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INDONESIA
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
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Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 1, No 1 (2012)" : 10 Documents clear
SINTESIS SURFAKTAN ALKIL POLIGLIKOSIDA DARI GLUKOSA DAN DODEKANOL DENGAN KATALIS ASAM Anastasia Wulan Pratidina Swasono, Putri Dei Elvarosa Sianturi, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.110

Abstract

Alkyl polyglicoside (APG) is an enviromentally friendly product  non-ionic surfactact and  biodegradable product that can be obtained by reacting glucose and fatty alcohol. The purpose of this study was to know the manufacture of surfactant alkyl polyglicoside by using glucose and dodecanol, and also to know the effect of catalyst concentration and molar ratio glucose  and dodecanol: 1:1; 1:2: 2:1 (mol/mol), catalyst consentration of hydrochloric acid: 0.3 M; 0,4 M; 0,5 M; 0,6 M at temperature 100 0C. The analysis in this research using FT-IR spectroscopy, analysis of surface tension (Critical Micelle Concentration) and HLB values ​​(Hidrophylic-Lipophylic Balance). The best catalyst concentration at synthesis of alkyl polyglicoside is 0.6 M, the largest surface tension (CMC) at ratio glucose and dodecanol 2:1 is 70.7945% and the highest HLB value is 7.31 in comparison of glucose and dodecanol 2:1.Keywords : surfactant, glucose, dodecanol, FT-IR spectroscopy, HLB
KAJIAN KEMURNIAN DAN PENGARUH NISBAH PEREAKSI, pH AWAL REAKSI DAN SUHU REAKSI TERHADAP NILAI CMC & HLB NATRIUM LIGNOSULFONAT Eric Wirtanto, Michael Lim, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.111

Abstract

Sodium lignosulphonate (SLS) is a product of isolated lignin sulphonation process using NaHSO3 as sulphonation agent.The research begins with isolated lignin from palm shell amd continued with sulphonation with mass ratio of palm shell lignin – NaHSO3(b/b) of 1:0.2, 1:0.3, and 1:0.5 and initial pH of 6, 7, and 8  at temperature 85 oC and 95 oC. The purity of SLS made in this studies was 66,782 %. The CMC value of this SLS ranged from 0,014 – 0,052; while the lowering of surface tension of water ranged from 53,63 – 59,83 dyne/cm.  The HLB value ranged from 3,805 – 4,278; means that this surfactant classified as lipophilic. The resulted SLS was dark brown, and water soluble.Keywords: palm shell lignin, lignin, sodium lignosulphonate, sulphonation
KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN PENGARUH NISBAH PEREAKSI, pH AWAL REAKSI DAN SUHU REAKSI TERHADAP BERAT RENDEMEN NATRIUM LIGNOSULFONAT Michael Lim, Eric Wirtanto, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.112

Abstract

Indonesia as one of the biggest producer of crude palm oil in the world for sure will have some problems on handling their wastes such as palm shell. Palm shell is one of industrial wastes that having low commercial value with contain about 29,4 % lignin component which very potential for  use as new raw material for Sodium LignoSulfonat production. Sodium lignosulphonate (SLS) is a product of isolated lignin sulphonation process using NaHSO3 as sulphonation agent.The research begins with isolated lignin from palm shell amd continued with sulphonation with mass ratio of palm shell lignin – NaHSO3(b/b) of 1:0.2, 1:0.3, and 1:0.5 and initial pH of 6,7 and  8  at temperature 85 oC and 95 oC. Studies on the efeect of various ratio of palm shell lignin – NaHSO3 and initial pH and temperature for the sulphonation raction showed an increasing yield  of (SLS) yield. The highest SLS yield of 51,2 % was obtained under condition mass ratio of palm shell lignin – NaHSO3 1:0.3, pH 7 and at temperature 95 oC. The resulted SLS was dark brown, purity 66,1782, pH level between 6-7, water soluble.Key words : palm shell lignin, lignin, surfactant, sodium lignosulphonate
PENGGUNAAN TANAH BENTONIT SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM Cu Daniel S Bath, Jenal M Siregar, M Turmuzi Lubis
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.114

Abstract

Bentonite serve the purpose of substance adsorpsi because swelling ability and cation for exchange. But adsorption ability is limited so that require to be activated by strong acid to higher level adsorption of bentonite. This research use Ca-Bentonit activated by strong acid HCl. Cation Cu analysed by using Spektofometri Serapan Atom (SSA).  Result of research  indicate that the increasing of HCl concentration and activation time can improve the adsorption capacity of bentonite. Maximum HCl concentration at 1,6 M and maximum activation time at 24 hour. Optimum heavy bentonite at 4 gr of 100 ppm Cu solution and optimum contact time at 2 hour. Result from Cu isoterm adsorption is weight of adsorption have same range with Cu concentration. Keywords : adsorption, bentonite, removal of Cu metal
STUDI ISOLASI DAN RENDEMEN LIGNIN DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) Harmaja Simatupang, Andi Nata, Netti Herlina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.115

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by the palm oil industry that contain lots of fiber. Based from its chemical composition, TKKS has the potential to be used as a source of chemicals that lignin. Lignin can be used commercially as binders, adhesives, fillers, surfactants, polymer products, dispersants and other chemicals. This study used fiber powder TKKS cleared of extractive substances to extract them using benzene: 96% ethanol (2:1, v / v) for 6 hours. Fiber powder is then cooked with a variety of cooking 1,2,3 hours with the addition of NaOH variation of 10%, 15%, and 20% to obtain the black liquor, black liquor and dilution variations during lignin isolation. The results showed that the optimum yield of lignin obtained is 16.42% with 84.21% purity lignin in cooking 2 hour treatment with the addition of 20% NaOH and diluting the black liquor 1:2. The test results showed FT-IR has wavelengths lignin constituent functional groups in according with the standard lignin. Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, lignin, lignin isolated, yield
PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DARI BERBAGAI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT Irvan, Irma Suraya, Hari Tiarasti, Bambang Trisakti, Rosdanelli Hasibuan, Yoshimasa Tomiuchi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.116

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Fe level as trace metal on the quantity of biogas produced from the fermentation of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Materials used in this study included POME from one of the palm oil factories belong to PTPN IV, hydrochloric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and trace metal. Observed variables were volume of biogas, concentration of Fe in fermentor, rate of degradation total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS), and CO2 at Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 6 days. Before HRT of 6 days reached, initial trace metal composition of Fe added were 25.2 mg / L, Co 0.42 mg / L and Ni 0.49 mg/ L. After that, composition of trace metal were consisted only Co and Ni. The results of this study showed that Fe as a trace metal did not affect the production or quantity of biogas and concentration Fe on level > 330 mg/L decreased the value of CH4, total solid (TS) and  volatil solid (VS). Thus, Fe in the trace metal is no longer required if there is a high content of Fe in POME because it can be toxic for microorganism in the fermentation of biogas.Keywords : biogas, concentration of Fe, fermentation of POME, trace metal, TS, VS.
PERANCANGAN AWAL PABRIK BIOHIDROGEN DARI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN FERMENTASI ANAEROBIK PADA KONDISI TERMOFILIK Bambang Trisakti, Irvan, Hari Tiarasti, Irma Suraya
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.117

Abstract

Indonesia has a lot of natural resources which is deficient to fulfill the energy demand of consumers, particularly fuel. Therefore, the government keeps on promoting the search for alternative energy. One of these is hydrogen. Hydrogen is an environmental friendly product that does not produce carbon emissions. In the formation of hydrogen we can use carbohydrate-rich waste as a raw material and by using fermentation process. However, it is still limited research only. So this encourage us to design biohydrogen plant from palm oil mill effluent (POME) with the conditions of thermophilic anaerobic fermentation in order to accomplish the needs of consumers and contribute in developing clean technologies. For the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year, the total investment required to build a factory of biohydrogen in Indonesia is Rp. 507,190,573,523, - with a total production cost of Rp. 354,636,600,139, -. Parameter feasibility of the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year is the total product sales of Rp 174,261,989.701, - and net income 180,030,185,327, -. Profit Margin (PM) 41.9% Break Even Point (BEP) 45.24%, Return on Investment (ROI) 35.5%, Pay Out Time (POT) 2.82 years, Return of Network (RON) 59.16%, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 53.52 %.Keywords: anaerobic fermentation, biohydrogen, IRR, POME, thermophilic
PENENTUAN KONDISI KESEIMBANGAN UNIT LEACHING PADA PRODUKSI EUGENOL DARI DAUN CENGKEH Tagora Bangkit P.S, Rinaldry Sirait, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.119

Abstract

Leafs of clove is an alternative source to obtain clove oil. Clove oil is classified into essential oil with eugenol as its main component. Clove oil is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. The objective of this research is to obtain clove oil by solid-liquid extraction (leaching). This research was expected to give data of solid-liquid equilibrium for designing solid liquid extractor. This research was carried out by leaching process with ethanol as its solvent. The extract was then purified by distillation to separate solvent from oil. The fixed variables which were used in this research were stirring rate of 460 rpm and 90 grams dry-based clove leaf. Extraction process was carried out by using solvent with temperature of 30oC and 50oC, extraction time of 1-3 hours with 0.5 hour increment and solvent volume of 500 ml and 600 ml. The results showed that the highest yield of clove oil extraction was obtained at temperature of 50oC and solvent volume of 600 ml. Equilibrium was reached after 2.5 hours and 79%  eugenol concentration in the solvent.Keywords : leaching, distillation, clove oil, yield, eugenol
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ALKANOLAMIDA TURUNAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT UJI TARIK VULKANISAT KARET ALAM BERPENGISI SILIKA Darwis Syarifuddin Hutapea, Harry Laksana Tampubolon, Indra Surya
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.129

Abstract

By using semi-efficient sulfur accelerated vulcanization sistem, an investigation about function of the alkanolamide as additive material on silica filled natural  rubber was carried out. Alkanolamide was made by reacted between refined bleaching deodorized palm stearin with diethanolamine. Alkanolamide was added  to the natural rubber compound silica filled, which is resulted vulcanizate natural  rubber filled compound and occurring increasing of tensile strength, modulusand crosslinkdensity  up to 5 phr. If was added  more 5 phr, so  reduction of the tensile strength modulus and crosslink density.Keywords : Alkanolamide,Tensile Strength, Crosslink Density, Natural Rubber Vulcanizate 
EKSTRAKSI PEKTIN DARI KULIT BUAH PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca) Farida Hanum, Martha Angelina Tarigan, Irza Menka Deviliany Kaban
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.135

Abstract

Pectin are polymer of D-galacturonic acid connected by β-1,4 glucosidic. Pectin are widely used in pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. This research was expected to took advantage of banana peels (Musa paradisiaca) by producing pectin. The research used an extraction method by using acid solvent in additional to ethanol to form the sediment of pectin and the last step is drying in order to get dry pectin. The fixed variables which were used in this research were 10 grams banana peels, 10% water content of sample, and chloride acid solvent. Extraction process was carried out by pH 1; 1,5; 2; extraction time of 70, 80, 90, 100 minute, and temperature of 80 oC, 90 oC. The results showed that the highest yield of pectin extraction was obtained at temperature of 80 oC, pH 1,5 during 80 minute with 11,88% water content, 0,98% ash content, and 3,72% the methoxyl content.Keywords : extraction, drying, pectin, yield, methoxyl content

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