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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 452 Documents
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Derivation of Inter-Atomic Force Constants of Cu2O from Diffuse Neutron Scattering Measurement T. Makhsun; T. Sakuma; E. Kartini; R. Sakai; H. Takahashi; N. Igawa; S.A. Danilkin
Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2013.217

Abstract

Neutron scattering intensity from Cu2O compound has been measured at 10 K and 295 K with High Resolution Powder Diffractometer at JRR-3 JAEA. The oscillatory diffuse scattering related to correlations among thermal displacements of atoms was observed at 295 K. The correlation parameters were determined from the observed diffuse scattering intensity at 10 and 295 K. The force constants between the neighboring atoms in Cu2O were estimated from the correlation parameters and compared to those of Ag2O.Received: 16 January 2013; Revised: 10 April 2013; Accepted: 15 April 2013
Influence of Substrate Temperature on Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of ZnO:Al Thin Films Sudjatmoko Sudjatmoko; Wirjoadi Wirjoadi; B. Siswanto
Atom Indonesia Vol 35, No 2 (2009): July 2009
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2009.50

Abstract

Transparent and conductive aluminium-doped zinc oxide thin films have been prepared by dc magnetron sputtering technique using targets composed of ZnO and aluminium. Polycrystalline ZnO:Al films were deposited onto a heated glass substrate. Surface morphology and crystalline structure as well as optical and electrical properties of the deposited films were found to depend directly on substrate temperature. From optical and electrical analysis it was observed that optical transmittance and conductivity of the ZnO:Al transparent conductive oxide films increased when the deposition temperature was raised from 200 to 400 oC. Films grown on substrates heated at 300 oC showed a high conductivity value of 0.2 x 102 Ω-1cm-1 and a visible transmission of about 80%. The growth of ZnO:Al thin films on the surface of glass substrate at temperatures of 300 oC and aluminium doping levels of 0.9 at.% were the best to attain ZnO:Al films with optical and structural qualities as required for solar cell applications, as a window material in antireflection coatings or optical filters.Received: 17 March 2009; Revised: 22 November 2009 ; Accepted: 23 November 2009
New Synthesis Method of the Mg2Ni Compound by Using Mechanical Alloying for Hydrogen Storage H. Suwarno; W. Ari Adi; A. Insani
Atom Indonesia Vol 34, No 2 (2008): July 2008
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2008.98

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of Mg2Ni compound by using mechanical alloying through wet method have been performed. The Mg2Ni sample was prepared by mixing the Mg and the Ni powders in the media of toluene under argon atmosphere. The mixtures are then milled under the varied milling time of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 hours in order to measure the growth of Mg2Ni compound. The X-ray diffraction measurement result showed that both Mg2Ni and MgNi2 crystals could grow well. From the refinement results of the X-ray diffraction pattern using Rietan analysis indicated that the fraction of Mg2Ni and MgNi2 compounds formed are 9.31% and 4.1%, 23.31% and 17.63%, 45.3% and 23.73%, 62.04% and 19.08%, 87.44% and 0.05% for the milling time of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 hours, respectively. This result differs from that obtained from the previous research, especially for 25 hours of milling time, the fraction of Mg2Ni and MgNi2 compounds formed were only reach 51.03% and 8.86%, due to the growing of the pollutant phase like MgO. The use of toluene as the media of milling succeeded to remove the growth of the MgO compound.
Experimental Study of Quenching Process During Bottom Reflooding Using “Queen” Test Section M. Juarsa; A.R. Antariksawan; P. Joko; H. Ismu; S. Edy; Kiswanta Kiswanta
Atom Indonesia Vol 31, No 1 (2005): January 2005
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2005.359

Abstract

Phenomenon of quenching of hot fuels in core during bottom reflooding following loca event is investigated in order to understand the performance cooling process. the study is conducted experimentally using queen test section which allow study of rod surface temperature histories based on which the heat fluxes are estimated. the visual observation is also done to study the boiling regimes. the test variables are initial rod temperature, i.e. 400oc, 500oc and 600oc, and coolant flow rate, i.e. 0,01kg/s, 0.02 kg/s and 0.04 kg/s with constant water inlet temperature of 30oc. the results shows different heat transfer regimes such as film boiling, transition boiling, nucleate boiling and convective single phase heat transfer regimes. for specified initial rod temperature, the higher flow rate provides high rewet velocity and higher maximum heat flux, then quenching process is more effective.
Field Performance of Five Soybean Mutants Under Drought Stress Conditions and Molecular Analysis Using SSR Markers Y Yuliasti; R Reflinur
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2017.685

Abstract

The objectives of this research wereto evaluate (1) the performance of soybean mutant lines under drought stress conditions, and(2) the genetic diversity and relationship among the mutant lines using SSR markers.The field evaluation was conducted during the dry season of 2011 and 2012 at the experimental Farm of Mataram University, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The field experiment was set up in a randomized block design. Ten mutant lines and two control varieties were evaluated in four replications. Genetic distance among evaluated lines were determined based on allelic diversity analysis using 40 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Under drought stress conditions, two mutant lines, Kdl3 and Kdl8,showed a better performance compared to the other ones. The high yielding mutant lines were Kdl3and Kdl8, which yielded 1.75 t ha-1and 1.69 t ha-1, respectively, compared to the parent and national control, Panderman 1.43 t ha-1 and Muria 1.32 t ha-1. These mutant linesrequired 30.75 to 32days to flower and 79.75 to 83.75 day to harvest with relatively short plant height 28.25 and 23.35 cmrespectively. Those mutant characters were better than those of the other three mutants, the original parents, and the control soybean species. Since the evaluated soybean mutant lines yielded more under drought stress conditions than the standard varieties, they can be used and registered as drought-tolerant soybean mutants. Moreover, the evaluated soybean accessions showed a wide genetic distance. The accessions were clustered into two groups according to their genetic background, namelygroup I (the Panderman with three mutant lines) and group II (the Muria with two mutant lines). Twenty-three out of 40 evaluated SSR loci, including AW31, BE806, CMAC7L, S080, S126, S57, S171, S224, S285, S294, S393, S294, S383, S511, S511, S520, S540, S547, S551, S571, S577, and S578, provided polymorphic alleles between the parents and their mutants and could be used to differentiate mutants from their parents. Therefore, these loci are  informative and may be useful for further analysis of soybean mutant lines in relation to breeding program.
A New Possibility of Dynamical Study on Solid State Ionic Materials by Inelastic Neutron Scattering M. Nakamura; K. Nakajima; Y. Inamura; S. Ohira Kawamura; T. Kikuchi; T. Otomo; M. Arai
Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 3 (2010): December 2010
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.33

Abstract

A new technique of inelastic neutron scattering measurement utilizing the multiple incident energies is applied to the dynamical study of vitreous silica. A wide variety of extracted information from a series of two-dimensional maps of dynamical structure factor with multiple different incident energies are greatly valuable. The applicability and its expected contribution of new experimental technique into the further progress of scientific activities in solid state ionic materials are discussed.Received: 30 September 2010; Revised: 25 October 2010; Accepted: 26 October 2010
A Novel Method for 57Ni and 57Co Production using Cyclotron-Generated Secondary Neutrons H. Suryanto; I. Kambali
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2018.872

Abstract

57Ni and 57Co radioisotpes are used in the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals, for research purposes, as well as radiotherapy in nuclear medicine due to its decay characteristics. In this research, 57Ni and 57Co were produced using secondary neutrons. The secondary neutrons employed in this investigationwere generated by bombarding 11 MeV protons intoa target system consisting of HavarÒ foil as a vacuum window, aluminum foil as an energy degrader, aluminum tube as a target holder and nickel foil as a target via (p,n), (n,n) and (n,2n) nuclear reactions. The TALYS-calculated data were used to understand the origin of the secondary neutrons.  In this experiment, variable Ni target thicknesses of 75, 150 and 225 mm were irradiated with a fixed proton beam dose of 0.67 mAhr in order to study the dependence of the radioisotope yields on the target thickness. For the first time, 57Ni and 57Co radioisotopes wereproduced and observed experimentally following 58Ni(n,2n)57Ni → 57Co nuclear reaction. Experimental results indicated that for 225-mm thick Ni target, the 57Ni yield of 10.85 ± 3.29 mCi/mAhr and 57Co yield of 6.04 ± 2.45mCi/mAhr were recorded after an hour cooling period. The resulted yieldsdid not strongly depend on the target thickness. This proposed novel method is a promising method to obtain higher radioactivity yield in the production of 57Ni and 57Co radioisotopes.
Recent Development of SANS BATAN Spectrometer (SMARTer) in Serpong for Simultaneous and Automatic Measurements E.G.R. Putra; Bharoto Bharoto; N. Suparno; Sairun Sairun; E. Santoso
Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 3 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2013.257

Abstract

The 36 meter SANS BATAN spectrometer (SMARTer) in Serpong Indonesia has been developed for simultaneous and automatic measurements. The existing motor controller of ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) interface was replaced by the programmable motor controller of PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) interface, since it has speed and interrupt-sharing advantages, to drive all stepper motors for collimator, pinhole, and detector movements of the spectrometer. The recent development makes all motors moved and controlled simultaneously in setting up the instrument configuration before performing the experiment. Along with that improvement, the data acquisition software has been also developed to drive the beam stopper movement in two directions as well as to read the absolute collimator and detector positions, to acquire neutron counts on the monitor and the main detector, and also to control automatically up to 12 sample positions of the sample changer. The collected neutron counts is displayed in real time on the main monitor window, and the counts is saved in a special format for further data reduction and analysis. The developed data acquisition software has been implemented and performed for experiment that use preset time or preset count mode, and the automatic sample changer.Received: 08 November 2013; Revised: 23 December 2013; Accepted: 27 December 2013
Sediment Sources Analysis Using CSSI Method in Pasir Buncir Micro-watershed, Bogor, Indonesia B. Aliyanta; P. Sidauruk
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 2 (2019): August 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2019.721

Abstract

There is an increasing need for reliable information concerning the source of the suspended sediment transported by rivers. Such information is required both to design effective sediment and non-point pollution control strategies and to provide an improved understanding of erosion and suspended sediment transport within a watershed. In some situations, there are many developing methods of fingerprinting to determine the contribution of sediment sources via the streambed sediment. In this study, compound-specific stable isotope (CSSI) fingerprint has been used to determine sediment source contribution in Pasir Buncir micro-watershed, Bogor, West Java. CSSI method is a newly developed technique in sediment sources contribution determination. This new technique is considered to be a very accurate technique for identifying the sediment sources contribution, especially in a watershed that has relatively similar soil types. This technique has been applied to studying the sediment source contribution study in a watershed with three different land uses with mostly clay loam soil type. One sample from each of three different land uses was collected vertically from the 0-2 cm depth range. Streambed sediment from the nearest outlet from the micro-watershed was also collected. Soil and streambed sediment samples were analyzed for d13C of bulk organic carbon and CSSI contents. The d13C of bulk organic carbon and CSSI contents analysis showed that all the three different land uses (one-season crop, intercropping, and pine forest) contributed to streambed sediment; approximately 79.2 % was from cultivated land of one-season crop, 15.2 %from intercropping land, and 5.6 % from pine forest.
Gene Mutation as Biomarker of Radiation Induced Cell Injury and Genomic Instability M Syaifudin
Atom Indonesia Vol 32, No 2 (2006): July 2006
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2006.121

Abstract

Gene expression profiling and its mutation has become one of the most widely used approaches to identify genes and their functions in the context of identify and categorize genes to be used as radiation effect markers including cell and tissue sensitivities. Ionizing radiation produces genetic damage and changes in gene expression that may lead to cancer due to specific protein that controlling cell proliferation altered the function, its expression or both. P53 protein encoded by p53 gene plays an important role in protecting cell by inducing growth arrest and or cell suicide (apoptosis) after deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage induced by mutagen such as ionizing radiation. The mutant and thereby dysfunctional of this gene was found in more than 50% of various human cancers, but it is as yet unclear how p53 mutations lead to neoplastic development. Wild-type p53 has been postulated to play a role in DNA repair, suggesting that expression of mutant forms of p53 might alter cellular resistance to the DNA damage caused by radiation. Moreover, p53 is thought to function as a cell cycle checkpoint after irradiation, also suggesting that mutant p53 might change the cellular proliferative response to radiation. p53 mutations affect the cellular response to DNA damage, either by increasing DNA repair processes or, possibly, by increasing cellular tolerance to DNA damage. The association of p53 mutations with increased radioresistance suggests that alterations in the p53 gene might lead to oncogenic transformation. Current attractive model of carcinogenesis also showed that p53 gene is the major target of radiation. The majority of p53 mutations found so far is single base pairchanges (point mutations), which result in amino acid substitutionsor truncated forms of the P53 protein, and are widely distributedthroughout the evolutionarily conserved regions of the gene. Examination of p53 mutations in human cancer also shows an association between particular carcinogens and characteristicpatterns of these mutations. Even amongcancers of the same organ, the mutational spectrum of the p53gene could present different patterns by histologic subtypeor risk factors and mutagen involved

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