The Marketing and Business Strategy MBS journal publishes open access, peer reviewed, theoretical, and empirical research articles on all major marketing management, consumer behavior, competition, and business strategy related topics. The journals mission is to offer a forum for the growing amount of scholarly research on marketing and business strategy in which they operate. The journal emphasizes theoretical advancements and their application and empirical, practical, and policy oriented research in marketing and strategy in other local and international markets. The MBS examines various decisions, processes, and activities within the technology settings marketing, business strategy, and policy. The MBS is published for executives, researchers, and scholars alike; the journal aids the application of empirical research to practical situations and theoretical findings to the reality of the business world. The journal aims to promote communication and collaboration between and among academic and other research groups, as well as policymakers and operational decision makers at private and public institutions, national and global, and their regulators. This journal is published online semi annually continuously (November and May) to keep authors and readers updated with the latest progress. If you have any questions about the journal, please Chat on WhatsApp (+62 081188809646) or/and email us (info-mbs@sanscientific.com). You are invited to keep us up to date on the most recent academic research and study areas.