International Journal for Advanced Research
International Journal for Advanced Research (IJAR) is a widely indexed, open access, refereed/peer reviewed, multidisciplinary, international, scientific online journal that helps researchers share their research work. As a multidisciplinary journal, we accept research work from all branches of Science including: Engineering, Medicine & Pharmacy, Business Administration, Physical Sciences, Computers, Technology and Mathematics, Economics, Social Sciences and Arts.
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"Vol. 2 No. 3: October 2025"
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<![CDATA[The Impact of Economic Growth and Minimum Wages on Poverty in Medan City ]]>
<![CDATA[Pasaribu, Nurita]]>;
<![CDATA[Siboro, Hotman]]>;
<![CDATA[Sidebang, Tamaria Br]]>;
<![CDATA[Wardana, Vidia]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 3: October 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.61730/055jqz08
<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the effect of economic growth and minimum wages on poverty rates in Medan City during the period 2010–2024. Poverty remains a central issue in development despite positive economic dynamics and annual minimum wage adjustments. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression methods. Secondary data were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), including annual data on economic growth, minimum wages, and poverty rates. The results of the analysis show that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on poverty with a significance value of 0.024, indicating that economic growth has not reached all levels of society evenly. Conversely, minimum wages do not have a significant effect on poverty, indicated by a significance value of 0.880. Simultaneously, both variables do not have a significant effect on poverty (sig. = 0.068). The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.361 indicates that the model is only able to explain 36.1% of the variation in poverty rates. This finding emphasizes the need for poverty alleviation policies that are inclusive, integrated, and oriented towards equitable distribution of development results.]]>
<![CDATA[Impact of Human Development Index (HDI) and Labor Participation on Poverty in North Sumatra Province for the Period 2010-2023 ]]>
<![CDATA[Tasya G Sianturi]]>;
<![CDATA[Sembiring, Graciela Br]]>;
<![CDATA[Melody Sitorus]]>;
<![CDATA[Syaqinah Ujung]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 3: October 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.61730/adwzn218
<![CDATA[Poverty is a multidimensional issue that is still a serious challenge in development in North Sumatra Province. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Human Development Index (HDI) and Labor Participation on the poverty rate during the period 2010–2023. HDI is used as an indicator of quality of life through the dimensions of education, health, and standard of living, while Labor Participation reflects the involvement of the working-age population in economic activities. Secondary data used were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approach and supported by classical assumption tests such as normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity. The results of the study indicate that HDI has a negative and significant effect on the poverty rate, while labor participation does not have a significant effect partially. However, simultaneously, both variables jointly affect poverty in North Sumatra. This finding emphasizes the importance of inclusive human development policies and the creation of quality jobs to accelerate poverty alleviation.]]>
<![CDATA[The Influence of Minimum Wages and Unemployment Rates on Poverty in Indonesia for the Period 2015-2025 ]]>
<![CDATA[Rinaldi, Muammar]]>;
<![CDATA[Safira, Vivi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ramadhani, Mentari Rezeki]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Vingky Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Afifah, Zulfa]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 3: October 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.61730/jh2gj926
<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the influence of minimum wages and unemployment rates on poverty levels in Indonesia during the period 2015–2024. Poverty remains one of the most persistent socio-economic challenges in developing countries, including Indonesia, where economic growth does not always lead to equitable welfare distribution. Minimum wage policies are expected to improve the income of low-income workers, while high unemployment rates tend to increase the number of people living below the poverty line. Therefore, understanding the interaction between these variables is essential for designing effective poverty reduction strategies. This research employs a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between minimum wages, unemployment rates, and poverty levels. The study utilizes secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (Badan Pusat Statistik/BPS) covering the 2015–2024 period. Data were processed using statistical software to test both the partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on poverty. The results reveal that minimum wage and unemployment rate variables significantly affect poverty levels, both partially and simultaneously. However, the effect of minimum wage increases on reducing poverty is not always consistent, particularly when not accompanied by improvements in labor productivity and job creation. Conversely, the unemployment rate has shown a strong and positive relationship with poverty, indicating that higher unemployment tends to raise poverty levels. The findings highlight the importance of integrating wage policies with employment and productivity enhancement programs to achieve sustainable poverty reduction in Indonesia.]]>
<![CDATA[Office Administration Students Understanding of the Use of Standard Language ]]>
<![CDATA[Anggi Karya Ningpasti]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayu Swandana]]>;
<![CDATA[Maulida Putri Lbs]]>;
<![CDATA[Sharani Nafisha]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Oktavia Purba]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 3: October 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.61730/7rhb1688
<![CDATA[ Standard language is a form of language that adheres to grammatical rules, spelling, and official vocabulary regulated in the Indonesian Spelling General Guidelines (PUEBI) as well as other language regulations. In the field of office administration, the use of standard language is essential because it directly relates to professionalism, credibility, and the effectiveness of communication in both official documents and oral communication. This study aims to examine office administration students’ understanding of standard language use in academic and professional contexts. The research method employed literature studies and observation of students’ coursework documents. The results show that although students understand the concept of standard language, its application is still inconsistent. Errors often occur in spelling, word choice, and sentence structure. The main factors behind the weak application of standard language include daily communication habits that tend to use non-standard language, the influence of social media, and the lack of practice in preparing official documents. Therefore, practical-based learning that emphasizes intensive training in writing formal documents is needed to improve the standard language proficiency of office administration students.]]>
<![CDATA[A Legal Analysis of Medical Malpractice in the Indonesian Legal System ]]>
<![CDATA[Astri Revinesia]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 3: October 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.61730/qe638994
<![CDATA[This study examines the legal phenomenon of medical malpractice in the Indonesian legal system. The background is based on the need for legal certainty, patient protection, and certainty of responsibility of medical personnel and health care facilities in the event of alleged negligence. The study aims to (1) map the regulation of medical malpractice in Indonesian laws and regulations and (2) analyze the legal provisions that can be applied when malpractice occurs. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach , a conceptual approach, and case studies. Primary legal materials include the Law on Medical Practice, the Hospital Law, the Health Law , and implementing regulations related to informed consent and the obligation to make medical records; secondary legal materials are obtained from literature and relevant research results. The results of the study indicate that legal responsibility for alleged medical malpractice is spread across three regimes: (a) civil—through therapeutic relationships and unlawful acts, including hospital responsibility for negligence of health workers; (b) criminal—based on the element of negligence (culpa) that results in consequences for the patient in accordance with statutory provisions ; and (c) administrative/disciplinary — including compliance with professional standards and standard operating procedures, the obligation to have a STR/SIP, the creation of medical records, and the application of professional disciplinary mechanisms. The role of informed consent and the completeness of medical records occupy a central position in proving]]>
<![CDATA[Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Wills that are Detrimental to Heirs According to the Civil Code ]]>
<![CDATA[Hj. Mahanum Z]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 3: October 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.61730/6tga1172
<![CDATA[This study examines the implementation of a will that causes losses to heirs according to the Civil Code (KUHPerdata). The main problems include: (1) legal limitations on implementing a will when it reduces the heirs' absolute rights (legitieme portie); and (2) the position and responsibilities of the executor (executeur testamentair) and the validity implications of a will deed unknown to the heirs. The study uses a normative legal approach, examining key Civil Code provisions (such as Articles 874, 913, 1005, and 1016) supported by secondary legal materials like doctrines and jurisprudence. The results indicate that a will's implementation is limited by the principle of protecting the legitieme portie. Any grant exceeding this limit can be subject to a reduction (inkorting) request by entitled heirs. The executor of a will has the authority to manage and ensure the testator's wishes are fulfilled but can be dismissed for negligence, acting beyond authority, or causing harm. Furthermore, a will is legally binding if it meets formal and material requirements, even if not yet known to the heirs. The heirs' ignorance does not automatically negate the deed's validity but opens legal remedies, such as incorting or cancellation, if it is proven to conflict with applicable legal provisions. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of complying with legitieme portie limits and ensuring the executor's accountability to prevent harm. It also highlights the notary's active role in overseeing formalities and notification to guarantee certainty and fairness in the will's execution. ]]>
<![CDATA[Legal Protection of Personal Data in Online Loans ]]>
<![CDATA[Citra Khairina Maharani Safari]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 3: October 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.61730/b0rhc658
<![CDATA[Inheritance disputes often arise when the execution of a will exceeds the free portion and harms the rights of the heirs protected by the principle of legitime portie in the Civil Code. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of the execution of a will that is detrimental to the heirs and to assess the status of a will deed that is unknown to the heirs or the recipients of the will. The method used is normative juridical research with a statutory and conceptual approach, supplemented by a review of relevant jurisprudence. The analysis is carried out qualitatively and doctrinally on the norms governing wills, the protection of legitime portie, and legal remedy mechanisms. The results of the study indicate: (1) the execution of a will that exceeds the free portion is not immediately null and void by law, but can be requested for reduction (inkorting) by the heirs until their legitime portie is fulfilled; (2) an authentically made will deed remains formally valid as long as it meets the requirements of form, but its validity is relative and can be limited by a court decision to the extent that it violates legitime portie; (3) the heirs' ignorance of the existence of a will does not invalidate its validity, but has implications for the enforcement of rights—including through requests to open the will, requests for copies, and lawsuits for reductions against the will recipients/executors; (4) the final legal consequences are in the form of a recalculation of the distribution of the inheritance and the obligation to return by the will recipients for the portion that exceeds the provisions. This finding emphasizes the importance of transparency and compliance with the limits of legitime portie to prevent disputes and provide legal certainty for the parties.]]>
<![CDATA[Legal Review of the Criminal Act of Embezzlement in Office ]]>
<![CDATA[Ilham Siahaan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 2 No. 3: October 2025 ]]>
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DOI: 10.61730/scy5vw09
<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the basis for the judge's considerations in applying articles in the case of embezzlement in office at the Medan District Court, decision number 789 / Pid.B / 2024 / Pn.Mdn. The main problems studied include (1) how the regulation of the crime of embezzlement and the distinction between Article 372 and Article 374 of the Criminal Code; and (2) how the judge's considerations in proving the elements of the offense in the a quo case. The study uses a normative juridical method with a statute approach and a case study, through a review of relevant doctrines, literature, and trial files. The results of the analysis show that the Panel confirms the fulfillment of the elements of embezzlement in office based on Article 374 of the Criminal Code; with an alternative indictment construction that places Article 372 of the Criminal Code as a subsidiary; because the goods are in the defendant's possession due to his employment/work relationship; and the defendant's position as a collector; with a loss value of around Rp. 2,500,000; involving 35 people. This consideration is in line with the doctrine that Article 374 of the Criminal Code is a lex specialis of Article 372 of the Criminal Code when control of goods arises due to position/work/wages, so that the application of Article 374 is appropriate in this case. The academic implication emphasizes the importance of proving the employment relationship as a determinant of the qualification of the crime, while the practical implication encourages stakeholders (companies/cooperatives) to strengthen the SOP for financial management and deposits to prevent embezzlement in office.]]>
