Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections
Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections (LAWRIC) is a peer-reviewed academic publication that brings together interdisciplinary research and critical scholarship on legal frameworks, human rights issues, migration studies, and correctional systems. Issued three times a year in February, June, and October the journal features original empirical studies, theoretical analyses, policy evaluations, and comparative perspectives aimed at advancing understanding of law’s role in protecting individual rights, regulating cross-border movement, and reforming correctional practices. By welcoming contributions from scholars, practitioners, and policymakers worldwide, the journal fosters rigorous dialogue on emerging challenges and best practices across its four focal areas, without focusing on a specific theme for each issue.
Articles
27 Documents
<![CDATA[The Legal Liability of Marketplace Retailers for the Distribution of Counterfeit Goods in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Abelita Daud]]>;
<![CDATA[Dolot Alhasni Bakung]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammad Rivaldi Moha]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.65101/lawric.v1i3.224
<![CDATA[This study examines the legal liability of marketplace retailers concerning the distribution of counterfeit products across Indonesia. Utilizing a normative legal research methodology incorporating statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches, this research thoroughly investigates retailer accountability within the expanding digital economy. The core findings demonstrate that retailers are strictly subject to civil liability through financial compensation, administrative liability via government sanctions, and contractual liability based on their agreements with consumers and digital platforms. The continuous circulation of counterfeit goods inherently violates consumer protection regulations and directly contravenes the fundamental principle of good faith, subsequently rendering associated sales agreements completely null and void under civil law. Furthermore, the current regulatory framework lacks comprehensive oversight mechanisms specifically targeting these digital retailers. Consequently, this study explicitly recommends strengthening legal regulations, enhancing mandatory product verification procedures by marketplace operators, and enforcing integrated preventive oversight between the state and platforms to effectively protect all vulnerable consumers.]]>
<![CDATA[Regulatory Framework of Reusable Packaging Systems for Sustainable Circular Economy in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Nadila Putri Shenindita]]>;
<![CDATA[Andi Nostadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.65101/lawric.v1i2.233
<![CDATA[This study examines the effectiveness of Extended Producer Responsibility regulations in Indonesia through an empirical socio-legal analysis of the Alner digital platform. Despite statutory mandates requiring waste reduction, enforcement remains weak due to a structural gap between international standards and domestic legal realities. Utilizing Lawrence Friedman’s legal system theory, this research demonstrates how Alner’s digital tracking technology functions as a shadow legal structure. By transforming environmental investments into authentic legal evidence, Alner bridges the enforcement vacuum, enabling producers to verify statutory compliance under Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation P.75/2019. Operational data from 150,000 reuse cycles proves that technology-driven private governance can successfully engineer legal behavior toward a sustainable circular economy. Ultimately, this study recommends that the Indonesian government deeply integrate these digital verification standards into its national oversight systems to better guarantee the constitutional human right to a healthy environment and strongly foster accountable digital environmental governance practices worldwide.]]>
<![CDATA[The Probative Value of Digital Signatures in Authentic Deeds ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Dian Luthfiana Harun]]>;
<![CDATA[Weny Almoravid Dungga]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Taufiq Zulfikar Sarson]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.65101/lawric.v1i3.239
<![CDATA[This study examines the validity and legal implications of electronic signatures in notarial agreements within the Indonesian jurisdiction. Although the Electronic Information and Transactions Law recognizes electronic signatures as valid legal evidence, their direct application to authentic deeds still faces severe normative constraints under the Notary Public Act. Specifically, the Act firmly mandates the physical presence of all parties, the verbal reading of the deed, and the physical signing before an authorized notary. Utilizing normative legal research and statutory approaches, this analysis demonstrates that employing electronic signatures without careful regulatory harmonization degrades the evidentiary power of authentic deeds, effectively reducing them to mere underhand deeds. This systemic conflict generates profound legal uncertainty while significantly increasing the professional liability risks for notaries nationwide. Therefore, comprehensive statutory synchronization alongside the establishment of definitive implementing regulations remains absolutely essential to support a secure, legally sound, and highly prudent digital transformation of notarization practices.]]>
<![CDATA[Consumer Legal Protection Against the Distribution of Illicit Cosmetics in North Gorontalo ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahmatiya Latif]]>;
<![CDATA[Weny Almoravid Dungga]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Nanang M. Kamba]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.65101/lawric.v1i3.240
<![CDATA[The distribution of illicit cosmetic products in North Gorontalo traditional markets poses highly substantial health risks, highlighting a critical gap between statutory consumer protection norms and empirical practices. This study evaluates the efficacy of legal safeguards in ensuring consumer security. Employing an empirical juridical methodology with statutory and conceptual frameworks, this research utilizes field interviews with the Gorontalo BBPOM enforcement team, market traders, and consumers, alongside comprehensive literature reviews. Findings indicate that legal protection operates through preventive mechanisms, including public socialization and routine surveillance, alongside repressive measures like product confiscation and strict law enforcement. However, systemic effectiveness remains fundamentally constrained by consumers' inadequate legal awareness and the complex dynamics of online distribution networks. Ultimately, this current study concludes that fortifying public legal literacy and substantially augmenting institutional supervisory capacities constitute indispensable strategic imperatives for actualizing optimal, sustainable consumer protection against hazardous, unregulated commodities within the contemporary Indonesian domestic retail marketplace.]]>
<![CDATA[Restorative Justice and Hybrid Mediation: Reforming Civil Dispute Resolution in Indonesian Courts ]]>
<![CDATA[Jeremiah Ray Wilson]]>;
<![CDATA[Adi Sulistiyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.65101/lawric.v1i3.244
<![CDATA[This article evaluates the effectiveness of mediation processes in Indonesian civil dispute resolution, emphasizing restorative justice and institutional challenges. By employing a normative empirical methodology, the study analyzes Supreme Court data and Scopus indexed literature to assess systemic disparities between religious and general courts. Findings demonstrate a steady increase in mediation success, reaching fifty four percent recently. However, this success is severely hindered by overreliance on external mediators who often lack substantive legal authority, alongside cultural tendencies favoring adversarial litigation. The novelty of this research lies in proposing a hybrid mediation model and institutionalizing customary restorative justice principles within civil procedures to fulfill substantive justice. The study concludes that mandatory certification, advanced digital mediation platforms, and continuous cross sectoral collaboration are strictly essential. Ultimately, optimizing these structural frameworks will significantly reduce case backlogs, ensuring that amicable settlements become the fundamental pillar of a sustainable and highly equitable modern judicial system.]]>
<![CDATA[Defendant’s Witness-Summoning Cost Budgeting by Public Prosecutors ]]>
<![CDATA[Novritsar Hasintongan Pakpahan]]>;
<![CDATA[Binsar Pamopo Pakpahan]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.65101/lawric.v1i3.220
<![CDATA[The Indonesian Criminal Procedural Law 2025 fundamentally alters trial dynamics, notably through Article 210, which imposes a new legal mandate on Public Prosecutors to formally summon the defendant’s witnesses. This normative legal research examines the implications of this obligation against the backdrop of insufficient financial allocations within the prosecution service. Utilizing statute, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study identifies a critical budgetary vacuum that impedes prosecutorial duties and fundamentally undermines the principle of a fair trial. Findings indicate that while the burden of proof logically necessitates both parties to secure their respective witnesses, the current statutory framework forces prosecutors to bear this administrative responsibility. To resolve this predicament, the Public Prosecutor’s Office must enact specific internal regulations to restructure its financial framework. This restructuring must strictly allocate dedicated funds for summoning defense witnesses, clearly distinguishing between administrative summoning expenditures and actual attendance compensation, thereby ensuring continuous and equitable criminal proceedings.]]>
<![CDATA[Monetization of AI-Generated Songs for Authors’ Economic and Moral Rights Protection ]]>
<![CDATA[Faradigma D. Zainuddin]]>;
<![CDATA[nirwan Junus]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurul Fazri Elfikri]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.65101/lawric.v1i3.263
<![CDATA[Rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have significantly impacted the music industry by enabling AI systems to autonomously create song compositions. This development presents critical legal challenges, particularly concerning the protection of economic and moral rights associated with AI-generated songs. The study examines whether current Copyright Law effectively addresses these issues, employing normative research methods and focusing on relevant legislation and concepts. Findings indicate considerable limitations within existing legal frameworks since the definition of a creator typically pertains to human authors. Consequently, works produced by AI are subjected to a legal gap, resulting in ambiguity regarding the safeguarding of moral and economic rights. The study advocates for regulatory reforms that would clearly define the legal status of AI-generated works, ensuring both legal certainty and fair intellectual property rights protection in the evolving digital landscape.]]>
<![CDATA[Criminal Liability for Online Gender-Based Sextortion Against Women Under Indonesian Criminal Law ]]>
<![CDATA[Rafli H. Husain]]>;
<![CDATA[Dian Ekawaty Ismail]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Rivaldi Moha]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.65101/lawric.v1i3.289
<![CDATA[The development of digital technology has prompted an increase in Online Gender-Based Violence (OGBV) cases, particularly in the form of sextortion targeting women, which has not been specifically regulated under Indonesian criminal law. This study aims to analyze the criminal liability of sextortion perpetrators under Indonesian criminal law, using normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the handling of sextortion in Indonesia remains fragmented across multiple regulations, namely the Criminal Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Pornography Law, and the Sexual Violence Crimes Law. This regulatory fragmentation creates legal uncertainty, judicial inconsistency, and suboptimal protection for victims. Therefore, a specific sextortion criminal provision with a gender perspective is urgently needed to ensure legal certainty and substantive justice for female victims in the digital era.]]>
<![CDATA[Implementation of Spousal Rights and Obligations in Kawin Turun Marriage, South Kotamobagu ]]>
<![CDATA[Gavinna Mantali]]>;
<![CDATA[Dolot Alhasni Bakung]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitran Amrain]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.65101/lawric.v1i3.290
<![CDATA[This study examines how spousal rights and obligations are implemented in the Kawin Turun marriage practice in South Kotamobagu. Kawin Turun is a socially negotiated marriage conducted after premarital pregnancy, but the husband commonly leaves the wife after the marriage ceremony. Using empirical legal research with a qualitative approach, this study draws on interviews, observation, and legal materials concerning marriage law and customary practice. The findings show that the legal bond of marriage does not automatically produce substantive domestic life. The husband’s obligations to provide maintenance, protection, and residence are weakly fulfilled because economic readiness and cohabitation are absent. The wife’s domestic role is also constrained because household management occurs without spousal support. This gap reveals limited legal protection for women and children when customary settlement dominates formal marital obligations. The study concludes that Kawin Turun requires preventive legal education, Religious Affairs Office supervision, and community-based intervention by local institutions.]]>
<![CDATA[Juridical Study of Forest Area Conversion into Agricultural Land in Tamit Village ]]>
<![CDATA[Handipan H. Ali]]>;
<![CDATA[Dolot Alhasni Bakung]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitran Amrain]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Yayasan Cerdas Pedia Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.65101/lawric.v1i3.321
<![CDATA[This study analyzed the juridical changes in the function of forest areas into agricultural land in the village of Tamit, Bunobogu District. The research uses empirical legal methods with a socio-legal approach through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results showed that land use by the community obtained a legal basis after the area of Tamit village was designated as another Use Area (APL) based on SK 6624/MENLHK-PKTL/KUH/PLA.2/10/2021. Legal certainty is strengthened through land certification, especially PTSL programs, which transform factual control into juridical rights. However, Forestry supervision is still needed so that land use does not exceed APL limits. The synchronization of forest, land, and community participation laws is the key to legal protection.]]>
