International Journal of Oil Palm
International Journal of Oil Palm (IJOP) is an online and print mode, a peer-reviewed research journal published by Indonesian Oil Palm Society (Masyarakat PerkelapaSawitan Indonesia, MAKSI), it provides a global publication platform for researcher, scholars, academicians, professionals and students engaged in research in oil palm industries. The main aim of IJOP is to become the world’s leading journal in oil palm that is preferred and trusted by the community through publishing authentic, peer-reviewed and scientifically developed research articles of international caliber. The journal is published three times in a year, 6-10 papers per publication, and the language of the journal is English. JOURNAL SCOPE IJOP publishes research papers in the felds of soil and crop fertilizer application, seedling preparation, cover crop management, leaf pruning, weed control, control of pest and diseases, insect pollinators management, water management, intercropping, cattle oil palm integration, environmental studies, harvesting technology, IT remote sensing GPS application, mechanization, sustainability standards, policy studies, social and economic studies, smallholders empowerment, palm oil mill improvement, biomass utilization, carbon footprint, water footprint, market studies, refinery, food and nutrition technology (oleofood, food safety, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical) and also management of soil preparation, inorganic and organic safety, oleochemicals, downstream industry development, supply chain, and market studies. The published articles can be in the form of research articles, review paper or short communications which have not been published previously in other journals (except in the form of an abstract or academic thesis/dissertation or presented in seminar/conference).
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<![CDATA[Characteristics of Palm Oil Biodiesel Produced with a Static Mixing Reactor ]]>
<![CDATA[Inge Scorpi Tulliza]]>;
<![CDATA[Edy Hartulistiyoso]]>;
<![CDATA[Dadan Kusdiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): May 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Current industrial production of biodiesel uses the batch system with a mechanical stirrer to overcome the immiscibility nature of triglycerides and methanol with the help of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst. Utilization of a static mixer gives a more rigorous stirring process and could be expected to reduce the catalyst requirement. The objective of this experiment is to investigate the performance of a static mixing reactor for continuous biodiesel production from palm oil feedstock, and to characterize its main properties, such as density and viscosity, as required for fuel grade. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory scale continuous static mixing reactor using palm olein as feedstock. The oil to methanol molar ratio was 1:6 and KOH with concentration 0.3% and 0.5% as catalyst. The reaction temperature was 53 °C and 63 °C. The reaction products were analyzed using the Gas Chromatograph (GC) and the composition of 41.15% methyl oleate, 36.55% methyl palmitate, 9.45% methyl linoleate, and 4.05% methyl stearate as the main products were found. The viscosity and density of the mixed fatty acid methyl ester at the outlet of the static mixing reactor was found to be 4.99 mm2 s-1 and 851.66 kg m3 -1, respectively. The study showed that the number of modules used in the static mixing reactor can enhance the mixing rigorousness and reduce the requirement of a catalyst. The increase in the module numbers can be expected to increase the reaction conversion to the necessary level.]]>
<![CDATA[Valorization of the Wastes of Bioethanol Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch: A Biorefinery Approach ]]>
<![CDATA[Dian Burhani]]>;
<![CDATA[Muryanto Muryanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Feni Amriani]]>;
<![CDATA[Ajeng Arum Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Yanni Sudiyani]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): May 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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<![CDATA[The high production cost of second generation bioethanol from oil palm empty fruit bunches as a substitution for fossil fuel is a major obstacle for its development. Therefore, in this study, an integrated process of valorization of the wastes from bioethanol production has been conducted to overcome the problem, including the development of activated carbon as an adsorbent from black liquor and glutathione as an antioxidant from the waste fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The performance of bioethanol black liquor sludge-based carbonaceous adsorbent was tested using methylene blue solution. The results showed that bioethanol black liquor sludge-based carbonaceous adsorbent could decolorize 100 mg L-1 methylene blue solution by 98% in 30 minutes. The glutathione extraction was conducted by maceration assisted by a sonication process. The characterization was carried out using the alloxan method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and 1.32 g L-1 glutathione was obtained.]]>
<![CDATA[Modeling and Simulation of Oil Palm Plantation Productivity Based on Land Quality and Climate Using Artificial Neural Network ]]>
<![CDATA[Hermantoro Hermantoro]]>;
<![CDATA[Rudyanto Rudyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): May 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Crop growth and production on particular land and climate is strongly influenced by the interaction between plants, climate, soil, and management. Land quality and climate which greatly affect the expected production of oil palm are soil type, soil depth, altitude, soil pH, rainfall year-1, average temperature, water deficit in mm year-1, air humidity, and solar radiation. Oil palm production as a function of land quality and climate can be predicted using various methods, one of them is artificial neural network (ANN). This study used the algorithm backpropagation ANN method. The aim of this research was to develop a prediction model of oil palm plantation productivity based on land quality and climate and simulate the effect of climate change on oil palm productivity. The result showed that water deficit and average temperature had negative correlation to the productivity of oil palm plantations, while sun shine duration, relative humidity and annual rainfall had positive correlation with the productivity of oil palm plantations. Through the optimization procedure obtained the best ANN architecture is 12 neurons in input layer, 3 neurons in the hidden layer and 1 neuron in the output layer, the best model obtained at 30 000 iterations on training step with a value of determination coefficient (R2): 0.98 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE): 0.49, while on the test step obtained the value of R2: 0.94 and RMSE: 1.63. The results of simulation showed that the simultaneous influence of climate changes i.e. decreasing the rainfall quantity of 100 mm year-1, 1 °C temperature rise, and increasing water deficit 50 mm year-1 reduced the productivity of oil palm plantations by 2 tons ha-1 year-1. It can be concluded that ANN can be used to predict the production of palm oil based on land quality and local climate with very good results and we can predict the effect of climate change on the yield of oil palm.]]>
<![CDATA[EgMLP1 Gene Expression in Oil Palm Ramet Infected with Ganoderma boninense ]]>
<![CDATA[Yasinta Ratna Esti Wulandari]]>;
<![CDATA[Felicia Felicia]]>;
<![CDATA[Arild Ranlym Arifin]]>;
<![CDATA[Antonius Suwanto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): May 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is an important crop commodity in Indonesia. However, the effort to increase its production is hindered by basal stem rot (BSR), a devastating disease caused by Ganoderma boninense. The early symptoms of G. boninense infection cannot be observed with naked eyes. It can only be observed at the later stage of the infection. By the time the symptoms appear, the palm is beyond recovery. Hence an early detection technique is essential for effective management of BSR in oil palm. The aim of this research is to analyze and compare the gene expression profile of a defense-related gene encoding early methionine-labeled polypeptide (EgEMLP1) by using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR between the leaves of untreated and treated oil palm cultures with G. boninense. First, G. boninense was isolated and inoculation on oil palm cultures, then RNA isolation was conducted on both oil palm cultures from 3 to 7 weeks post infection (wpi) and purified RNA was used for cDNA synthesis. Finally, EgEMLP1 gene expression was measured using qRT-PCR. The result showed that the expression of EgEMLP1 gene had increased 5.65, 15.66 and 17.96 fold at 3, 5 and 7 wpi compared to those of controls. Furthermore, the result also showed that direct infection method on in vitro oil palm cultures shorten the time needed to infect G. boninense to oil palm compared to rubber wood block method. With less process, direct inoculation method can be an alternative in gene expression in oil palm ramets infected with G. boninense research and up-regulated EgEMLP1 gene expressed has the potential to be developed as a biomarker for early detection of G. boninense infection.]]>
<![CDATA[Oil Palm Roots Architecture in Response to Soil Humidity ]]>
<![CDATA[Yazid Ismi Intara]]>;
<![CDATA[Abimanyu Dipo Nusantara]]>;
<![CDATA[Supanjani Supanjani]]>;
<![CDATA[Zulbahrum Caniago]]>;
<![CDATA[Riska Ekawita]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): May 2018 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Oil palm (Elaeis guenesis) is one of the most important estate crop commodities in Indonesia. The root is one of the plant organs which plays a vital role in plant growth and palm oil production. The objective of this research was to determine the architecture of oil palm roots in response to soil humidity in the root zone in its initial water footprint system. Destructive and non-destructive methods were used to determine the roots’ parameters, i.e. root depth, root length and root density of oil palm age of mature plants. The result showed that depending on the type of the plant material and the soil, oil palm roots could grow horizontally reaching more than 6 m and vertically about 1.5–5 m. Dead primary roots were soon replaced by new ones. Primary roots predominantly served to structurally support the plant so that this root may grow into deeper layers of the soil. Secondary roots generally spread evenly and act as an anchor of the plant body to the ground which in turn strengthen the plant stand. Active horizontal root nets are always renewed with new roots arising from the stem-ends of the palm. The horizontal root nets were located on a radius of 0–1.5 m of a depth of 0–0.4 m, which were very solid for primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary roots as well as the nets. This condition actively changed the dead roots with new roots. The root mat is very unique, forming a nest mat that can capture and control water availability in the environment of the soil surface around the growing space of oil palm. The architecture of oil palm roots has naturally adapted to form a root system that can conduct a mechanism to maintain soil water balance. The water footprint system was only active at the surface zone (0–0.8 m), while deeper than 0.8 m it was more affected by local aquifer condition.]]>
