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Bachtiar Effendi
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Mining Journal
Published by Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA
ISSN : 08549931     EISSN : 25278797     DOI : 10.30556/imj
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This Journal is published periodically two times annually : April and October, containing papers of research and development for mineral and coal, including exploration, exploitation, processing, utilization, environment, economics and policy. The editors only accept relevant papers with the substance of this publication.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 269 Documents
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APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC AND INDUCED POLARIZATION METHOD FOR DELINEATING GOLD-BEARING VEIN ZONES AT CIBALIUNG, PANDEGLANG REGENCY, BANTEN Muhammad Sidiq; Y. Yatini; Agus Fajrin
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2021): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 24 No. 1, April 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol24.No1.2021.1133

Abstract

Magmatic processes occurred during the Miocene period caused the formation of epithermal gold deposits in Cibaliung area. The deposit has previously been investigated through geological surveys which basically only covers the surface aspect, so in this study a subsurface analysis was carried out through magnetic and IP surveys to determine the distribution and continuity of the gold deposits. The magnetic survey was conducted over an area of about 3 km2 with sampling interval 20 m east and 100 m north. The magnetic data were processed using Oasis Montaj with magnetic intensity map as an output, which was then interpreted to determine the presence of structures and magnetite destruction zones as mineralization clues. The IP survey was conducted on 20 east-west oriented lines with length of about 1.2 km. The electrode configuration used is Wenner with 25 m spacing. IP data were processed using RES2DINV software to eliminate bad datum points and invert the apparent chargeability values into the true ones. IP data are then interpreted to clearly determine the position, direction, and distribution of gold mineralization body by detecting the presence of sulfide minerals as ligands carrying gold. Magnetic data analysis shows that gold mineralization tends to occur at low magnetic anomaly, ranging from 37 nT to 240 nT and generally associated with northwest-oriented structures. The mineralization zone is found in four main vein zones with resistivity and chargeability values < 51  and > 50 ms.
LITHOGEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION FOR DELINEATING PRIMARY GOLD OCCURRENCES IN WEST KAO AREA, NORTH HALMAHERA DISTRICT, NORTH MALUKU PROVINCE Arifudin Idrus; Fadlin Fadlin
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2021): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 24 No. 1, April 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol24.No1.2021.1173

Abstract

Halmahera Island retains several gold deposits. One of the gold deposits is called as low sulphidation epithermal (LSE) quartz veins which is currently being mined and is situated in the Gosowong goldfield. The veins mostly originated in N-S and NNE-SSW direction. This study is aimed to determine the prospect area in the northern portion of Gosowong goldfield covering the West Kao sub district based on surface mapping and rock/float- and BLEG stream sediment survey. A total of 16 rock/vein float and 120 BLEG samples were analyzed by FA/AAS and CNO2 cyanide leach methods, respectively. The study area is occupied by tuffaceous sandstone, andesite, porphyritic andesite and lava andesite units. In the eastern part, tuffaceous sandstone is suffered from argillic and propylitic alteration, which may be controlled by the NW-SE-trending structures. The gold grade of rock/float samples is up to 0.044 ppm. BLEG data indicates a calculated threshold of 10 ppb for Au and 72 ppb for Ag. The highest Au and Ag contents (anomalies) are identified in the eastern part of the study area. This is spatially (and maybe genetically) related to the argillic-altered tuffaceous sandstone, structures and occurrences of quartz vein floats. To follow up this finding, a detailed exploration is recommended to be conducted within the prospect area.
ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROM COAL GASIFICATION THROUGH SIMULATION OF PLASMA GASIFICATION PROCESS OF INDONESIAN LOW-RANK COAL Priyo Adi Sesotyo; Muhammad Nur; Oki Muraza
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2021): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 24 No. 1, April 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol24.No1.2021.1192

Abstract

Indonesia's coal reserve is abundant with its lower price and widely distributed than oil and natural gas. However, the coal emits high carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and sulfur compounds (H2S, SOx) to the environment during utilization. Plasma gasification can overcome those lacks using the external electric energy through a plasma torch. The chemical properties of coal have impacts on the energy content and environmental benchmarking. Using steam as a gasifying agent should be adequate to produce H2 and CO syngas. A research has been carried out to analyze and understand the benefit of using different gasifying agent for maximizing the H2 production and minimizing the environmental impact. Pure Steam (PS) gasifying agent to coal ratio of 0.4 has shown 43.76% H2 composition in syngas and cold gasification efficiency (CGE) with 37.71%. The PS to coal ratio of 0.2 has a significant carbon conversion efficiency of 4.75% and the PS to coal ratio of 0.6 has a gross energy potential of 86.5 kW. Using such the PS is significantly better than the mixture of steam oxygen (SO) as the gasifying agent since it needs to have a greater SO flow rate to have the SO to coal ratio of 1.00.
EFFECT OF SULFUR IN THE REDUCTANTS ON SULFIDATION MECHANISM OF NICKEL LATERITE Fajar Nurjaman; Yuliana Sari; Anton Sapto Handoko; Fathan Bahfie; Ulin Herlina; Muhammad Miftahurrahman; Dedi Priadi; Deni Ferdian; Bambang Suharno
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 24 No 2 (2021): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 24 No. 2, October 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol24.No2.2021.1216

Abstract

Processing nickel laterite conventionally, namely by pyrometallurgy method, requires high temperature and energy, results in a costive process. Due to its lower temperature reduction process, selective reduction with additives could be an alternative in nickel ore processing. Additives such as sulfur/sulfate have a critical role in promoting the low melting point phase. Sulfur is also found in coal. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effect of sulfur content in reductant on selective reduction of lateritic nickel ore. In this work, the effect of sulfur content (2.68% and 5% S) in anthracite coal as a reductant on selective reduction of limonitic ore was studied clearly. Nickel ore, reductant and sodium sulfate were mixed homogenously and pelletized up to 10-15 mm in diameter. Pellets were reduced using a muffle furnace at 950 to 1150°C for 60 min. Reduced pellets were crushed into -200 mesh before separating the ferronickel and its impurities using a wet magnetic separation process. The result showed that the anthracite coal with 5% S produced concentrate containing 3.56% Ni with 95,97% recovery, which is higher than 2.68% S. The sulfur content in reductant could replace the addition of sulfur/sulfate as the additives in the selective reduction of lateritic nickel ore.
THE APPLICATION OF FAILURE METHOD PROBABILITY FOR ANALYZING IN PIT DUMP STABILITY AT WEST BLOCK ‘X’ PIT PT BERAU COAL - EAST KALIMANTAN Yan Adriansyah; Rifqi Dwi Saprana; Irvan Sophian; Nur Khoirullah
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 24 No 2 (2021): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 24 No. 2, October 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol24.No2.2021.1217

Abstract

West Block 'X' pit is one of the coal mining locations operated by the Lati Mine Operation – PT Berau Coal. Administratively, the Lati Mine is located as part of Berau Regency – East Kalimantan. The study area is located at the north side of the concession, in a syncline fold structure zone. The disposal design in this area needs to special attention from slope stability aspect due it is located on the wing of a mega syncline with a certain slope and constituent of unconsolidated materials. The pit design needs to be stable. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of stability of the in-pit dump by analyzing the current in-pit dump stability based on the value of the safety factor (FS) and the probability of failure (PoF). The method used in this study is a probabilistic analysis of slope stability based on the Morgenstern-Price method to obtain the value of the safety factor and the probability of failure. The study results show that the slope is in the safe category (stable slope) in the range of PoF values 0 – 1%, marginal slope 1 – 12%, and unstable slope above 12%. Based on such as results, it is necessary to modify the slope geometry categorized as unstable to carry out mine operation safely underneath the toe of slope.
EFFECT OF LOW RANK COAL TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON SLOW PYROLYSIS PROCESS Slamet Handoko; Sapta Rianda; Nurhadi Nurhadi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 24 No 2 (2021): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 24 No. 2, October 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol24.No2.2021.1234

Abstract

The government of Indonesia has made policies to increase the added value of coal. It can be completed using technology of slow pyrolysis. This study aimed to increase the added value of coal by analyzing the effect of temperature and water content of the feed on slow pyrolysis products. Water content variation in the feed form of coal was 10.57 wt% and 16.86 wt%. Temperature variations in the slow pyrolysis process were 500, 600, 700, and 800 ºC. Result of this research showed that the low moisture content of coal produced more char in the slow pyrolysis process. Based on the variations of the used temperature, a higher temperature of pyrolysis produced fewer char but its calorific value of coal product was also higher. The optimum operating condition was achieved at 500-600 ºC.
GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF TEA PLANT (Camellia sinensis (L.) O Kuntze) AFTER PRUNING WITH BIO-ORGANOMINERAL AMELIORANT Restu Wulansari; Faris Nur Fauzi Athallah; Eko Pranoto; Maryono Maryono; Didit Adi Darmawan; Budhy Agung Supriyanto
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 24 No 2 (2021): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 24 No. 2, October 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol24.No2.2021.1235

Abstract

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O Kuntze) is one of the important plantation commodities that has long been cultivated in Indonesia. Mineral based ameliorant fertilization is one of the important factors to produce high productivity and maintenance of healthy plants. Ameliorant bio-organomineral (BIOM) is a fertilizer that utilizes mineral resources, potential microbes, and organic matter. This study aimed to determine the effect of BIOM's ameliorant on plant health and tea productivity after pruning. The Randomized Block Design (RBD) was accomplished by 8 treatments and three replications (100% conventional fertilizer, 100% BIOM, 80% single fertilizer + 100% BIOM, 80% conventional fertilizer + 80% BIOM, 80% conventional fertilizer + 60% BIOM, 60% conventional fertilizer + 100% BIOM, 60% conventional fertilizer + 80% BIOM, and 60% conventional fertilizer + 60% BIOM). The results showed that there was a significant effect of the combination of conventional fertilizer and BIOM ameliorant on shoot production and pekoe percentage, but not significantly different in tipping production, pekoe shoot ratio and banji shoots. The combination of 60% conventional fertilizer and 60% BIOM showed the highest total production of 31.81 kg/plot. Shoot production in the BIOM treatment was 17.36% higher than that of the conventional fertilizer application. The application of BIOM ameliorant was able to improve the plant health after pruning on the GMB 7 clone.
STUDY ON CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL AND BIOMASS BLEND AND THE TENDENCY OF ITS ASH DEPOSITION Datin Fatia Umar; Taty Rohayati
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 24 No 2 (2021): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 24 No. 2, October 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol24.No2.2021.1242

Abstract

A coal and biomasses of empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fiber (MF) and palm kernel shell (PKS) were characterized in terms of its proximate, ultimate, calorific value and ash chemical composition. Ash fusion temperature (AFT) was carried out on coal and biomass blends with a composition in weight % of 95-5; 90-10 and 85-15. The coal used in this research has high calorific value of 6,106 cal/g. Results indicate that based on the AFT, the coal-biomass blends at some composition shows a medium tendency to ash deposition. While based on the chemical composition, generally the coal-biomass blends have a low tendency to slagging but have a high tendency to fouling. Coal-biomass blend at the coal composition of 85 wt% and PKS of 15 wt% (85-15) is recommended to be applied. The less the coal is used, the less the CO2 emission, so it is expected to reduce the GHG significantly.
EFFECT OF VACUUM RESIDUE AND PETROLEUM BENZINE AS THE ADDITIVE CALORIFIC VALUE AND MOISTURE OF COAL Ezra Bella Ramadhani Putri; Wahyudi Zahar; Lenny Marlinda
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 25 No 1 (2022): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 25 No. 1, April 2022
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol25.No1.2022.1260

Abstract

Upgrading the coal is a process that increases the calorific value of low-rank coal through decreasing the moisture content of the coal. This method usually uses mixed heavy oil to close the opened pores after coal upgrading. The additives have a molecule structure like heavy oil. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of additives on the moisture content and calorific value after coal upgrading process. Coal upgrading in this study applies several variations i.e., coal particle size and coal mass mixed with an additive which is a mixture of vacuum residue and petroleum benzine with a ratio of  0.005 g: 1 mL as a coater. Before upgrading process, the moisture content and calorific value of the coal is 13.39 %adb and 6,663 cal/g db. After the process, the lowest moisture content of the coal in the ratio of coal (b/v) and additives was 4:3 with 21.75% ad. The highest calorific value of the coal was shown in the ratio of coal (b/v) and additives 1:1 with 7,189 kcal/kg. The lowest moisture content is indicated by the particle size of -120 mesh. The highest calorific value of coal is shown by the particle size of -120 mesh.
DEVELOPMENT OF LATERITE ORE PROCESSING AND ITS APPLICATIONS Fathan Bahfie; Azwar Manaf; Widi Astuti; Fajar Nurjaman; Erik Prastyo; Ulin Herlina
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2022): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 25 No. 2, October 2022
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol25.No2.2022.1261

Abstract

Nickel ore is found in two types sulfide and laterite. The sulfide is a nickel ore that has high nickel content and low reserves of natural resources than of the zinc laterite. In contrast, the laterite is a rock mineral that contains the iron-nickel oxide compounds. There are two methods of processing nickel laterite, namely hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. The former is a method that uses leaching by a chemical solution or solid such as acid, as a reducing agent. The alkaline leaching (ammonia) is the most optimal method to obtain a nickel grade with the highest recovery but it needs more modification. Pyrometallurgical method uses high heat up to 1800°C, so it requires a lot of energy and needs improvement to decrease the carbon usage. The rotary kiln-electric furnace method is the optimal method for developing the nickel laterite. These methods generate products that can be applied to various fields. For example, the pyrometallurgy method produces nickel pig iron and ferronickel as raw materials for stainless steel and steel alloys. The hydrometallurgy method produces nickel sulfate and nickel oxide with a purity of 99% by weight as raw materials for magnets, sensors, and batteries. Hence, the hydrometallurgy method still needs improvements for the environmentally friendly reagent. Therefore, bioleaching will be a nickel laterite leaching process in the future by using bacteria as the reducing agent.

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