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Asian Journal of Toxicology, Environmental, and Occupational Health
Published by Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30253675     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary
Asian Journal of Toxicology, Environmental, and Occupational Health (AJTEOH) is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes material on all aspects of public health science which concern to toxicology, environmental, and occupational relation. AJTEOH is a peer-review journal published by Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future. The journal welcomes high-impact articles on emerging public health science that covers human toxicology, pesticide hazard, behavior relation to occupational health and safety, environmental health risk assessment, occupational stress, and mental health, waste management; water, air, and soil pollution. The journal has a major focus on Asia but articles from other countries are accepted provided that the implications for Asia’s countries are addressed. The journal is multidiscilinary and aims to publish methodologically sound research from any of the academic disciplines that constitute human toxicology, pesticide hazard, behavior relation to occupational health and safety, environmental health risk assessment, occupational stress, and mental health, waste management; water, air, and soil pollution
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 39 Documents
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Determinants of health-related productivity loss: Investigating the link between workaholic tendencies and presenteeism in the public sector Karomah Devi Astriningrum
Asian Journal of Toxicology, Environmental, and Occupational Health Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ajteoh.v3i2.2026.2405

Abstract

Background: Presenteeism is the behavior of workers who are present to do their work when they experience health problems. Presenteeism behavior is quite worrying because it can harm the company and also worsen health. This research aims to determine the most dominant factors in the level of presenteeism at Institution X in 2023. Methods: The research used a cross-sectional study design and data was obtained directly by filling out a questionnaire (primary data). The research was conducted in November – December 2023 using a sample of 205 PPNPN employees at a Non-Ministerial Government Institution in Central Jakarta. Data analysis used the Chi-Square and Multiple Logistic Regression tests to achieve research objectives. Findings: Univariate analysis revealed that 59.5% of employees experienced high presenteeism, while 67.3% exhibited workaholic tendencies. After being controlled for job satisfaction, the analysis results show that workaholic ($P < 0.001$; POR = 3.703; 95% CI = 1.8–7.6) is the factor that dominates the level of presenteeism. Furthermore, the analysis confirmed that demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, and marital status) and job insecurity did not have a significant relationship with presenteeism levels ($P > 0.05$). Conclusion: The existence of presenteeism behavior can be a concern for institutions to create a good work environment so that the prevalence of presenteeism can decrease and employees maintain productivity without harming their health. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study identifies workaholism as the most dominant factor influencing presenteeism among non-ministerial government employees, highlighting the importance of addressing workplace culture in mitigating health-related productivity loss.
Correlation between family knowledge and preventive behaviors against pulmonary Tuberculosis transmission at regional hospital Togu Pandi Marihot Manurung; Bintang Kasih Manurung; Lastiurma Manurung
Asian Journal of Toxicology, Environmental, and Occupational Health Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ajteoh.v3i2.2026.2458

Abstract

Background: West Kalimantan Province ranks 15th in tuberculosis case notification rates and has the highest rate among the 34 provinces in Indonesia. One of the contributing factors to the incidence of tuberculosis is the poor behavior and attitudes of families. Therefore, family knowledge regarding the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission is important to be studied further. Methods: This study employed a quantitative research method using a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through questionnaires. The sample consisted of the entire population included in the study, totaling 22 respondents. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis techniques. Findings: The study showed that most respondents had good knowledge about pulmonary tuberculosis. Furthermore, respondents demonstrated good preventive behaviors against tuberculosis transmission, which were influenced by their adequate knowledge. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a significant relationship between family knowledge and preventive behaviors toward pulmonary tuberculosis transmission in the Infectious Disease Ward of Regional General Hospital. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research focuses on the family context in disease prevention and health promotion. In addition, the study uses the most recent data relevant to current public health needs, providing updated evidence that supports the continuity of tuberculosis prevention research.
Dust exposure and respiratory health outcomes in underground miners: Systematic review and meta-analysis Enoch Nii-Okai; Bright Peter Saah; Elijah Kordieh Mensah; Gopal Fosu Oppong Wiafe
Asian Journal of Toxicology, Environmental, and Occupational Health Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ajteoh.v3i2.2026.2471

Abstract

Background: Underground mining exposes workers to respirable dust, a known cause of various respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumoconiosis. Despite extensive research, significant gaps remain in understanding the global impact of dust exposure on miners' health. Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of dust exposure on respiratory health outcomes among underground miners, focusing on original research articles involving underground miners published between 2000 and 2025. Fifteen studies were included, evaluating outcomes such as lung function decline (FEV₁, FVC), COPD, and pneumoconiosis. Finding: The analysis revealed significant reductions in lung function (FEV₁) linked to dust exposure, with a pooled mean difference of -7.33 (95% CI: -9.93 to -4.72). However, the effect on FVC was minimal. Limitations in study design, including heterogeneous exposure measures and confounding factors, may influence the results. Concusion: Our results underscore the urgent need for enhanced dust control measures, better health surveillance, and stricter regulatory standards to protect miners’ respiratory health. Policymakers and mining companies should prioritize these measures to mitigate the significant health risks posed by dust exposure. Future research should explore the combined effects of dust and other occupational hazards and the long-term effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides an updated meta-analysis encompassing research through 2025, offering a contemporary global perspective on dust-induced lung decline.
Correlation analysis of the achievements of the five-pillar community-based total sanitation program and its indicators with trends in diarrhea Zahra Tamamy Surya Hardini
Asian Journal of Toxicology, Environmental, and Occupational Health Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ajteoh.v3i2.2026.3198

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is a public health problem that remains a serious concern worldwide, including in Indonesia. Diarrhea can affect all age groups, both children and adults, but toddlers are the most vulnerable to this disease due to children's immature immune systems and their dependence on parents for personal and environmental hygiene. According to data from the Semarang City Health Office in 2023, the number of diarrhea cases showed a fluctuating trend from 2016 to 2023. In 2018, there were 50,021 cases recorded, decreasing to 21,765 cases in 2021, but increasing again to 36,534 cases in 2023, where 29.1% were cases in toddlers. This data indicates that children are still the most vulnerable group to diarrheal disease. Method: This study used a comparative descriptive design with secondary data. The data collection technique uses data sources derived from the Semarang City Health Office profile which includes 5 community-based total sanitation Pillars (Pillar 1: SBS, Pillar 2: CTPS, Pillar 3: PAMMRT, Pillar 4: PSRT, Pillar 5: PLCRT) as well as additional indicators (PKURT and Access to Healthy Homes) from 37 Community Health Centers and 16 Districts. Data is presented as a percentage of households from a total of 552,978 households, while data on total and toddler diarrhea cases (2018–2023) are presented in the form of bar charts. Finding: The achievement of community-based total sanitation in Pillar 1 (Stop Open Defecation) has reached 100%. This is followed by Pillar 2 (CTPS) at 94.02%, Pillar 3 (PAMM-RT) at 92.97%, Pillar 4 (PSRT) at 89.08%, and the lowest, Pillar 5 (PLCRT) at 88.50%. Additional indicators on Access to Healthy Homes reached 91.79%, while Household Air Quality Management (PKURT) had the lowest achievement at 67.2%. In 2018, diarrhea cases peaked at 50,021, drastically decreased in 2021 to 21,765, and then toddler diarrhea cases reached an average of around 27% to 35% of the total cases. Conclusion: The community-based total sanitation achievement in Semarang City shows that pillar 1 (SBS) has successfully reached 100% and is followed by pillar 2 (CTPS) and pillar 5 (PLCRT) which stopped the potential for control in diarrhea cases (especially seen in the 2020-2021 period). However, there was an increase in diarrhea cases in 2022-2023 followed by behavior in pillar 4 (PSRT) and additional indicators  still being the weakest link in environmental-based disease prevention efforts. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research is a study that is still rarely conducted from previous research. This study includes the achievement of the five community-based total sanitation pillars and additional indicators with long-term diarrhea case trends starting from 2016–2023 and identifies the influence of behavioral and spatial factors (between health centers) on disease closure.
The potential of tofu pulp waste as an alternative transport medium for vaginal swabs and wound samples Richo Saputra; Safira Rakhma Khoirunnisa; Siti Azzahra; Syalwa Putri Anugrah; Dinda Risa Puspitasari; Venny Patricia
Asian Journal of Toxicology, Environmental, and Occupational Health Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ajteoh.v3i2.2026.3615

Abstract

Background: Transport media are essential for preserving specimen integrity and maintaining microorganism viability during delays between collection and laboratory testing. Conventional transport media are often expensive, powder-based, and have limited shelf life after preparation, creating barriers in resource-limited settings. Tofu pulp waste, a nutrient-rich by-product containing fiber, protein, and minerals, may support bacterial survival while also reducing food waste. Methods: This laboratory-based experimental study assessed tofu pulp waste as an alternative transport medium for vaginal swabs collected at Mandala Rangkasbitung Community Health Center and infected wound swabs collected at Dr. Adjidarmo Rangkasbitung Regional General Hospital. The study was conducted at the Integrated Microbiology Laboratory of the Banten Ministry of Health Polytechnic, using purposive sampling. Specimens were transported in tofu pulp waste medium (intervention) or standard Amies medium (control) and then subjected to microscopy, bacterial culture, and Gram staining. Effectiveness was evaluated by comparing bacterial viability and recovery between media. Findings: The tofu pulp waste medium maintained microorganism viability in both specimen types. Culture and microscopy identified Gram-negative bacteria in wound swabs, including Citrobacter freundii and Proteus mirabilis, and showed normal vaginal flora and clue cells in vaginal swabs. Overall recovery patterns were comparable to those obtained using Amies medium. Conclusion: Tofu pulp waste has strong potential as a low-cost, environmentally friendly alternative transport medium that preserves bacterial stability until laboratory analysis. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article provides a new contribution to the field of clinical microbiology by demonstrating that tofu residue, a nutrient-rich byproduct of the food industry, can serve as an effective and stable bacterial transport medium.
Microplastics in drinking water: Addressing human health risks and removal strategies Felix Donkor; Gifty Dudzilah; Ogonna Kizzito Agbahiwe; Buabeng Victoria Fosua; Mariam Iyabo Adeoba
Asian Journal of Toxicology, Environmental, and Occupational Health Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ajteoh.v4i1.2026.3606

Abstract

Background: Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as significant environmental contaminants increasingly detected in drinking water. Originating from plastic waste, textiles, and industrial effluents, MPs can infiltrate water systems and resist conventional treatment processes. Their small size and ability to carry toxic substances such as plasticizers, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants raise serious concerns regarding human health and water safety. Methods: This study employed a narrative review approach by synthesizing literature published between 2021 and 2025 from PubMed, Dimensions AI, and ScienceDirect. The review examined the sources of MPs in drinking water, associated human health risks, detection methods, removal technologies, and existing regulatory frameworks. Findings: The review found that MPs in drinking water pose considerable health risks through chemical leaching, bioaccumulation, and physical damage. Smaller particles, particularly nanoplastics, are difficult to detect and can bypass conventional filtration systems. Exposure to MPs is associated with endocrine disruption, gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and other long-term health impacts, especially among vulnerable groups such as children and pregnant women. Advanced treatment technologies, including nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and electrocoagulation show potential for effective removal, although economic and operational limitations hinder large-scale implementation. The study also identified major policy gaps, including the absence of standardized global regulations and safety thresholds for MPs. Conclusion: Microplastic contamination in drinking water represents a growing threat to public health and water quality management. Improved detection methods, stronger regulatory frameworks, advanced treatment technologies, and public health education are urgently needed to reduce exposure and ensure safer drinking water systems worldwide. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of microplastic contamination in drinking water by integrating health risk assessment, detection challenges, treatment technologies, and policy analysis within a single review. It highlights critical gaps in regulation and emphasizes the need for global standardization and interdisciplinary solutions.
The hidden costs of biodegradable plastics: Environmental persistence, microplastic toxicity, and implications for sustainable development Ekow Mensah Kakra; Adeyemi Abejoye; Ishola Abdul Dimeji; Opeyemi oluwasegun Lawal; Rita Ogboh
Asian Journal of Toxicology, Environmental, and Occupational Health Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ajteoh.v4i1.2026.3953

Abstract

Background: Biodegradable plastics are widely promoted as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional plastics, yet their real-world environmental benefits are often overstated relative to performance under standard certification conditions. This narrative review examines the gap between biodegradability certification standards and degradation under real-world conditions, the formation of microplastics and nanoplastics from biodegradable polymers, their toxicological effects, and the implications for sustainability policy. Methods: Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and synthesised narratively across four themes: polymer chemistry and certification, micro- and nanoplastic generation, ecotoxicological evidence, and policy implications. Findings: Common bioplastics, including polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and starch-based polymers, frequently degrade slowly in natural environments and can fragment into persistent microplastics and nanoplastics; these particles have been associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, and ecological harm across multiple biological levels of organisation. Conclusion: Biodegradable plastics can contribute to reducing plastic pollution, but their benefits are conditional on effective waste management, stronger regulatory oversight, and informed use; a systems-based approach combining material certification, infrastructure, and governance is required for genuine environmental sustainability. Novelty/Originality of this article: This review integrates evidence from polymer chemistry, environmental toxicology, and sustainability policy into a three-layer systems framework (material certification, waste infrastructure, and governance) for evaluating the genuine environmental benefit of biodegradable plastics, an integrative perspective that is largely absent from single-discipline treatments of the topic.
Beyond oxidative stress: Emerging molecular mechanisms and translational perspectives in environmental toxicant-induced hematotoxicity Esther Uyoyooghene Olokede; Favour Oluwadamilola Agboola; Jane Ifeyinwa Anatuanya; Ishola Abdul Dimeji
Asian Journal of Toxicology, Environmental, and Occupational Health Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ajteoh.v4i1.2026.3962

Abstract

Background: Environmental toxicants, including heavy metals, pesticides, particulate air pollutants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and microplastics, are increasingly recognized as major contributors to hematological disorders. Although oxidative stress has traditionally been regarded as the principal mechanism underlying environmental toxicant-induced hematotoxicity, emerging evidence suggests that additional molecular pathways contribute substantially to hematopoietic injury. This review examines the evolving molecular mechanisms of environmental toxicant-induced hematotoxicity beyond the conventional oxidative stress paradigm and explores their translational implications. Methods: Literature was retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and synthesized through a structured narrative review. Evidence published primarily between 2020 and 2026 was critically evaluated and organized into thematic areas including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, epigenetic reprogramming, immunometabolic dysregulation, hematopoietic stem-cell dysfunction, biomarker discovery, multi-omics technologies, artificial intelligence, and precision hematology. Findings: Environmental toxicant-induced hematotoxicity is mediated by a complex network of interacting molecular pathways rather than oxidative stress alone. Emerging evidence highlights important roles for mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, epigenetic reprogramming, immunometabolic dysregulation, and hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC) impairment in regulating blood-cell homeostasis and bone marrow integrity. These pathways interact extensively with oxidative stress and contribute to disease heterogeneity, chronic toxicity, and variable clinical outcomes. Advances in multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence further provide opportunities for biomarker discovery, improved risk assessment, and early disease detection. Conclusion: Environmental toxicant-induced hematotoxicity should be viewed as a systems-level disorder arising from coordinated interactions among multiple molecular pathways. Integrating mechanistic insights with multi-omics technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and precision hematology may improve disease prediction, biomarker development, early diagnosis, and targeted intervention strategies. Novelty/Originality of this article: This review moves beyond the traditional oxidative stress paradigm by integrating emerging molecular mechanisms into a systems hematotoxicology framework for understanding environmental toxicant-induced hematological injury. It synthesizes evidence on mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, epigenetic reprogramming, immunometabolic dysregulation, and hematopoietic stem-cell dysfunction while highlighting their translational relevance for biomarker discovery, multi-omics research, artificial intelligence, and precision hematology. This integrated perspective remains largely absent from conventional reviews that examine these mechanisms independently.
Effectiveness of administrative sanctions in improving waste management at final waste processing sites Yulia Indah Wahyuningsih
Asian Journal of Toxicology, Environmental, and Occupational Health Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ajteoh.v4i1.2026.4030

Abstract

Background: Waste management represents an urgent environmental issue in Indonesia. According to data from the National Waste Management Information System in 2025, Indonesia generates approximately 144,839 tonnes of waste per day, of which only 34.49% is properly managed. As a follow-up measure, the Ministry of Environment (MoE) has imposed administrative sanctions in the form of government coercion orders against 250 final waste processing sites (landfill sites) at the district/city and provincial levels that continue to operate the open dumping systems. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of administrative sanctions in driving improvements in waste management, and identify the constraints faced by local governments in fulfilling administrative sanctions obligations. Methods: A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative-qualitative analysis with descriptive statistics was applied to secondary data comprising 230 compliance monitoring reports, supervisory inspection reports, and 63 sanction extension request documents from 2025. Findings: The findings demonstrate that administrative sanctions implementation has proven ineffective. Of 230 monitored landfill sites, only 5 (2.17%) were declared compliant, while 97.83% were non-compliant, with an average compliance score of 47.7%. This low compliance rate is not caused by a single factor but rather results from a three-constraint causal chain: budgetary limitations (37%) weaken technical capacity (34%), which exacerbates administrative barriers (29%). Furthermore, the 2025 national budget efficiency policy and the 2026 reduction in Regional Transfer Funds also exerted a significant impact. Conclusion: This study concludes that repressive and reactive administrative sanctions failed to promote sustainable behavioural change in waste management without support from preventive approaches, institutional capacity strengthening, and cross-level governmental collaboration. Novelty/Originality of this article: The study recommends strengthening technical assistance, vertical and horizontal resource distribution, integration of repressive-preventive instruments, and flexibility in the phasing of administrative sanctions obligations according to regional capacity.

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