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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU

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Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

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Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 1 (2017)" : 9 Documents clear

PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI DAN KOMPOSISI LIMBAH ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) UNTUK MENGHASILKAN GAS BIO DENGAN METODE HIDROLISA BASA MENGGUNAKAN NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA (NaOH) Setiaty Pandia, Pri Hartini
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a plant that become aquatic waste and its existence has not yet widelyused. The content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin inside it can be used into biogas through fermentation process.The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of alkali pretreatment methods on the yield biogas volume and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) revomal percentage. The study was did by fermentation process the water hyacinth with NaOH concentration of 2,86; 3;4; and 6,67 (M) with water in ratio hyacinth:water 70:30; 50:50; 30:70 and 100:0 (v/v) mixed with cow dug starter in an anaerobic digester batch system of 2,5 L capacity. In this study the highest biogas production at NaOH concentration 6,67 M was in ratio of 70:30 (v/v) with yield biogas volume 506 mL and TSS revomal percentage of 93,23%. Minimum value of gasbio production concentration of NaOH 3M withwater hyacinth:water ratio 30:70 (v/v) generate yield biogas volume 158 mL and TSS revomal percentage of 81,48%.

PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK DEDAK PADI DENGAN REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN ZEOLIT ALAM YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN KOH Taslim, Sri Zahrani Dwi Mauliyah Parinduri, Putri Retno Wahyu Ningsih
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Biodiesel was usually produced from transesterification using alchohol. In this research rice bran oil was used as feedstock and methanol was used as reagent. The transesterification of rice bran oil had studied using KOH/natural zeolite as a solid heterogeneous catalyst. The objective of this study was to discover the effectivess of using natural zeolite modified by KOH as heterogeneous catalysts in the production of biodiesel from rice bran oil (RBO). KOH/natural zeolite catalyst was prepared by modification through impregnation method which was conducted on various KOH concentration (75 gram/100 ml – 175 gram/100 ml). Transesterification reaction was conducted at 60 ºC, 500 rpm, and various amount of catalyst (2-4%), reaction time (1,5-3,5 hour) and molar ratio alcohol/oil (8:1-12:1). The highest yield of biodiesel was 98,71%, which was obtained by using 2% catalyst, reaction time 2 hour, molar ratio alcohol/oil 10:1. Natural zeolite as heterogeneous catalyst which modified by KOH could get the higher yield biodiesel on transesterification.

PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG BUAH KARET (Hevea brasilliensis) DENGAN AKTIVATOR H3PO4 DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENJERAP Cr(VI) Muhammad Zulfadhli, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v6i1.15240

Activated carbon from lignocellulosic materials are renewable, abundant, and inexpesive. Rubber shell activated carbon that activated chemicaly has abilty to adsorp heavy metal. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of phosphoric acid concentration toward characteristics of rubber shell activated carbon, and its ability to adsorp Cr(VI). The materials used in this research are rubber shell, aquadest, and Cr(VI) solution. This research was started by impregnating rubber shell with phosphoric acid at 20%, 40% and 60% for 1 hour and then sample was carbonizated in furnace at 500oC for 1 hour. After that, activated carbon was applied to adsorp Cr(VI). The characteristic of surface area of rubber shell activated carbon are measured by BET method. Furthermore, the residual concentration of Cr(VI) was measured with Atomic Adsortion Spectrophotometer. The result shows that characteristics of rubber shell activated carbon such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter have fulfilled National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) except ash content of activated carbon that activated by 20% phosphoric acid. Surface area of activated carbon has fulfilled the standard of commercial adsorbent. The largest adsorption capasity is obtained using Rubber shell activated carbon that activated by 40% phosphoric acid with adsorption percentage 96,67%.

PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG BUAH KARET DENGAN AKTIVATOR H3PO4 DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENJERAP Pb(II) Joko Murtono, Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v6i1.15808

Activated carbon necessity in Indonesia was increasing along with the developments of the industriaization era. Based on natural product in Indonesia, probably activated carbon necessity could be guaranteed by domestic production. Rubber shells were solid waste which has potential for multiple uses such as raw materials for the manufacture of activated carbon. In this researched, rubber shells waste were processed into activated charcoal. The aim of this researhed was to determine the effect of the concentration of phosphoric acid activator toward the characteristics of the activated carbon and activated carbon absorption capacity to Pb(II). Shells rubber that passed by the of 100 mesh sieve was impregnated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as activator in the ratio fruit shells rubber: phosphoric acid (b:b) of 1:2 and varying concentrations of H3PO4 at 20%, 40%, and 60% for 1 hour. After immersion in the acid, then material was carbonized in a furnace at temperature 500 oC for 1 hour. Surface area of activated carbon was analyzed by usning Braunanear, Emmelt and Teller and concentration of adsorption of Pb(II) was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results showed the general characteristics of activated carbon comparable to the Indonesian National Standard. The largest adsorption capasity percentage 74% is obtained using Rubber shell activated carbon that activated by 20% phosphoric acid .

PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM KADMIUM MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN NANO ZEOLIT ALAM ACEH Cut Raziah, Zerlinda Putri, Atika Rahmi Lubis, Sofyana, Zuhra, Suhendrayatna, Sri Mulyati
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The presence of Cadmium (Cd) in groundwater is an issue that needs serious handling as it causes problems to human health. The removal of Cadmium (Cd) can be done by various methods such as adsorption, oxidation, filtration, and many more. In this study, the method used was adsorption using Aceh natural zeolite. This process was expected to reduce Cd metal as effectively as possible. The adsorption was conducted by varying contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH and initial concentration of Cd metal. The crystallized Aceh natural zeolite was characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) with Si/Al zeolite ratio of 4.36 %. The concentration of Cadmium in water was analyzed by means of Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) standard AA 630. The results showed that the adsorption of cadmium in water solution by Aceh natural zeolite occurred according to the Freundlich adsorption model. While the adsorption kinetic from the process was found to be a pseudo second order with k2 value of 1.53.

PENGARUH WAKTU AKTIVASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ADSORBEN DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa acuminate L) YANG DIAKTIVASI SECARA FISIKA Elvitriana, Vera Viena, Muhammad Nizar, Sari Wardani
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This study aimed to analyze the effect of activation time on characteristics of banana peels (Musa acuminate L) adsorbent prepared by physics activation. The adsorbent was prepared through two stages, the carbonation of banana skin conducted at 400 oC for 1.5 hours and the physics activation process conducted at 600 oC for 15, 30, and 45 minutes with variations 50 mesh and 100 mesh in size. Adsorbent characteristic parameters analyzed were water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, adsorption capacity of iodine, and determination of functional groups using FTIR. Results showed that characteristics of banana peels adsorbent met SNI No. 06-3730-1995 with a water content of 2-8%, 2-9% ash content, 12-17% volatile matter, fixed carbon 73-84% with iodine absorption of 952 mg/g. Results of FT-IR spectra, adsorbent has an absorption band spectra at wave number of 2850 – 2960 cm-1 with stretching vibration appeared on C-H group with intensity 92.50 with activation time of 45 minutes and 50 mesh size. Based on its characteristics analysis, it can be concluded that adsorbent from banana peels has potential to be applied as one of the active carbon absorbent for liquid and gaseous waste.

PENYISIHAN ION LOGAM MERKURI (Hg2+) MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN BERBAHAN BAKU LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN GULMA TANAMAN Miftahurrahmah, Suhendrayatna, Muhammad Zaki
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research was conducted to prepare adsorbents from agricultural and weeds waste biomass to remove Hg2+ metal ions from water phase. Water hyacinth biomass (agricultural waste) and rice husk (weed) was cleaned, dried in an oven dryer, and carbonized in a furnace at 500oC for 2 hours. Then, dried carbon was milled to get 100 mesh of size and was followed by activation using 0.5 N NaOH. The adsorption process was conducted by mix 1 gram of activated adsorbent on a 100 ml water containing 3 ppm Hg2+ metal ions at 100 rpm, pH 5, and 30oC. Hg2+ concentration in water phase were analyzed using AAS, Shimadzu AA-6300 for a specified time within a period of 20-100 minutes. This study shows that at the beginning process of adsorption, adsorbent from rice husk has ability to decrease 69.91% concentration of Hg2+ for 20 minutes, while adsorbent from water hyacinth reaches to 94.26%. The characterization results of FTIR spectra and SEM shows that adsorbent from water hyacinth was able to absorb more Hg2+ metal ions in a short time because it has a functional group that was able to bind heavy metals, and also has a random surface structure, compared with the adsorbent from rice husks that has less functional groups with uniform morphology structure

EKSTRAKSI KUERSETIN DARI KULIT TERONG BELANDA (Solanum betaceum Cav.) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ETANOL DENGAN METODE MASERASI DAN SOKLETASI Siswarni MZ; Yusrina Ika Putri; Rizka Rinda Pramasti
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The tamarillo peels (Solanum betaceum Cav.) contain flavonoid compounds, quercetin that can serve as antioxidant. This research aims to determine the best condition of operation in tamarillo peels extraction process to obtain the high yield value, and to prove the presence of antioxidant activity quantitatively. The materials used this research are tamarillo peels and ethanol. The independent variables in this research were the concentration of etanol which were 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% for maceration, and 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% for soxhletation. The extraction time are 3 days, 4 days, and 5 days for maceration and 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours for soxhletation. Extraction is done by maceration and soxhletation. The results of the qualitative analysis using FTIR represent the presence of functional groups such as keton, arylether, hydroxyl and aromatic rings which indicates quercetin compound’s presence. In quantitative analysis used Spectrofotometry UV-Vis, with the variation of 99% solvent concentration and 5 hours of extraction time for soxhletation, the highest yield value obtained 0,0877 mg/g. The variation of 80% solvent concentration and 5 days of extraction time for maceration, the highest yield value obtained 0,0705 mg/g

ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU DENGAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT DURIAN MENGGUNAKAN KOH DAN NaOH SEBAGAI AKTIVATOR Farida Hanum, Rikardo Jgst Gultom, Maradona Simanjuntak
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jutek.v6i1.16827

Durian is a kind of tropical fruits which can grow well in Indonesia. Durian is containing 60-75% shell. Durian shell could be a potential alternative to activated carbon because it contains 57.42% carbon. The aim of this research is to know the effect of contact time and stirring speed to activated carbon adsorption capacity from durian shell with KOH and NaOH as activators. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) analysis showed the activation process effects on absorption intensity wavelength region and resulted in formation of C = C aromatic tape, so that the nature of the charcoal becomes more polar compared with the initial condition. Analysis using spectrophotometer UV-Vis to determine absorbance and final concentration of each variation of contact time and stirring speed. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH on stirring speed of 150 rpm and a contact time of 90 minutes is equal to 3.92 mg / g and 3.8 mg / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH during the stirring speed 130 rpm and a contact time of 120 minutes is equal to 1785.263 m2 / g and 1730.332 m2 / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained from this research has met the standards of commercial activated carbon surface area was between 800-1800 m2/ g. Modeling pseudo second order presents a more representative adsorption data, a second order equation is based on the assumption that adsorption step is chemosorption.

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