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INDONESIA
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
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Articles 349 Documents
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PENGARUH BIODEGRADASI DENGAN TEKNIK PENANAMAN TERHADAP PRODUK LATEKS KARET ALAM BERPENGISI TEPUNG KULIT PISANG YANG DIPUTIHKAN DENGAN HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA Erick Kamil, Emelya Khoesoema, Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i2.107

Abstract

Natural rubber latex products filled with bleached banana skin powder were identified by burying samples in soil. Soil burial was carried out by adding NPK fertilizer and without fertilizer. One of the tests which was carried out was weight loss calculation. Weight loss calculation showed that natural rubber latex products filled with bleached banana skin powder biodegraded faster than natural rubber latex products without filler. The addition of fertilizer also contributed to biodegradability of samples. The other test was FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) test. The results of FTIR test showed there were structure changes in natural rubber latex which indicated natural rubber latex had been biodegraded.Keywords: biodegradation, bleaching, banana skin powder, natural rubber latex, hydrogen peroxide
PENGARUH PENCUACAAN ALAMI TERHADAP PRODUK LATEKS KARET ALAM BERPENGISI TEPUNG KULIT PISANG YANG DIPUTIHKAN DENGAN HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA Emelya Khoesoema, Erick Kamil, Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i2.108

Abstract

The effect of exposing bleached banana skin powder-filled natural rubber products to sun light and weather with variation of bleached banana skin powder filler loading. Banana skin powder was dried and bleached with hydrogen peroxide and made into disperse system. Natural rubber latex was compounded with bleached banana skin powder with filler loading of 0 to 20 phr (per hundred rubber). Natural rubber latex products, which were produced, were hung in air and exposed to sun light and weather. The degradation of bleached banana skin powder-filled natural rubber products were evaluated by calculating weight loss of samples and performing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test. Natural rubber latex lost weight after exposure to sun light and weather from 1 to 16 weeks due to photo-oxidation process.Keywords: latex, banana skin powder, biodegradation, hydrogen peroxide, weight loss 
SINTESIS SURFAKTAN ALKIL POLIGLIKOSIDA DARI GLUKOSA DAN DODEKANOL DENGAN KATALIS ASAM Anastasia Wulan Pratidina Swasono, Putri Dei Elvarosa Sianturi, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.110

Abstract

Alkyl polyglicoside (APG) is an enviromentally friendly product  non-ionic surfactact and  biodegradable product that can be obtained by reacting glucose and fatty alcohol. The purpose of this study was to know the manufacture of surfactant alkyl polyglicoside by using glucose and dodecanol, and also to know the effect of catalyst concentration and molar ratio glucose  and dodecanol: 1:1; 1:2: 2:1 (mol/mol), catalyst consentration of hydrochloric acid: 0.3 M; 0,4 M; 0,5 M; 0,6 M at temperature 100 0C. The analysis in this research using FT-IR spectroscopy, analysis of surface tension (Critical Micelle Concentration) and HLB values ​​(Hidrophylic-Lipophylic Balance). The best catalyst concentration at synthesis of alkyl polyglicoside is 0.6 M, the largest surface tension (CMC) at ratio glucose and dodecanol 2:1 is 70.7945% and the highest HLB value is 7.31 in comparison of glucose and dodecanol 2:1.Keywords : surfactant, glucose, dodecanol, FT-IR spectroscopy, HLB
KAJIAN KEMURNIAN DAN PENGARUH NISBAH PEREAKSI, pH AWAL REAKSI DAN SUHU REAKSI TERHADAP NILAI CMC & HLB NATRIUM LIGNOSULFONAT Eric Wirtanto, Michael Lim, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.111

Abstract

Sodium lignosulphonate (SLS) is a product of isolated lignin sulphonation process using NaHSO3 as sulphonation agent.The research begins with isolated lignin from palm shell amd continued with sulphonation with mass ratio of palm shell lignin – NaHSO3(b/b) of 1:0.2, 1:0.3, and 1:0.5 and initial pH of 6, 7, and 8  at temperature 85 oC and 95 oC. The purity of SLS made in this studies was 66,782 %. The CMC value of this SLS ranged from 0,014 – 0,052; while the lowering of surface tension of water ranged from 53,63 – 59,83 dyne/cm.  The HLB value ranged from 3,805 – 4,278; means that this surfactant classified as lipophilic. The resulted SLS was dark brown, and water soluble.Keywords: palm shell lignin, lignin, sodium lignosulphonate, sulphonation
KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN PENGARUH NISBAH PEREAKSI, pH AWAL REAKSI DAN SUHU REAKSI TERHADAP BERAT RENDEMEN NATRIUM LIGNOSULFONAT Michael Lim, Eric Wirtanto, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.112

Abstract

Indonesia as one of the biggest producer of crude palm oil in the world for sure will have some problems on handling their wastes such as palm shell. Palm shell is one of industrial wastes that having low commercial value with contain about 29,4 % lignin component which very potential for  use as new raw material for Sodium LignoSulfonat production. Sodium lignosulphonate (SLS) is a product of isolated lignin sulphonation process using NaHSO3 as sulphonation agent.The research begins with isolated lignin from palm shell amd continued with sulphonation with mass ratio of palm shell lignin – NaHSO3(b/b) of 1:0.2, 1:0.3, and 1:0.5 and initial pH of 6,7 and  8  at temperature 85 oC and 95 oC. Studies on the efeect of various ratio of palm shell lignin – NaHSO3 and initial pH and temperature for the sulphonation raction showed an increasing yield  of (SLS) yield. The highest SLS yield of 51,2 % was obtained under condition mass ratio of palm shell lignin – NaHSO3 1:0.3, pH 7 and at temperature 95 oC. The resulted SLS was dark brown, purity 66,1782, pH level between 6-7, water soluble.Key words : palm shell lignin, lignin, surfactant, sodium lignosulphonate
PENGGUNAAN TANAH BENTONIT SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM Cu Daniel S Bath, Jenal M Siregar, M Turmuzi Lubis
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.114

Abstract

Bentonite serve the purpose of substance adsorpsi because swelling ability and cation for exchange. But adsorption ability is limited so that require to be activated by strong acid to higher level adsorption of bentonite. This research use Ca-Bentonit activated by strong acid HCl. Cation Cu analysed by using Spektofometri Serapan Atom (SSA).  Result of research  indicate that the increasing of HCl concentration and activation time can improve the adsorption capacity of bentonite. Maximum HCl concentration at 1,6 M and maximum activation time at 24 hour. Optimum heavy bentonite at 4 gr of 100 ppm Cu solution and optimum contact time at 2 hour. Result from Cu isoterm adsorption is weight of adsorption have same range with Cu concentration. Keywords : adsorption, bentonite, removal of Cu metal
STUDI ISOLASI DAN RENDEMEN LIGNIN DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) Harmaja Simatupang, Andi Nata, Netti Herlina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.115

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by the palm oil industry that contain lots of fiber. Based from its chemical composition, TKKS has the potential to be used as a source of chemicals that lignin. Lignin can be used commercially as binders, adhesives, fillers, surfactants, polymer products, dispersants and other chemicals. This study used fiber powder TKKS cleared of extractive substances to extract them using benzene: 96% ethanol (2:1, v / v) for 6 hours. Fiber powder is then cooked with a variety of cooking 1,2,3 hours with the addition of NaOH variation of 10%, 15%, and 20% to obtain the black liquor, black liquor and dilution variations during lignin isolation. The results showed that the optimum yield of lignin obtained is 16.42% with 84.21% purity lignin in cooking 2 hour treatment with the addition of 20% NaOH and diluting the black liquor 1:2. The test results showed FT-IR has wavelengths lignin constituent functional groups in according with the standard lignin. Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, lignin, lignin isolated, yield
PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DARI BERBAGAI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT Irvan, Irma Suraya, Hari Tiarasti, Bambang Trisakti, Rosdanelli Hasibuan, Yoshimasa Tomiuchi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.116

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Fe level as trace metal on the quantity of biogas produced from the fermentation of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Materials used in this study included POME from one of the palm oil factories belong to PTPN IV, hydrochloric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and trace metal. Observed variables were volume of biogas, concentration of Fe in fermentor, rate of degradation total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS), and CO2 at Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 6 days. Before HRT of 6 days reached, initial trace metal composition of Fe added were 25.2 mg / L, Co 0.42 mg / L and Ni 0.49 mg/ L. After that, composition of trace metal were consisted only Co and Ni. The results of this study showed that Fe as a trace metal did not affect the production or quantity of biogas and concentration Fe on level > 330 mg/L decreased the value of CH4, total solid (TS) and  volatil solid (VS). Thus, Fe in the trace metal is no longer required if there is a high content of Fe in POME because it can be toxic for microorganism in the fermentation of biogas.Keywords : biogas, concentration of Fe, fermentation of POME, trace metal, TS, VS.
PERANCANGAN AWAL PABRIK BIOHIDROGEN DARI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN FERMENTASI ANAEROBIK PADA KONDISI TERMOFILIK Bambang Trisakti, Irvan, Hari Tiarasti, Irma Suraya
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i1.117

Abstract

Indonesia has a lot of natural resources which is deficient to fulfill the energy demand of consumers, particularly fuel. Therefore, the government keeps on promoting the search for alternative energy. One of these is hydrogen. Hydrogen is an environmental friendly product that does not produce carbon emissions. In the formation of hydrogen we can use carbohydrate-rich waste as a raw material and by using fermentation process. However, it is still limited research only. So this encourage us to design biohydrogen plant from palm oil mill effluent (POME) with the conditions of thermophilic anaerobic fermentation in order to accomplish the needs of consumers and contribute in developing clean technologies. For the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year, the total investment required to build a factory of biohydrogen in Indonesia is Rp. 507,190,573,523, - with a total production cost of Rp. 354,636,600,139, -. Parameter feasibility of the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year is the total product sales of Rp 174,261,989.701, - and net income 180,030,185,327, -. Profit Margin (PM) 41.9% Break Even Point (BEP) 45.24%, Return on Investment (ROI) 35.5%, Pay Out Time (POT) 2.82 years, Return of Network (RON) 59.16%, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 53.52 %.Keywords: anaerobic fermentation, biohydrogen, IRR, POME, thermophilic
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN ALKALI DALAM KEKUATAN BENTUR DAN UJI DEGRADASI PADA KOMPOSIT TERMOPLASTIK BERPENGISI SERBUK SERABUT KELAPA Harry Abrido S, Johannes Leonard S, Maulida
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v1i2.118

Abstract

Composite is a combination of two different materials to obtain a material with physical properties and mechanical properties are better than any of its constituent parts. One of the many types of produced composite is composite with powdered natural fiber. This study uses the former polypropylene matrix derived from aqua cup and powdered coconut fiber as filler treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The ratio of the matrix and the filler is 85:15. This ratio is the optimum value obtained by the composite tensile strength with some ratios are 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of an alkaline solution of the resulting composite properties such as impact strength, as well as the effect of degradation test on composite material former polypropylene with powdered coconut fiber as filler. Variation of composite degradation test were 10, 20 and 30 days, and immersion powder for 1 and 2 days. The method used in the manufacture of composites is the method of extrusion. The matrix form of the former polypropylene mixed with coconut fiber powder that has been soaked with NaOH, then mixed in a container, then put into the extruder operating temperature 1750C, printed using a hot press at a temperature of 1750C, and cut into pieces appropriate testing. The results showed that the optimum processing occurs with NaOH for 2 days. The test results showed degradation soaking for 2 days has impact strength values ​​higher than 1 day is equal to 0.086 J / mm at 10 days, 0.048 J / mm at 20 days and 0.052 J / mm at 30 days.Keywords : composite, former polypropylene, coconut fiber, NaOH, degradation test

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