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Innovation in Engineering
Published by Researcher and Lecturer Society
ISSN : 30475473     EISSN : 30475473     DOI : https://ie.rlsociety.org/index.php/ie/oai
Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
Innovation in Engineering is an international journal dedicated to publishing the latest research in the field of engineering. The journal serves as a platform for researchers, engineers and designers to share their innovative findings, methodologies and insights into the conceptualisation, development and implementation of various techniques. Overall, Innovations in Engineering plays an important role in disseminating innovative research, fostering collaboration and inspiring progress in the ever evolving field of engineering. The journal s rigorous peer review process ensures the publication of accurate and reliable information, thereby enhancing credibility and trust among its readers. It welcomes all contributions related to the latest innovations and developments in Engineering field.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 3 no. 2 (2026): regular issue" : 6 Documents clear
Smart home irrigation: A solar-powered Wi-Fi-based automated drip system with real-time soil moisture sensing Dominic Olango Cagadas; Cran Leigh Mae Adis Salamanca
Innovation in Engineering Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/ie.v3i2.46

Abstract

Manual irrigation in home gardening often causes inconsistent watering, unnecessary labor, and inefficient water use. This study developed and evaluated a solar-powered, Wi-Fi-based automated drip irrigation system with real-time soil moisture sensing for small-scale home gardens. The prototype integrated an ESP32 microcontroller, capacitive soil moisture sensors, pH sensor, float sensors, solenoid valves, DC pumps, a 150-W solar panel, a 12.8-V 100-Ah battery, and an Android-based mobile application. Four planting plots were used to test automated irrigation, soil moisture monitoring, water pH monitoring, tank-level detection, drainage monitoring, and mobile-based control. System performance was observed through 15-day plant monitoring and 5-day data logging. Results showed that the system supplied water only when soil moisture dropped below the set threshold and avoided unnecessary pump activation. Evaluations by 20 faculty members, IT experts, agriculturists, and farmers yielded excellent ratings for functionality (4.81), performance (4.74), and usability (4.89), with an overall mean of 4.81. The study demonstrates a low-cost, renewable-energy-based, mobile-controlled irrigation solution suitable for household gardening.
Economic influence of corrosion on mild steel in an industrial setup: An overview Samuel Adebanji Ajayi; Olufemi Ajide; Abideen T. Oyewo; Ejiroghene Onokpite; Agberegha Larry Orobome; Christian O. Osueke
Innovation in Engineering Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/ie.v3i2.48

Abstract

Most manufacturing industries throughout the world are facing many corrosion problems.  Contaminants such as CO2 and H2S which deteriorate pipe lines and machine components made from mild steel are the major challenge of these industries. Corrosion is a pervasive and financially detrimental process that significantly impacts industrial operations, with mild steel being particularly susceptible due to its widespread use and inherent reactivity. This paper examines the multifaceted economic influence of mild steel corrosion within an industrial setting, distinguishing between direct and indirect costs. The direct economic burden includes expenses related to frequent maintenance, repair, and premature replacement of corroded assets, as well as capital costs associated with overdesign and the implementation of corrosion control measures. Indirect costs, often more substantial and difficult to quantify, encompass losses from production downtime, decreased operational efficiency, product contamination, and environmental cleanup. By synthesizing data from various industrial sectors, this paper highlights that the total cost of corrosion represents a considerable percentage of a nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Proactive corrosion management, including the strategic use of coatings, cathodic protection, and material selection, is identified as a critical factor in mitigating these financial losses and enhancing the longevity, safety, and profitability of industrial infrastructure. 
Numerical errors in Exner equation-based bed updating for swash zone applications Alex Baffour Akoto; Richard Asumadu
Innovation in Engineering Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/ie.v3i2.49

Abstract

Morphodynamic models rely on numerical schemes to update bed elevation in response to sediment transport gradients, a process commonly governed by the Exner equation. Despite advances in hydrodynamic and sediment transport modelling, long-term morphodynamic simulations frequently exhibit instability, spurious oscillations, or excessive diffusion, limiting their predictive reliability. These shortcomings are increasingly recognized as numerical in origin rather than purely physical. This paper presents a focused numerical analysis of Exner equation numerical schemes commonly employed in coastal morphodynamic models, with relevance to swash zone applications where feedback between evolving bed morphology and flow dynamics is strong. An analytical solution is used as a benchmark to evaluate the numerical behavior of first-order and higher-order finite difference schemes. Results demonstrate that numerical diffusion, frequency dispersion, and phase speed errors arise even under idealized conditions and accumulate rapidly with successive bed updates. The analysis shows that these numerical errors persist under the adopted idealized conditions. In fully coupled swash zone models, interactions with sediment transport and hydrodynamic feedback may alter their magnitude and development. While uncertainty in sediment flux measurement, parameterization, and boundary condition specification remains a major challenge in swash zone modelling, numerical error propagation associated with bed updating schemes represents a fundamental limitation on long-term morphodynamic prediction. By isolating and clarifying numerical error mechanisms, this study complements existing work on physical process representation and highlights the need for numerical strategies that explicitly control error accumulation in morphodynamic schemes.
Quaternion-based feedforward attitude stabilization for hexapod robots: An experimental study Habib Khairy; Yudhi Diputra; Arwizet K; Delima Yanti Sari
Innovation in Engineering Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/ie.v3i2.54

Abstract

Hexapod robots offer good mobility on uneven terrain but are susceptible to instability due to uneven load distribution among the legs when the body becomes tilted. This study evaluates a quaternion-based feedforward stabilization method that directly compensates for body posture using absolute orientation data, without rule-based inference or iterative error convergence. A BNO08x IMU provides real-time orientation quaternions, while touch sensors at the end of each leg are used to detect contact with the ground. Posture correction is calculated using quaternion conjugate rotation and applied to the body control point before inverse kinematics is performed. Experiments were conducted at platform tilt angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25° using a 30-s tilt-and-recovery protocol with five replications at each angle. The stabilization residual ranged from 0.048–0.065° at tilt angles of 0–10° and was approximately 0.29° at 15°, before increasing to 2.09–5.69° at 20–25°. Joint-angle monitoring indicated that the increased residual at higher tilt angles was associated with femur–tibia workspace saturation rather than a failure of the stabilization algorithm. Following the recovery phase, the residual returned to 0.05–0.11° under all test conditions. An independent t-test showed no significant difference between pitch and roll up to 20° (p > 0.05), whereas a significant difference was observed at 25° (p = 0.021). The proposed method directly employs quaternion operations without fuzzification, rule-based inference, or defuzzification, providing a computationally simpler approach to hexapod balance stabilization under low-to-moderate tilt conditions.
Performance of a waste automotive turbocharger repurposed as a low-cost hydro turbine Aris Suryadi; Wahyu Gendam Prakoso; Reza Anugrah
Innovation in Engineering Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/ie.v3i2.50

Abstract

The high cost of conventional hydraulic turbines limits the application of pico-hydropower systems in small-scale and decentralized settings. Repurposing waste automotive components offers an alternative strategy to address this barrier. This study experimentally investigates the performance of a waste automotive turbocharger repurposed as a hydro turbine under a constant gross head of 4 m. Experiments were conducted at valve openings of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, with resistive electrical loads of 15, 25, 60, 75, and 100 W across inverter capacities of 500, 1000, and 1500 W. Evaluated parameters included flow rate, hydraulic power, rotational speed, DC and AC electrical power, and overall system efficiency. Increasing the valve opening from 25% up to 100% elevated the flow rate from 1.9 L/s up to 6.2 L/s and hydraulic power from 74.6 W up to 243.4 W. Optimal performance was recorded at 100% valve opening, and a 15 W load, producing a peak rotational speed of 2,760 rpm, maximum DC power of 54.2 W, and maximum AC power of 42.2 W, corresponding to a peak overall efficiency of 20.7%. Higher electrical loading reduced rotational speed due to increased electromagnetic torque from the alternator, whereas varying inverter capacity caused minor variations of less than 1.5% in power output, confirming hydraulic input as the primary governing factor. The modified turbocharger operated stably under all tested conditions, demonstrating technical feasibility as an accessible option for decentralized pico-hydropower generation using repurposed automotive components.
Effect of phosphoric acid activation concentration on the proximate characteristics of municipal solid waste-derived biochar Shofwatunnida Septarini; Apip Amrullah; Cindy Aisyah Hakim
Innovation in Engineering Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/ie.v3i2.51

Abstract

Municipal solid waste (MSW) contains organic fractions that can be valorized into carbonaceous materials. This study evaluated the effect of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) concentration on the proximate characteristics of biochar derived from a defined mixture of banana peel, orange peel, and coconut husk. The feedstock was pyrolyzed at 250 °C for 3 h, and the resulting biochar was activated with nominal 20%, 25%, and 30% H3PO4 solutions at an impregnation ratio of 1:2 (w/v) for 24 h. Moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon were determined using gravimetric methods, and treatment effects were evaluated statistically. The mean moisture contents were 8.55%, 8.00%, and 8.35% at 20%, 25%, and 30% H3PO4, respectively, compared with 11.30% for the unactivated biochar. Mean volatile matter decreased from 7.23% in the unactivated biochar to 4.64%, 4.43%, and 3.94%, respectively, while mean ash content decreased from 8.67% to 3.07%, 3.06%, and 3.04%. Mean fixed carbon increased from 72.80% in the unactivated biochar to 83.74%, 84.51%, and 84.68%. Statistical analysis showed a significant treatment effect on volatile matter (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001) and fixed carbon (p = 0.038), but not on ash content (p = 0.559). Moisture content also did not differ significantly among the activated treatments (Kruskal–Wallis, p = 0.298). Tukey HSD showed that fixed carbon differed significantly only between the 20% and 30% H3PO4 treatments. The results indicate that H3PO4 concentration influenced the proximate composition of MSW-derived biochar, particularly volatile matter and fixed carbon. However, an optimum activation condition cannot be established from proximate characteristics alone.

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