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INDONESIA
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 9 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 2, No 2 (2013)" : 9 Documents clear
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BATANG JAGUNG SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ALTERNATIF PADA PENGURANGAN KADAR KLORIN DALAM AIR OLAHAN (TREATED WATER) Fatimah Hutasuhut, Siswarni MZ
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i2.1678

Abstract

Various result of agricultural waste that contain high cellulose can be used as an alternative adsorbent. One of them was derived from dried corn stalks which traditionally burnt after harvest that lead to environmental pollution. It is necessary to produce the value-added materials from corn stalks waste as an alternative adsorbent to reduce the level of chlorine in treated water. This process was performed by using various level of sulfuric acid concentration 1%, 3% and 5%, particles size 50 and 70 mesh in 105 oC with adsorbtion time 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The most favorable activation result was obtained at 5% concentration, with particle size 70 mesh, adsorbtion time 90 minutes and the iodine value was 482 mg/l with level of adsorbed chlorine was 96,08%. Based on this findings, we concluded that the corn stalks waste can be used as an alternative adsorbent in reducing the level of chlorine in treated water. Keywords: alternative adsorbents, corn stalks, chemical activation
HUBUNGAN KETERGANTUNGAN PROSES ANTARA PROSES SPLITTING DAN DISTILASI PADA INDUSTRI OLEOKIMIA Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i2.1885

Abstract

The normal production yield target of a fatty acid distillated products (FADP) or DPOFA (Distilled Palm Oil Fatty Acid)’s fail to be achieved, and lead to do a particular analysis and study - to solve the problem in industrial scale. The DPOFA’s manufactured through degumming, splitting and distillation processs. The production yield’s improved in this study by using trial and error method. The improved splitting degree (98 % minimum) helped much better DPOFA production yield - come to be 93 % (normal target). There are strong processes interrelationship between splitting and distillation process. Keywords : splitting degree, hydrolysis, production yield, target, distillation
PENGARUH WAKTU SIMPAN FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADASI DARI PATI KULIT SINGKONG TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIKALNYA Fauzi Akbar, Zulisma Anita, Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i2.2056

Abstract

Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in nature with the help of microorganisms. The use of starch as the main material of plastic manufacturing has great potential because in Indonesia there are different starch crops. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added to the plasticizer glycerol, in order to obtain a more flexible plastic and elastic. This study reviews the use of cassava starch and glycerol skin as a base for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of storage time on the mechanical properties of plastic film biodegradation of starch cassava peel. The results obtained in the form of a thin sheet plastic film that have been tested mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and elasticity. Mechanical properties of plastic films will decrease every week due to the absorption of moisture and plasticizer migration occurs in a matrix of plastic films for storage. Keywords : Biodegradable, skin cassava starch, plasticizers
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GLISEROL TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADASI DARI PATI KULIT SINGKONG Zulisma Anita, Fauzi Akbar, Hamidah Harahap
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i2.2059

Abstract

Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in nature with the help of microorganisms. The use of starch as the main material of plastic manufacturing has great potential because in Indonesia there are different starch crops. To obtain bioplastics, starch is added to the glycerol, in order to obtain a more flexible plastic and elastic. This study reviews the use of cassava starch and glycerol skin asa base for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of adding glycerol in the process of making biodegradable plastic from cassava peel waste. In this research, the study of bioplastic manufacturing mixed starch with glycerol as a plastisizer to do variations of the glycerol. The results obtained in the form of a thin sheet of plastic (plastic film) that have been tested mechanical properties obtained optimum data variables namely cassava starch composition 3,5%, and the power og pull 0,02122Mpa, and plastic film storage time for 14 days. Keywords: biodegradable, film plastic, plasticizers
PENGARUH KATALIS NaOH PADA PROSES ISOLASI LIGNIN DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT Masdayani Rambe, Andi Nata, Netti Herlina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i2.2101

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by the palm oil industry that contain lot of fibers. Based from its chemical composition, TKKS has the potential to be used as a source of chemicals that lignin. Lignin can be used commercially as binders, adhesives, fillers, surfactants, polymer products, dispersants and other chemicals. This study used fiber powder TKKS cleared of extractive substances to extract them using benzene: 96% ethanol (2:1, v / v) for 6 hours. Fiber powder is then cooked with a variety of cooking 1,2,3 hours with the addition of NaOH variation of 10%, 15%, and 20% to obtain the black liquor, black liquor and dilution variations during lignin isolation. The results showed that the optimum yield of lignin obtained is 16.42% with 84.21% purity lignin in cooking 2 hour treatment with the addition of 20% NaOH and diluting the black liquor 1:2. The test results showed FT-IR has wavelengths lignin constituent functional groups in according with the standard lignin. Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches,TKKS, lignin, lignin isolated
PEMANFAATAN BIJI KELOR SEBAGAI KOAGULAN PADA PROSES KOAGULASI LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN JAR TEST Riko Putra, Buyung Lebu, MHD Darwis Munthe, Ahmad Mulia Rambe
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i2.2102

Abstract

For a long time the use of moringa seed as waste rarely used, needs developing further to process liquid waste more economically and environmentally friendly. The research was done to find the effect of moringa seed as coagulant and the precipitation time to the turbidity decrease percentage, TSS and COD of liquid waste of whey industry by using the coagulation-flocculation method. The research variables are moringga seed dose (2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000 mg/liter of liquid waste of whey industry), the precipitation time (50, 60 and 70 minutes) with the particle size of 50 mesh and pH used is pH of liquid waste of whey industry. The research used the jar test tool. The data analysis was done graphically. The result of the research showed that in the range of time the observation was done, the moringa seed dose as an optimal coagulant being 3000 mg/liter of the liquid waste of whey industry in the precipitation time of 50 minutes could set aside the turbidity over 89,42%, TTS over 98,73% and COD over 69,58%. Keywords: moringa seeds, liquid waste industrial of whey, coagulation, flocculation
EKSTRAKSI KEMIRI DENGAN METODE SOXHLET DAN KARAKTERISASI MINYAK KEMIRI Ariestya Arlene
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i2.2113

Abstract

Candlenut is originally from Hawaii. This plant is then spread all over the countries, including Indonesia, and firstly grow in Maluku. Candlenut becomes domestic and foreign commodities in Indonesia. This plant is known well because the seed is often used as the cooking ingredient. The seed of candlenut contains a large amount of oil, which is 50-60% from the mass of the seed. Candlenut oil is used as hair fertilizer, paint materials, and varnish material. With further research, candlenut oil is expected to be applied in wider scope. The aim of this research is to extract the candlenut oil from its seed maximally with Soxhlet extraction method. The benefit of this research is to give inputs and information about the suitable solvent that influence the oil extraction from candlenut seed, which can increase the use of candlenut as natural resource and support the other industries. The method of this research consists of early treatment of candlenut seed, Soxhlet extraction with acetone, ethanol, and n-hexane as solvent, then continued with the analysis of the oil. The conclusion of this research are the solvent which produce the highest yield in oil extraction of candlenut seed is n-hexane, with the yield value is 74,57% from the mass of the seed. However, the best quality of the candlenut oil is obtained from extraction with ethanol as the solvent, with the acid value is 8,27 gram KOH/gram oil. Keywords: soxhlet, candlenut, acetone, ethanol, n-hexane
KINETIKA REAKSI FERMENTASI ALKOHOL DARI BUAH SALAK Fatimah, Febrina Lia G, Lina Rahmasari G
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i2.2257

Abstract

Research about bioethanol production from salak that are not marketable has been done. Salak containing 16.07% starch and 32.96% glucose, so that salak is potential to be converted into bioethanol by fermentation. This research aimed to study reaction kinetic of alcoholic fermentation that are the reaction kinetic of the hydrolysis of starch to glucose and fermentation of glucose to alcohol from salak by using Saccharomyces cereviseae. Hydrolysis of starch reaction containing two reaction rate controls that are chemical reaction and film diffusion. The results obtained for the hydrolysis reaction that the reacion rate constant is 1,41 x 10-11 and the film diffusion coefficient constant is 0,47 x 10-11 so the rate of the hydrolysis reaction is controlled by the film diffusion. Reaction rate constant for fermentation is 169,88. During the process of fermentation, the concentration of starch and glucose tended to decreased by time of fermentation and bioethanol concentration tended to increase by time of fermentation. Keywords : fermentation, hydrolysis, bioethanol, reaction kinetics
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN ALKALI DALAM UJI FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED PADA KOMPOSIT TERMOPLASTIK BERPENGISI SERBUK SERABUT KELAPA Johannes Leonard S, Harry Abrido S, Maulida
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v2i2.3551

Abstract

Composite is a combination of two different materials to obtain a material with physical and mechanical properties are better than any of its constituent parts. One of the composite types which is much produced is composite with powdered natural fiber filler. This research uses the used polypropylene matrix and powdered coconut fiber as filler treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The ratio of the matrix and the filler is 85:15. This ratio is the optimum value obtained by the composite tensile strength with ratio 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of an alkaline solution of the resulting composite properties especially towards lignin level, with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test on composite material used polypropylene with powdered coconut fiber as filler. The method used in the manufacture of composites is the method of extrusion. The matrix form of the used polypropylene mixed with coconut fiber powder that has been soaked with NaOH, then mixed in a container, then put into the extruder operating temperature 1750C, printed using a hot press at a temperature of 1750C, and cut into pieces appropriate testing. The results showed that the optimum processing occurs with NaOH for 2 days. The FTIR test result, showed that –OH cluster switch occured, be seen from the shifting of absortion band from 3417.04 cm-1 to 3476.84 cm-1 for the powdered coconut fiber and the shifting of absortion band from 3343.75 cm-1 to 3192.33 cm-1 for the composite, which is the –OH cluster of the lignin. Keywords : composite, used polypropylene, coconut fiber, NaOH, FTIR test, lignin level

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