu menjadi lebih gelap, penurunan sifat mekanika kayu, dan sifat wetabilitas kayu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai perlakuan panas pada kondisi yang optimum sangat menarik untuk dilakukan agar menghasilkan kayu dengan kualitas yang lebih baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh interaksi suhu dan metode perlakuan panas terhadap sifat fisika dan kualitas finishing kayu mahoni. Contoh uji perlakuan dibuat dari kayu mahoni yang berasal dari industri penggergajian kayu rakyat. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 metode perlakuan panas yaitu metode oven dan penguapan (steaming) pada variasi suhu 90°C, 120°C, dan 150°C selama 2 jam waktu efektif. Pengujian sifat fisika diuji berdasarkan standar ASTM, yang meliputi : kadar air seimbang, perubahan dimensi, perubahan warna, dan wetabilitas. Pengujian finishing meliputi cross cut test, uji delaminasi, dan uji kekilapan (glossy test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara suhu dan metode perlakuan panas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap perubahan warna, serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap penyusutan radial, cross cut test, dan uji delaminasi. Metode oven menghasilkan contoh uji dengan kadar air dan pengembangan radial yang lebih rendah, warna yang lebih terang, serta uji delaminasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode penguapan.Kata kunci: perlakuan panas, metode oven, metode penguapan, suhu, finishing Effect of temperature and heat treatment on physical properties and finishing quality of mahagony woodAbstractHeat treatment is well known as a method for increasing dimensional stability and reducing hygroscopicity of wood. However, heat tratment can cause the color of wood become darker and reduce the wettability, as well as its mechanical properties. Therefore, the optimum condition of heat treatment is essential to be studied to obtain the high quality of properties treated wood. This research focused on investigating the heating temperature and treatment method on physical properties and finishing quality of mahagony wood. Two treatment methods, i.e. oven method and steaming method, were used in this research. The heating temperatures were set at 90°C, 120°C, and 150°C. The effective heating time was 2 h. The wood physical properties were tested according to ASTM standards and wood finishing quality were tested for its cross cut, delamination, and glossy test. The results showed that interaction between treatment method and heating temperature affected significantly on the change in color, radial shrinkage, cross cut test, and delamination test. Oven method resulted in reducing moisture content and radial shrinkage, light color, and better quality of wood, compared to steaming method.

Studi Mutu Kayu Jati di Hutan Rakyat Gunungkidul III. Sifat Fisika Kayu Sri Nugroho Marsoem; Vendy Eko Prasetyo; Joko Sulistyo; Sudaryono Sudaryono; Ganis Lukmandaru
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 8, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi sifat fisika kayu dari pohon jati yang tumbuh di 3 tempat berbeda (Panggang, Playen, Nglipar) hutan rakyat di kabupaten Gunungkidul. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar air segar (KAS), kerapatan dasar (KD), dan penyusutan linier maupun volumetrik. Sebanyak 3 pohon di tiap lokasi ditebang kemudian tiap pohon dibagi menjadi 3 potongan di posisi aksial yaitu pangkal, tengah, dan ujung. Tiap potongan tersebut kemudian dibagi 3 dalam posisi radial yaitu dekat hati, tengah, dan dekat kulit. Kisaran nilai KD dan KAS adalah 504-672 kg/cm3 dan 47-125%, secara berturutan. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan sampel Playen bagian ujung cenderung memberikan nilai rerata KD lebih tinggi demikian juga bagian dekat kulit pada arah radial. Sampel Nglipar memberikan nilai kisaran KAS paling rendah (47-70%) sedangkan pada posisi radial nilai rerata tertinggi diamati di dekat hati (100,51%). Kisaran nilai penyusutan longitudinal, radial, dan tangensial adalah 0,39-0,88%; 2,75-3,93%; dan 4,30-6,68%, secara berturutan. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan pengaruh faktor tempat tumbuh dimana sampel Nglipar memberikan nilai penyusutan longitudinal dan tangensial terendah. Nilai penyusutan total dalam kisaran 5,26-15,07%, sedangkan perbandingan penyusutan tangensial dan radial (rasio T/R) antara 1,38-2,13. Secara umum, kerapatan dasar yang diukur mempunyai nilai yang tidak jauh dengan nilai dari beberapa penelitian terhadap jati konvensional serta lebih tinggi dari beberapa jati unggul dari kultur jaringan pohon umur muda. Perlu diperhatikan adalah tingginya penyusutan dan ketidakstabilan dimensi yang diukur di beberapa sampel dalam eksperimen ini.Kata kunci: Tectona grandis, sifat fisika, kerapatan dasar, hutan rakyat, GunungkidulA study of teak wood quality from community forests in Gunungkidul III. Physical propertiesAbstractThe objective of this work is to explore the variation of physical properties of wood from teak trees grown in 3 different sites (Panggang, Playen, Nglipar) from community forests of Gunungkidul Regency. The measured parameters were green moisture content (GMC), basic density (BD), and linear as well as volumetric shrinkage. The three trees were collected at each site then were divided into three axial parts i.e. base, center, and top of the trees. Further, each axial part was divided into 3 radial positions i.e. near pith, middle, and near bark. The range of BD and GMC values were 504-672 kg/cm3 and 47-125%, consecutively. The result of analysis of variance showed that samples of Playen at the top parts tended to give higher average values of all physical properties measured as well as the samples at near bark of radial position. Samples from Nglipar exhibited the lowest range of GMC values (47-70%) whereas the highest values in the radial direction were observed in the near pith samples (100.51%). The range values of longitudinal, radial and tangential shrinkage were 0.39-0.88%; 2.75-3.93%; and 4.30-6.68%, respectively. By analysis of variance, site factor significantly affected of which samples of Nglipar showed the lowest levels of longitudinal and tangential shrinkage. The total shrinkage values were 5.26-15.07% as the T/R ratio were 1.38-2.13. In general, the BD levels of teak from Gunungkidul were comparable to those reported for conventional for teaks plantation and higher than those of young tissues cultural teaks. However, attention should be taken as the high magnitude of shrinkage as well as dimensional stability showed by several samples in this experiment.

Pemilihan Jenis Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu Potensial dalam Rangka Rehabilitasi Hutan Lindung (Studi Kasus Kawasan Hutan Lindung KPHL Rinjani Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat) Ogi Setiawan; Krisnawati Krisnawati
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 8, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Salah satu strategi dalam upaya rehabilitasi hutan lindung adalah pemilihan jenis Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK) yang tepat. Selain sesuai dengan lokasi yang akan direhabilitasi, jenis HHBK yang dipilih juga harus mempunyai potensi manfaat secara ekologi sehingga fungsi pokok hutan lindung terjaga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis pemilihan jenis-jenis HHBK potensial dalam rangka rehabilitasi hutan lindung dengan mengambil studi kasus di hutan lindung KPHL Rinjani Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu persiapan (pengumpulan data pendukung dan desk study), pengamatan lapangan (biofisik dan sistem perakaran jenis HHBK), dan analisis data (kesesuaian jenis, nilai Indeks Jangkar Akar dan Indeks Cengkeram Akar). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan jenis HHBK potensial dapat didasarkan pada tingkat kesesuaian jenis di kawasan yang akan direhabilitasi dan potensi sistem perakarannya dalam mencegah longsor dan erosi. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh jenis HHBK yang potensial dikembangkan dalam kerangka rehabilitasi hutan lindung di KPHL Rinjani Barat adalah jenis HHBK penghasil buah seperti durian, mangga, manggis, sukun, alpukat, sawo, dan kemiri. Jenis HHBK sebagai sumber bahan bakar nabati yaitu nyamplung dan penghasil minyak atsiri yaitu kayu putih. Beberapa faktor pembatas yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pengembangan jenis potensial tersebut adalah kemiringan lereng yang curam, tanah dengan tekstur didominasi fraksi pasir dan rendahnya unsur hara, serta iklim berupa bulan kering yang cukup panjang. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi dampak faktor pembatas ini adalah penerapan teknik konservasi tanah air, pemanfaatan pupuk organik, dan pemanfaatan mikoriza.Kata kunci: HHBK, hutan lindung, rehabilitasi, sistem perakaran, Rinjani Barat Selection of Non-Timber Forest Products species for protected forest rehabilitation (Case study in protected forest of Rinjani Barat Forest Management Unit, West Nusa Tenggara ProvinceAbstractOne of the strategies in protected forest rehabilitation is selecting proper Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) species. The selected NTFPs species should have an ecological function to maintain the sustainability of protected forest services. The research aimed to conduct an analysis of NTFPs selection in protected forest rehabilitation framework. The study was located in Rinjani Barat Forest Management Unit (FMU), West Nusa Tenggara Province. The research consisted of three steps, which were preparation (collecting supported data and desk study), field observation (biophysics and root characteristics of NTFPs), and data analysis (species suitability, Index Root Anchoring, and Index Root Binding). The result of the research showed that selection of NTFPs potentials could be based on suitability level in rehabilitation site and roots system prospects, especially in landslide and erosion control. The selected NTFPs species, which were suitable for protected forest rehabilitation in Rinjani Barat FMU, were fruit species such as Durio zibethinus, Mangifera indica, Garcinia mangostana, Arthocarpus altilis, Persea americana, Achras zapota, and Aleuritas moluccana; source of biofuel species such as Callophylum inophylum; and source of essential oil species such as Melaleuca leucadendron. There were some constrain factors in the utilization of the NTFPs species for protected forest rehabilitation, including steep slope, soil texture dominated by sand fraction, low soil nutrients, and long period of dry month. These constrain factors could be minimized by implementing soil conservation techniques and utilizing of organic fertilizer and mychorriza.

Produktivitas Talas (Colocasia esculenta L. Shott) di Bawah Tiga Jenis Tegakan dengan Sistem Agroforestri di Lahan Hutan Rakyat Aris Sudomo; Aditya Hani
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 8, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Tanaman talas (Colocasia esculenta L. Shott ) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang merupakan jenis tanaman pangan fungsional. Tanaman talas menurut Permenhut P.35/2007 tentang Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu termasuk dalam kelompok tanaman pati-patian. Berdasarkan pengetahuan lokal yang masyarakat miliki, agrofrestri talas telah diaplikasikan di lahan-lahan kering hutan rakyat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas talas di bawah beberapa jenis tegakan hutan rakyat dengan sistem agroforestri. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan obsevasi lapangan. Jenis agroforestri yang diteliti adalah agroforestri sengon+talas, jabon+talas, manglid+talas serta monokultur talas sebagai kontrol. Pengukuran pertumbuhan dan produksi dilakukan terhadap sampel tanaman talas. Pengukuran pertumbuhan meliputi pertumbuhan tinggi, jumlah daun,berat basah batang dan daun, berat kering batang dan daun. Parameter produktivitas talas adalah berat basah umbi dan berat kering umbi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis tegakan berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman bawah talas dalam sistem agrofrestri. Jenis tegakan jabon memberikan hasil biomassa tanaman talas (366,57 g/tanaman) paling baik dibanding pada tegakan sengon (266,15 g/tanaman), manglid (175,64 g kg/tanaman) dan monokultur (182,98 g/tanaman). Intensitas cahaya di bawah tegakan jabon dalam sistem agroforestri adalah 41,17%. Jenis tegakan berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman bawah talas dalam sistem agrofrestri. Jenis tegakan jabon memberikan hasil produksi berupa berat basah dan berat kering umbi talas (2.333,0 g/tanaman/ 884,3 g/tanaman) paling baik dibanding di bawah tegakan sengon (1.597,0 g/tanaman/ 535,7 g/tanaman), manglid (607,6 g/tanaman/ 213,6 g/tanaman) dan monokultur talas (739,4 g/tanaman/ 256,3 g/tanaman).Kata kunci: agroforestri, hutan rakyat, produktivitas, tegakan, talas hutan.Productivity of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Shott) under three species stands using agroforestry system in community forest siteAbstractTaro (Colocasia esculenta L. Shott ) is a functional food plant. Based on Permenhut P.35/2007 with regard to Non Wood Forest Product, taro is categorized as a starch plant. According to the knowledge of local people, the agroforestry of taro has been applied on dry land of private forest. The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth and productivity of taro under three tree species of the private forest using agroforestry system. Survey and field observation were conducted in this research. Agroforestry systems were observed on sengon+taro, jabon+taro, manglid+taro, and monoculture of taro as a control. Growth and production of taro plants were measured, including height growth, number of leaves, wet and dry weight of leaves and stems. Wet and dry weight of tuber were recorded to calculate the taro production. Tree species showed significant effects on growth and production of taro plant in agroforestry system. The highest biomass of taro (366.57 g/plant) was found under jabon species, followed by sengon (266.15 g/plant), manglid (175.64 g/plant), and taro monoculture (182.98 g/plant), respectively. The light intensity under jabon tree in agroforestry system was 41.17%. The highest production of wet and dry weight of taro tuber were 2,333.0 g/plant and 884.3 g/plant, which was resulted under jabon stands, followed by under sengon stands (1,597.0 g/plant and 535.7 g/plant), under manglid stands (607.6 g/plant and 213.6 g/plant) and monoculture (739.4 g/plant and 256.3 g/plant), respectively.

Kandungan Unsur Hara dalam Daun Jati yang Baru Jatuh pada Tapak yang Berbeda Haryono Supriyono; Daryono Prehaten
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 8, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Seresah di lantai hutan memegang peranan penting dalam menjaga produktivitas dan kelestarian hutan selain dapat mengendalikan erosi, mempengaruhi daur hidrologi dan unsur hara juga berfungsi sebagai penyimpan karbon. Kandungan unsur hara dalam seresah/daun sangat dipengaruhi oleh: spesies, genetik, bahan induk, tanah, dan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan unsur-unsur hara C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, dan Cu dalam seresah daun jati yang baru jatuh pada beberapa tapak. Sampel seresah (daun) diambil dari tanaman jati berumur 10 tahun, dari klon-klon unggul yang berasal dari tapak yang berbeda di Jawa. Analisis C dilakukan dengan metode Walkley dan Black dan N dengan metode Kjeldahl. Analisis P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, dan Cu dilakukan dengan mengekstrak sampel dengan campuran asam keras (HClO4 + HNO3), P terekstrak diukur dengan spektrofotometer sedangkan unsur logam dengan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan C tidak jauh berbeda berkisar 46,49-52,32%, sedangkan kandungan N dan P agak berbeda dengan nilai 0,52-1,28% dan 0,04-0,14%, sedangkan kandungan K, Ca, dan Mg agak berbeda secara berturutan mempunyai nilai 0,06-0,52%, 1,69-2,64% dan 0,10-0,45%, sedangkan Na hampir tidak berbeda berkisar antara 0,018-0,025%. Kandungan Fe dan Mn mempunyai perbedaan yang cukup besar berkisar antara 185-898 ppm dan 63-202 ppm, sedangkan Cu dan Zn tidak banyak berbeda berkisar antara 54-126 ppm dan 32-58 ppm. Hubungan antara kadar unsur yang bersifat mobile (C, N, dan P) pada seresah dan tanah tidak menunjukkan tren yang nyata, sebaliknya unsur yang bersifat immobile (K, Ca, Mg, dan Na) selalu konsisten antara kadar unsur hara di seresah dengan kadar unsur hara di tanah.Kata kunci: : jati, seresah daun, unsur hara, tapak, JawaNutrients content from new fallen leaves of teak from different sitesAbstractLitter on forest floor plays a very important role to maintain forest productivity and sustainability. The litter can control soil erosion, hydrology and nutrient cycles and has a function as carbon storage. The nutrients content in the leaf litter is affected by species, genetic, parent material, soil and climate. The objective of this research was to investigate the nutrient content of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, and Cu in the litter from different sites. The newly fallen leaves samples were taken from the clonal teak plantation at ten years old, which planted at seven different sites in Java. The carbon (C) analysis was done with Walkley and Black and N with Kjeldahl method. Meanwhile for total P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, and Cu, the samples were extracted with mixture between HClO4 and HNO3, extracted P was measured with spectrophotometer and the metals of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, and Cu were measured with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The result showed that carbon content was not much different, valued 46.49-52.32%, and N and P had a little bit different value 0.52-1.28% and 0.04-0.14%, respectively. K, Ca, and Mg content was slightly different valued 0.06-0.52%, 1.69-2.64%, and 0.10-0.45%, respectively, while Na almost had not different ranged between 0.018-0.025%. Fe and Mn content were much different among the sites ranged 185-898 ppm and 63-202 ppm, respectively, while Cu and Zn were not much different valued 54-126 ppm and 32-58 ppm, respectively. The relationship between levels of elements that are mobile (C, N, and P) on litter and soil do not indicate a real trend. Otherwise immobile elements (K, Ca, Mg, and Na) are always consistent between the levels of nutrients in the litter with high levels of nutrients in the soil.

Peranan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu dalam Pembangunan Hutan Kemasyarakatan di Perbukitan Menoreh (Kasus di Desa Hargorejo, Kokap, Kulonprogo, D.I.Yogyakarta) Maria Palmolina
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 8, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Pengembangan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK) dalam berbagai program pembangunan kehutanan yang mengutamakan fungsi lingkungan, sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya masyarakat lokal diharapkan dapat mewujudkan kelestarian hutan. Salah satu program pembangunan kehutanan adalah Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan HHBK dalam pembangunan HKm yang dilakukan di Perbukitan Menoreh dengan kasus di Desa Hargorejo, Kokap, Kulon Progo. Data dikumpulkan pada bulan Januari hingga Juni 2013 melalui wawancara secara mendalam terhadap 10 informan dan penyebaran kuesioner terhadap 35 orang anggota kelompok tani yang memiliki lahan garapan di HKm. Jenis tanaman kayu yang dominan dikembangkan adalah tanaman jati, mahoni, dan akasia. Sementara tanaman HHBK yang ditanam adalah tanaman buah (pisang, nangka), tanaman pangan (singkong, jagung, kedelai, kacang tanah), serta tanaman herbal (jahe, kunyit, temulawak). Pengelolaan HKm dilakukan secara swadaya dengan didampingi Yayasan DAMAR. Selain kondisi lingkungan menjadi hijau dan sejuk (66% responden menyatakan lingkungan desa menjadi lebih hijau dan sejuk), debit air bertambah (76% responden menyatakan persediaan air banyak), dampak positif pengelolaan HKm di Desa Hargorejo adalah juga memberikan kontribusi ekonomi pada rumah tangga petani (terjadi pengurangan prosentasi kondisi ekonomi petani kurang baik dari 80% menjadi 52% setelah adanya akses HKm).Kata kunci: HHBK, hutan kemasyarakatan, Menoreh, program pengembangan, manfaat hutanThe roles of Non Timber Forest Products in the development of community forestry in Menoreh Hills (A case of Hargorejo Village, Kokap, Kulon Progo Regency, YogyakartaAbstractDevelopment of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in various forestry development program that promotes the function of environmental, social, economic, and culture of local communities is expected to create sustainability. One of the forestry development programs are Community Forest (HKm). This study aimed to determine the role of NTFPs in community forest development which was done in Menoreh Hills in Hargorejo’s Village, Kokap, Kulon Progo’s Regency. Data were collected in January until June 2013 with in-depth interviews to 10 informers and by questioners to 35 members of the group of farmers who had arable land in HKm. The dominant type of timber plants were teak, mahogany, and acacia. Further, the NTFPs plants grown were fruit crops (banana, jackfruit), food crops (cassava, corn, soybeans, peanuts), and herbs (ginger, turmeric, temulawak). The management of HKm was conducted independently by DAMAR fondation. In addition to the condition of being green and cool environment (66% of respondents said the village environment becomes greener and cooler), increased water discharge (76% of respondents expressed a lot of water supplies), the positive impact of community forest management in Hargorejo’s Village was also the contribution to the household economy of farmers (a reduction in the percentage of less well economic conditions of farmers from 80% to 52% after the access HKm).

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Tri Mulyaningsih

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trimulya@unram.ac.id

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+62274-512102

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