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Amerta
Published by BRIN Publishing
ISSN : 02151324     EISSN : 25498908     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55981/amt
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Art, Social,
Religion Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences
Starting at Volume 40 Number 2 December 2022, AMERTA’s objective is to promote the wide dissemination of the results of systematic scholarly inquiries into the broad field of archaeological research in proto-history and history chronology themes in the Indonesian Archipelago. The primary, but not exclusive, audiences are researchers, academicians, graduate students, practitioners, and others interested in archaeological research. AMERTA accepts original articles on historical archaeology-related subjects and any research methodology that meets the standards established for publication in the journal. Papers published in the journal may cover a wide range of topics in historical archaeology, including, but not limited to: 1. Field of archaeological findings in Indonesia’s Proto History, Hindu-Buddhist, Islam, and Colonial periods; 2. New theoretical and methodological analyses; 3. Synthetic overviews of topics in the field of historical archaeology.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Arkeologi
Articles 18 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 35 No. 2 (2017)" : 18 Documents clear
Cover Amerta Volume 35, Nomor 2, Tahun 2017 Redaksi Amerta
AMERTA Vol. 35 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Preface Amerta Volume 35, Nomor 2, Tahun 2017 Redaksi Amerta
AMERTA Vol. 35 No. 2 (2017)
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DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF PALAEOLITHIC STONE TOOLS FROM SULAWESI, COLLECTED BY THE INDONESIAN-DUTCH EXPEDITION IN 1970 Gerrit Alink; Shinatria Adhityatama; Truman Simanjuntak
AMERTA Vol. 35 No. 2 (2017)
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Abstrak. Analisis Deskriptif Alat Batu Palaeolithik dari Sulawesi, Hasil Ekspedisi IndonesiaBelanda pada tahun 1970. Studi ini menganalisis artefak temuan ekspedisi Indonesia-Belanda di tahun 1970 di Marale di hulu dan Beru di hilir Sungai Wallanae; termasuk menguji hipotesis bahwa penghalusan material kasar di hilir terjadi pada artefak kecil. Batu gamping, kersikan, dan rijang merupakan bahan yang dominan. Artefak umumnya mengalami abrasi dan pembundaran dari tingkat moderat hingga kuat. Hampir semua artefak terpatinasi. Teknik ‘crushing’ merupakan tipe dominan dari persiapan bidang dorsal dekat dataran pukul. Dataran pukul umumnya datar dan ujung distal tipis. Himpunan serpih Marale yang umumnya lebih lebar dan panjang dibandingkan himpunan serpih Beru mendukung hipotesis tersebut. Kebanyakan alat serpih merupakan serut samping. Sebagai tambahan, berdasarkan klasifikasi morfologi yang baru diperkenalkan, umumnya batu inti (70%) memiliki platform tunggal, berbentuk pyramidal atau polihedral, walaupun ada yang double platform. Perkiraan pertanggalan van Heekeren dari 200 dan 100 ka agaknya tepat, sebagaimana publikasi van den Bergh yang mempertanggal artefak in situ dari ekskavasi di daerah yang sama di antara 194 dan 118 ka. Kata Kunci: Sulawesi, Walanae, Palaeolithic, Alat-alat batu, Survei Abstract. This study analysis lithic artefacts collected by the Indonesian-Dutch expedition to Sulawesi in 1970. In addition, the hypothesis was tested that downstream fining of coarse material results in smaller artefacts. The artefacts were collected by surveying in Marale (upstream) and Beru (downstream) along the Walanae River. Most artefacts were abraded and rounded. Almost all artefacts were patinated. Silificied limestone and chert were the predominant raw materials for making stone tools. Crushing was the predominant type of dorsal face preparation near the striking platform. The dominant platform type was plain and the dominant distal end feather. The width and the maximal length of the flakes of Marale were significantly larger than those of Beru, confirming the above hypothesis. Most flake tools were side scrapers. In addition to the functional standard classification also a new morphological classification was introduced. Most cores (70%) were single platformed, pyramidal or polyhedral, but also double platformed cores were present. Dating of the stone tools between 200 and 100 ka as earlier suggested by van Heekeren might be plausible based on a recently published study by van den Bergh (2016) who dated in situ artefacts excavated in the same region between 194 and 118 ka. Keywords: Sulawesi, Walanae, Palaeolithic, Stone tools, Surveying
INDUSTRI ALAT MIKROLIT DI SITUS BALANG METTI: TEKNOLOGI TOALA AKHIR DAN KONTAK BUDAYA DI DATARAN TINGGI SULAWESI SELATAN Suryatman; Budianto Hakim; Afdalah Harris
AMERTA Vol. 35 No. 2 (2017)
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Abstract. The Microlith Tool Industry at Balang Metti Site: Late Toalean Technology and Cultural Contact in the Highlands of South Sulawesi. The presence and distribution of microlith tools in Africa, Europe, and Asia have often been debated by prehistorians. The technology was brought by Early Modern Humans out of Africa to some areas of Europe and Asia during the Late Pleistocene. In South Sulawesi, it exists from the Middle to Late Holocene and is classed as part of the ‘Toalean’ culture. Excavations at Balang Metti site revealed a layer of microlith tools representing an industry that occurred for no more than 3,500 years ago. This is remarkable as the site is located in the highlands, whereas all previously known Toalean occupation sites are dispersed throughout the lowlands of South Sulawesi. The purpose of our research is to explain this microlith technology, especially the implication of its cultural contact, which occurred up to the highlands. Research methods done by classified, counted, and measured all lithic artefacts from excavation. The results show that the early stages of flaking (reduction) occurred not only in the cave but also out of the site, possibly close to the raw material sources. Keywords: Microliths Tool, Toalean, Technology, Cultural Contact Abstrak. Kehadiran dan persebaran alat mikrolit di Afrika, Eropa, dan Asia telah diperdebatkan oleh kalangan peneliti prasejarah. Peralatan tersebut dibawa oleh manusia modern awal keluar dari Afrika ke beberapa wilayah Eropa dan Asia pada akhir Pleistosen. Di Sulawesi Selatan peralatan ini baru muncul pada pertengahan hingga akhir Holosen dan digolongkan sebagai bagian dari budaya Toalean. Penggalian di Situs Balang Metti menunjukkan lapisan budaya industri alat mikrolit berumur tidak lebih dari 3.500 tahun. Permasalahannya adalah situs tersebut berada di wilayah dataran tinggi, yang sebelumnya situs-situs hunian Toalean hanya ditemukan tersebar di wilayah dataran rendah Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan teknologi alat mikrolit dan implikasi kontak budaya yang terjadi hingga di dataran tinggi Sulawesi Selatan. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan mengklasifikasi, menghitung, dan mengukur semua artefak batu dari penggalian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penyerpihan tidak hanya dilakukan di dalam gua, tetapi juga di luar gua yang mungkin tidak jauh dari lokasi pengambilan bahan. Kata Kunci: Alat Mikrolit, Toalean, Teknologi, Kontak Budaya
THE DEVELOPMENT OF POTTERY MAKING TRADITIONS AND MARITIME NETWORKS DURING THE EARLY METAL AGE IN NORTHERN MALUKU ISLANDS Rintaro Ono; Fadhila Arifin Aziz; Adhi Agus Oktaviana; Marlon Ririmasse; Nurachman Iriyanto; Irwansyah B. Zesse; Kazuhiko Tanaka
AMERTA Vol. 35 No. 2 (2017)
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Abstrak. Perkembangan Tradisi Pembuatan Tembikar dan Jejaring Maritim pada Masa Logam Awal di Bagian Utara Kepulauan Maluku. Selama masa Pasca-Neolitik atau Zaman Logam Awal setelah 2300 sampai 2000 tahun BP di Wallacea, migrasi manusia dan jaringan maritime menjadi lebih berkembang. Melalui bukti linguistik, misalnya, trans-migrasi oleh kelompok berbahasa Austronesia dan kelompok berbahasa Papua, atau bukti arkeologi seperti perluasan dan pengembangan tembikar yang memiliki kemiripan, membuat tradisi ini menjadi bukti sejarah adanya perdagangan rempah-rempah dengan Cina, India dan lebih jauh ke arah barat dalam studi kasus di Maluku. Kedatangan budaya logam (baik perunggu maupun besi) dan bahan kaca dinilai penting karena mungkin menunjukkan pengembangan lebih lanjut jejaringan migrasi manusia dan perdagangan yang aktif di wilayah ini. Dengan berpijak pada pemahaman tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan bukti-bukti kedatangan budaya logam di Maluku Utara sebagai indikasi jaringan migrasi dan perdagangan masa lalu. Ekskavasi sebagai pendekatan penelitian dilakukan pada situs baru di Maluku Utara antara tahun 2012-2014. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Situs terbuka Gorua di pesisir timur laut Pulau Halmahera (Kabupaten Tobelo) merupakan salah satu dari situs-situs tersebut yang berumur sekitar 2300-2000 tahun BP (atau 300-50 SM). Sekaligus menjadi penanda perkembangan pembuatan tembikar dan pola jaringan maritim di Kawasan Maluku Utara pada Masa Paleometalik/Perundagian. Kata Kunci: Tembikar, Jejaring Maritim, Masa awal Logam, Maluku Utara Abstract. During the post Neolithic times or Early Metal Age, after 2300 to 2000 years BP, in Wallacea human migrations and maritime networks were more developed. Through linguistic evidence, for instance the trans-migration by Austronesian-speaking groups and Papuan-speaking groups, or archaeological evidences such as expansion and development of similar pottery, make the traditions a historical evidence for the spice trade with China, India, and further west for the Maluku case. The arrival of metal (both bronze and iron) and glass materials is also considered important due to the fact that it possibly shows further development of active human migrations and trade networks in that region. On the basis of such backgrounds and understanding, the aim of this research is to uncover evidences of the arrival of metal culture in Northern Maluku as an indication of migration and trade networks in the past. Excavations an approach in this research were carried out at some new sites in Northern Maluku during 2012-2014. Results show that an open site, Gorua, on the the northeastern coast of Halmahera Island (Tobelo Regency) is one of such sites, which dates to around 2300-2000 years BP (or 300-50 BC). It also marks the development of pottery-making and the pattern of maritime network within the Northern Maluku Islands during the Early Metal Age. Keywords: Pottery, Maritime Networks, Early Metal Age, Northern Maluku
BHIMA DAN TOYA PAWITRA DALAM CERITA “DEWA RUCI” Hariani Santiko
AMERTA Vol. 35 No. 2 (2017)
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Abstract. Bhima and "Toya Pawitra" in The Dewa Ruci Story. A number of statues and also reliefs of Bhima were found at the slope of mountains nearby the terrace sanctuaries from the Majapahit era. Besides the artefactual data, there is also a story known as Dewa Ruci, telling about Bhima being told by Drona to go to Candramuka Mountain and also to the wide ocean in search of the water of life (“toya pawitra”). Suddenly he met Dewa Ruci, who looks like Bhima but much smaller. Dewa Ruci explains to Bhima about the doctrine of the perfect life according to Saiwasiddhanta teaching, and also the relationship between man, God and universe in terms of monistic mysticism. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the result of the meeting between Bhima and Dewa Ruci. In this case I use the Historical-Archaeology and also the phenomenology method to understand the symptoms within culture, including archaeology. By talking to his Guru, Dewa Ruci, Bhima the ordinary Pandawa’s warrior became a Divine Guru in the world, who can give guidance to men who want to attain eternal unity between Servant and the Lord/God. Keywords: Toya pawitra, Lengkung Kala-mṛga, Bhima-bungkus, Sang Hyang Mahasukṣma Abstrak. Tinggalan arkeologi berupa arca dan relief Bhima banyak ditemukan di sekitar bangunan berundak teras di lereng-lereng gunung pada masa Majapahit Akhir. Di samping data artefaktual itu, terdapat sebuah cerita, yaitu cerita “Dewa Ruci”, yang sangat terkait dengan tokoh Bhima. Dalam cerita tersebut, Bhima disuruh Drona mencari toya pawitra ‘air penghidupan’ di Gunung Candramuka dan juga di tengah laut. Pada waktu itu muncul tokoh Dewa Ruci yang mirip Bhima, namun sangat kecil ukurannya. Ia memberi penjelasan (wejangan) tentang rahasia hidup yang terkait dengan ajaran agama Saiwasiddhanta dan Bhima dianggap berhasil menghadapi berbagai kesulitan dan tantangan kehidupan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode fenomenologi atau metode “mengerti”, metode yang mengungkapkan makna berbagai gejala yang terkandung dalam kebudayaan, termasuk arkeologi. Pendekatan yang dipakai adalah pendekatan arkeologi sejarah dengan menggunakan data aktefaktual dan data tekstual. Bhima yang pada awalnya adalah seorang pahlawan Pandawa, setelah bertemu dengan gurunya, Dewa Ruci, menjadi tokoh anutan atau semacam guru bagi mereka yang sedang menempuh “perjalanan spiritual” untuk mencari, bertemu, dan bersatu kembali dengan Tuhan. Kata Kunci: Toya pawitra, Lengkung Kala-mṛga, Bhima-bungkus, Sang Hyang Mahasukṣma
PELESTARIAN TINGGALAN BUDAYA BAWAH AIR: PEMANFAATAN KAPAL KARAM SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK WISATA SELAM Roby Ardiwidjaja
AMERTA Vol. 35 No. 2 (2017)
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Abstract. Preservation of Underwater Cultural Heritage: Shipwreck as a Diving Attraction. Indonesia is the largest archipelago country in the world; two thirds of its territory is the sea. One of President Jokowi's missions is that the government will focus more on Indonesian maritime strategic thinking, by implementing the concept of "Global Maritime Fulcrum." The keys to make it happen are embodied in two important pillars of the five-pillar concept, namely maritime culture revitalization and marine resource management. Marine-based sustainable tourism development is to be conducted with a synergy between reinforcing maritime culture and utilizing marine resources. The problem is, on one side, is that the condition of coral reef ecosystem as a diving attraction has deteriorated due to human activities. On the other side, the underwater cultural resources have not been optimally utilized, and are often taken illegally. This research intends to present a general overview about utilization of underwater cultural heritages as diving tourism attraction, using method of literature study. Many references mention that the territorial waters of Indonesia in the past were important international vessel shipping lanes, as evidenced by the number of shipwrecked artifacts discovered by fishermen or stolen by treasure seekers. The availability of underwater cultural resources underwater such as shipwrecks and the declining quality of coral reefs can be utilized as a marine tourism attraction, particularly diving, while we also attempt to preserve marine cultural heritage. Keywords: Preservation, Shipwreck, Attraction, Marine Tourism Abstrak. Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia. Dua pertiga dari wilayahnya adalah laut. Salah satu misi Presiden Jokowi, Pemerintah Indonesia akan lebih fokus pada pemikiran strategis maritim Indonesia dengan mengimplementasikan konsep Global Maritime Fulcrum (Poros Maritim Dunia). Kunci keberhasilan untuk mewujudkannya telah tertuang dalam dua pilar penting dari konsep lima pilar, yaitu membangun kembali budaya maritim dan mengelola sumber daya kelautan. Pembangunan pariwisata berkelanjutan berbasis bahari dilakukan dengan sinergi antara memperkuat budaya bahari dan pemanfaatan sumber daya kelautan. Permasalahannya di satu sisi bahwa kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang sebagai atraksi selam semakin memburuk akibat ulah manusia. Pada sisi lain sumber daya tinggalan budaya bawah air belum optimal dimanfaatkan, bahkan seringkali diambil secara ilegal. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang pemanfaatan warisan budaya bawah air sebagai daya tarik wisata selam. Metode yang digunakan ialah kajian kepustakaan. Wilayah perairan Indonesia pada masa lalu merupakan jalur pelayaran kapal internasional yang penting. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan banyaknya artefak kapal karam ditemukan oleh nelayan atau dicuri oleh pencari harta karun. Ketersediaan sumber daya budaya tinggalan bawah air seperti kapal-kapal karam dan menurunannya kualitas terumbu karang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai daya tarik wisata bahari khususnya selam, sekaligus upaya pelestarian warisan budaya bahari. Kata Kunci: Pelestarian, Kapal Karam, Atraksi, Wisata Bahari
Appendix Amerta Volume 35, Nomor 2, Tahun 2017 Redaksi Amerta
AMERTA Vol. 35 No. 2 (2017)
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Back Cover Amerta Volume 35, Nomor 2, Tahun 2017 Redaksi Amerta
AMERTA Vol. 35 No. 2 (2017)
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Cover Amerta Volume 35, Nomor 2, Tahun 2017 Redaksi Amerta
AMERTA Vol. 35 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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