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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU

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Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

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Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 3 (2017)" : 9 Documents clear

PEMANFAATAN ADSORBEN DARI KULIT BUAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacao l.) UNTUK MENURUNKAN CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND PADA PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT Setiaty Pandia, Astri Devi Yunita Siahaan, Anita Tiurmaida Hutagalung
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of cocoa peel as adsorbents to reduce the content of COD in POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent). The study was initiated by modifying the adsorbent, where the cleansed and crushed cocoa peels with a size variation of 70-100 mesh, 100-120 mesh, dan ≥120 mesh were activated with 0.6 M HNO3 solution at 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6 of adsorbent : HNO3 ratio while heated at 80 ᵒC for 2 hours. The adsorption process was carried out using variation of adsorbent mass of 1 g, 1,5 g, and 2 g in 50 mL of Palm Oil Mill Effluent at pH 2 and 200 rpm stirring rate, and variation of contact time of 1, 2, 3, 4 , and 5 hours. The study results showed that particle size ≥120 mesh with adsorbent : HNO3 ratio 1:4 produced the highest iodine number of 596,684 mg/g. The best adsorbent mass was 1 g at 2 hours contact time with 56.79% removal percentage for COD. The appropriate kinetics model of the adsorption of COD was the pseudo-second order model with the correlation coefficient of 0.732.

METODE OPTIMASI PADA SISTEM PENGENDALIAN PROSES TANGKI PEMANAS BERPENGADUK Rudy Agustriyanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

In this research, PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller tuning was done using optimization method and the result was compared to the other well-known tuning methods (Direct synthesis, Ziegler– Nichols). The purpose of this research is to obtain the best output response when the set point and disturbance are changed. Tuning is a useful process to set the controller parameter that can affect the output response from the changing set point (servo problem) as well as from the disturbance (regulatory problem). The controller performance can be evaluated from the value of Sum Squares of Error when the system is controlled by PID controllers that is tuned with chosen method. The research result showed that optimization method was better than the other methods because it could give the best result.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI KATALIS DAN WAKTU REAKSI PADA PEMBUATAN EPOKSI MINYAK GORENG BEKAS Yenni Listiana, Hilde Rosa Tampubolon, Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Epoxy is produced from an epoxidation of vegetable oil or natural oil with au nsaturated bond. Epoxy can be applied as a stabilizer, plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and can be used as an antioxidant in natural rubber processing, as a surfactant, anti-corrosive additive agent in lubricants and pesticide raw materials. The purpose of this research was to evaluate epoxy production from waste cooking oil. In this research, waste cooking oil was reacted with hexane as solvent, sulfuric acid as catalyst, glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The catalyst concentration was varied from 1.5%, 2.1%, 2.5%, 3.1% and 3.5% and the epoxidation time was varied from 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min. The results showed that highest epoxy yield was achieved at reaction time of 300 min and 1.5% catalyst. At that condition, the iod number was 0,96 g I2/100 g WCO, oxirane oxygen content was 1.872 and oxirane oxygen conversion was 62.259%.

PEMBUATAN SABUN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KULIT BUAH KAPUK (Ceiba petandra) SEBAGAI SUMBER ALKALI Lilis Sukeksi, Andy Junianto Sidabutar, Chandra Sitorus
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of reaction time and temperature toward the formed of soap product. This study begins by drying the skin of cotton and burning to gain the ash of cotton fruit skin. The combustion is done by using muffle furnace at 500 oC for 3 hours. Then, extraction is done on ash by using aquadest with a ration 1:3 to obtain alkali. This alkali will be used with cooking oil from palm in saponification process with fixed volume variable oil of 30 ml, velocity of stirring is 250 rpm, and oil volume : alkali volume 1:2 (ml). Whereas for the free variable are reaction temperature at 60 oC, 70 oC, 80 oC, stirring time at 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes. The observed responses are density, acidity (pH), saponification number and free alkali. The best results were obtained at 80 °C and stirring time of 120 minutes with a density of 1.34 gr / ml, pH 9.1, saponification number of 200.349 and a 0.07% free alkali content.

PEMBUATAN BRIKET DARI KULIT KAKAO MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAT KULIT UBI KAYU Rosta Natalia Sinaga, Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This study aims to determine the effect of temperature variation carbonization, carbonization time and adhesive variation to charcoal characteristics of cocoa skin using cassava skin adhesive. Briquette is usually made using binder. Binder can embed charcoal each other to form strong and compact briquettes. Some other variables beside binder that influence the quality of briquettes include raw material, compacting presseure and carbonization process. This research used cocoa leather as raw material with cassava skin leaves as binder. All variables affect the content of fixed carbon of the briquettes that influence the caloricvalue of the briquettes. The caloricvalue is the most important factor for determining the quality of the briquettes. In this research, the highest caloricvalue of the briquettes was 4.375 cal/g. It was achieved when cocoa leather were carbonized by method 1 with compaction pressure of 85 kg/cm2 and binderconcentration of 15% where as raw material with particle size of 100 mesh. The caloricvalue of the briquettes was still very low and did not meet the qualification of Indonesian standard for briquettes. Based on the strength test, cassava skin leaves couldn’t be used as briquette’s binder. The produced briquettes that used cassava skin leaves as binder had soft structure and easily destroyed.

OPTIMASI SINTESIS ASAM AZELAT DARI ASAM OLEAT DAN HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM TUNGSTAT Zuhrina Masyithah, Maria Paula Sihombing, Lawrena Valentine Br. Tohang
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Azealic acid is an oleochemical product which is an output from oleic acid with oxidation cleavage process and commonly its aplication in polymer industry such as nylon production, plastic industry, glue industry and also as fiber in polyester industry. The purpose of this research is to obtain comparison design and analysis of variance in two method of synthesis azelaic acid namely one step and two steps oxidation. The result design reviewed by Response Surface Methodology using Minitab 17 trial version program with percent mass of the catalyst variable, molar ratio of the substrate variable and temperature variable. Based on the statistic analysis the percentage conversion (Y)in one step Y : 97,99 + 3,907X1 + 3,651X2 – 4,556X3 – 1,467X12 – 4,299X22 – 4,453X32 + 0,57X1X2 + 0,63X1X3 + 1,37X2X3 and for two steps Y : 98,505 + 6,164X2 + 2,164X3-7,83X22-5,18X32. The design has R2 = 92,80 % for one step and 89,95 % in two steps.

EKSTRAKSI TANIN DARI KULIT KAYU AKASIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE: PENGARUH DAYA MICROWAVE, WAKTU EKSTRAKSI DAN JENIS PELARUT Iriany, Florentina Pandiangan, Christina Eka P
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Tannin is one of complex polyphenol compound which soluble in polar solvent. Tannin could be extracted from acacia bark. This study aims to examine microwave-assisted extraction of tannins under influence of microwave power, extraction time, and solvent and its application to adsorb Cd and Cu. Tannin was extracted from acacia bark with feed-to-solvent ratio (1:20 g/ml). Power of microwave was adjusted 100 W, 180 W, 300 W, 450 W, and 600 W for 1 minute, 3 minutes and 5 minutes respectively using aquadest and ethanol as the solvent. The extracts were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the extract with the highest yield of tannins are used as the adsorbent. The concentration of Cd and cu were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result showed the highest yield of tannin 26.606 mg/g at 100 W and 3 minutes extraction time using ethanol as the solvent. The result showed that the adsorption capacity of adsorbent from tannin was 3.81 mg/g and 2.26 mg/g for Cd and Cu respectively.

EKSTRAKSI ABU VULKANIK GUNUNG SINABUNG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN SILIKA GEL Maulida, Melva Ginting, Herlinawati Wici
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Silica gel is one of the silica based material. This research aimed to utilizetion volcanic ash of Sinabung mountains to make silica gel by extraction method. Volcanic ash was extracted using NaOH 4M for 30, 60, 190 and 120 minutes. Gel was formed by addip HCl 4, 6,and 8M. Sample were analyzed of using FTIR, SEM-EDX, gravimetri and AAS. Analysis silica sodium solution with concentration variation showed the biggest silica was 120 minutes. FTIR result indicated the presence of Si in volcanic ash and siloxane (Si-O-Si). SEM-EDX result silica content of silica gel was 51.96%. XRD result showed that diameter of silica was 33.412 nm and the crystallinity was 89%. Silica was applied on the largest Cu (II) absorption rate was130.725 mg/g with an adsorption efficiency of 98.66%.

PEMBUATAN KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA, NATRIUM MONOKLOROASETAT, TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI Saputri Ayuningtiyas, Feni Dwi Desiyana, Siswarni MZ
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 6, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a derivative cellulose which is soluble an in water (hydrophilic colloid). This material effective to bind water to provide a uniform texture and increase viscosity. The aim of this study is to utilize banana peel as a raw material to synthesis CMC and determine the best conditions in the process of synthesis CMC from banana peel. The materials used were banana peel, water, aquades, NaOH, Natirum monochloroacetat and glacial acetic acid. The variables in this study were NaOH concentration, natirum monochloroacetat mass, temperature and reaction time. In this research consists of four stages there are preparation of raw materials, alkalization, carboxymethylation, and neutralization. The results of this research shows the variatioon NaOH concentration 20% and temperature of 45oC degree, mol rasio of cellulose:sodium monochloroacetat 1:1,6 with a reaction time of 120 minutes obtained the highest substitution degree of 0,73-0.812. The FTIR analysis shows the presence of the O-H, C-H, C = O, C-0, CH2 and 1,4 β-glycoside function groups known to have the same function groups as the commercial carboxymethyl cellulose.

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