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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU

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Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering

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Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 1 (2018)" : 9 Documents clear

KENDALI SISTEM BIOREAKTOR KONTINYU Rudy Agustriyanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Tujuan dalam industri bioproses umumnya adalah memaksimalkan pertumbuhan mikroba dan / atau produksi beberapa senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme. Untuk mencapai hal ini dengan cara yang efisien, maka diperlukan untuk menjaga lingkungan yang sesuai untuk mikroorganisme setiap saat. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan algoritma kendali PI (Proporsional integral) dan PID (Proporsional Integral Derivative) untuk suatu sistem bioproses. Kriteria Bode kemudian diterapkan untuk memeriksa kestabilan sistem diikuti dengan penentuan parameter pengendali menggunakan metode TLC (Tyreus-Luyben). Hasil simulasi lintas tertutup menunjukkan kinerja pengendalian yang dapat diterima.

SINTESIS STEARAMIDA DARI ASAM STEARAT DAN UREA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT CAMPURAN : PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI Muhammad Syukri, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Surfactant is a molecule which has hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group which can unify a mixture consisting of water and oil. Stearamide is one kind of surfactant non-ionic which has used on any aplication. This study aims to know about optimum of temperature and time on synthesis of stearamide from stearic acid and urea with zirconium (IV) chloride in mixed solvent. This study will be observed the effect of temperature and reaction time on the synthesis of stearamide surfactant from stearic acid and urea with zirconium (IV) chloride as catalyst in mixed solvent. This research was conducted at temperature of 45°C, 55°C, 65°C, 75°C, 85°C and 95°C, reaction time of 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 5 hr, 6 hr, 7 hr and 8 hr, substrate molar ratio at 1:6 (w/w), solvent ratio at 2:1 (v/v), weight of catalyst 3% (%w), and stirring speed at 250 rpm. Based on this research, the optimum condition to synthesis stearamide surfactant was obtained at 85 oC and reaction time at 3 hours.

EKSTRAKSI KALIUM DARI ABU KULIT BUAH KELAPA (Cocos Nucifera L.) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT AQUADEST Gilang Ramadhan, Lilis Sukeksi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

In this research, the combustion process was performed conventionally by burning the dried coconut peel of 10 kg in a covered combustion barrel, equipped with a gauge thermometer and having been perforated for the oxygen entrance space for 3 hours with a combustion temperature ranging 500oC and produced ash of coconut peel as much as 1 kg. Extraction was performed by mixing biphasic system between coconut peel ash and aquadest solvent at stirring rate of 250 rpm, variation of time are 40 minutes, 80 minutes, 120 minutes, and 160 minutes with temperatures of 60oC and 80oC. Ash mass ratio: solvent are 5:50, 10:50, 15:50, and 20:50. Results showed that the geater the mass, temperature and extraction time, the higher concentration and pH of alkali extract will be obtained. The concentration and pH of the highest alkali extract were obtained at the ratio of the ash mass: the solvent was 20:50 for the extraction time of 160 minutes at a temperature of 80°C those are 0.775 N and 13.

PERBANDINGAN GUGUS FUNGSI DAN MORFOLOGI PERMUKAAN KARBON AKTIF DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN AKTIVATOR ASAM FOSFAT (H3PO4) DAN ASAM NITRAT (HNO3) Vidyanova Anggun Mentari, Gewa Handika, Seri Maulina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Indonesia is one of the biggest producent of palm oil in the world. According to Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Bureau of Statistics), on 2016 wide of the palm oil estate in Indonesia is 11.672.861 Ha. The waste of palm oil plantations so many and isn’t used optimal, for the example is oil palm frond. Oil palm frond is one of the wet of waste with the number of production as much as 19.143.492 ton on 2016. This research will discuss the comparison of functional group and surface morphology activated carbon of oil palm frond with use H3PO4 and HNO3 as an activator. This research purpose to know the comparison of functional group and surface morphology activated carbon of oil palm frond with use H3PO4 and HNO3 as an activator. The method includes impregnation, carbonization, and washing process. The concentration of activator is 20% with 400 oC activation temperature. This research is used morphology surface activated carbon analysis with SEM and FTIR spectrophotometer. The result of analysis with SEM show there is pore formed on activated carbon and the indentification with spechtrophotometer FTIR shows that activated carbon is contain of functional group are C=O, C=C, C-C, N=O, C-N, C-OH, CH2 and C-H.

BIOBRIQUETTE PRODUCTION FROM PALM FRONDS AND SHELLS: EFFECT OF MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND PARTICLE SIZE Okta Bani; Iriany, Taslim; Cici Novita Sari; Cindy Carnella
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Briquettes are solid fuels from organic materials with high calorific values and burn duration. The composition and particle size of the raw material may affect briquette quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of composition and particle size on calorific value and characteristics of the resulting briquettes. In this study, briquettes were made using palm oil fronds and shells at mass ratio of 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and particle size of not-dertemined, 50, 70, and 100 mesh. First, raw material was carbonized at 450°C for 30 minutes then added to 20%wt. starch glue and waste oil (1:1 ratio). Resulting briquettes were analyzed for its water content, ash content, density, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, combustion rate, calorific value, and compressive strength. Satisfying results were obtained for briquettes with a front to shell ratio of 1:8, and a particle size of 100 mesh. At this condition, the resulting briquettes have water content of 5.5%; ash content of 2.54%; density of 0.51 g/cm3; 19.58% vapor content; fixed carbon content of 72.38%; combustion rate of 0.2 g/min (3.4×10-3 g/sec); calorific value of 15.3 kcal/g; and compressive strength of 0.06 N/mm2. These results have complied with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), Japanese, American, and English standards, except for briquette compressive strength, which have not met the industrial standard.

STUDI PENGOLAHAN AIR BUANGAN DOMESTIK MENGGUNAKAN DIGESTER ANAEROBIK SATU TAHAP DAN DUA TAHAP Tamaria Kesia Hutasoit, Halimatuddahliana, Amir Husin
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research provides an analyzed performance of one and two-stage anaerobic digestion processes. One-stage and two-stage analyzed, individual, from substrate degradation, microbiological, metabolite and biogas production. First, the research initiated by acclimatization in a neutral condition and acid condition. Both one (R1) and two-stage (R2) digesters filled up with domestic wastewater. Into the digesters, it added cow dung as inoculums. pH in R1 maintained at pH 7 for 40 days and pH 5.5 in two-stage anaerobic: first stage (R2-1) for two days. After that, the mixture added with inoculums and then adjusted at pH 7 for the second stage (R2-2) for 38 days. The results showed that the substrate removal efficiency of two-phase is higher one-phase. The highest metabolite production obtained at R2-1: the 2nd day.

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR TAHU MENGGUNAKAN BIOREAKTOR ANAEROB SATU TAHAP DAN DUA TAHAP SECARA BATCH Florence T.N. Silalahi, Halimatuddahliana, Amir Husin
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research aimed to study the effect of one stage and two stage anaerobic fermentation on the performance of bioreactors in tofu liquid waste treatment. This research started with acclimatization that is adaptation process of microorganism derived from cow dung with tofu liquid waste. Acclimatization is carried out in acid condition (pH 5.5) and in neutral condition (pH 7). This is followed by a batch bioreactor operation for 40 days for one stage anaerobic fermentation (pH 7), while for the first stage of the two stage anaerobic fermentation (pH 5.5) lasted two days and proceeds with the second stage of the two stage anaerobic fermentation (pH 7) lasts 38 days The results obtained were COD removal efficiency of 76.6% for one stage anaerobic and 83.05% for two stage anaerobic. While the VFA concentration in the first stage of the two stage anaerobic increased by 33% of the one-stage anaerobic VFA concentration. One-stage anaerobic biogas yield of 0.24 L/g CODconverted and 0.27 L/g CODconverted for to two stage anaerobic.

EFEKTIFITAS JENIS DESIKAN DAN KECEPATAN UDARA TERHADAP PENYERAPAN UAP AIR DI UDARA Rosdanelli Hasibuan, Ivo Dian Sari Marbun
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Dry air is widely used in many fields, but the excessive water vapor in the air will make some problem and should be minimized to get the required dry air. The purpose of this research to observe the effect of air velocity and various of desiccants on the absorption of water vapor in the air on the tray dryer. The process of absorption of water vapor in the air performed with variations of the normal air velocity, 1.2 m/s, 2.3 m/s, and 3.6 m/s or volumetric rate of 0.059 m3/s; 0.113 m3/s; 0.178 m3/s and the type of desiccant of silica gel, alumina, and zeolite. Adsorption of water vapor in the air by desiccant was done by weighing the mass of desiccant before and after being crossed by air every interval of 60 minutes for 3 hours. Humidity measurement are performed on the upstream and downstream of the tray dryer to obtain a decrease in air humidity. The highest moisture adsorption using silica gel was obtained at velocities of 2.3 m/s and 3.6 m/s with adsorption of 0.266 grams water vapor / grams adsorbent and 0.264 grams water vapor / grams adsorbent as well as humidity of final air of 0.0194 kg water vapor/ kg dry air and 0.0198 kg water vapor/ kg dry air . The highest adsorption of water vapor using alumina was obtained at velocities of 2.3 m/s and 3.6 m/s with adsorption of 0.147 grams water vapor / gram adsorbent and 0.140 grams water vapor / gram adsorbent and the final humidity of 0.0207 kg water vapor / kg dry air and 0.0194 kg water vapor / kg dry air and the highest water vapor adsorption using zeolite was obtained at 3.6 m/s with the adsorption capacity of 0.130 grams water vapor / grams adsorbent and the final humidity of 0.0193 kg water vapor / kg dry air. Silica gel was the best desiccant in the process of moisture adsorption in air compared to alumina and zeolite.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LAURIL ALKOHOL TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT UJI TARIK KOMPOSIT KARET ALAM TERISI SILIKA Rieska Wulandari Sianturi, Indra Surya
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

By using a semi-efficient vulcanisation system; the effects of lauryl alcohol (LA) as a new rubber additive on tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) composites were investigated. The NR composites were filled by silica filler with a fixed loading, 30.0 phr (part per hundred rubber). The LA is a fatty alcohol based on palm kernel oil and incorporated into the silica-filled NR composites. The LA loadings were 1.0 phr, 2.0 phr, 3.0 phr and 4.0 phr. It was found that LA functioned as an internal plasticiser. As an internal plasticiser, LA decreased the tensile modulus and increased elongations at break of silica-filled NR composites. It was also found that LA increased the crosslink density and tensile strength up to 3.0 phr of LA loading. The 3.0 phr of LA was the optimum loading.

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