Research on Instrumentation
Aim and Scope Research on Instrumentation is a scientific journal that aims to provide a comprehensive platform for the dissemination of research and advancements in the field of instrumentation. Its focus is on analog and digital circuit design, measurement systems, control systems, antennas and wave propagation, electromagnetic, and other relevant areas. The journal welcomes original research articles, review papers, and technical notes that contribute to the development and application of instrumentation in various engineering and scientific disciplines. Scope: Analog and Digital Circuit Design: Research on the design, optimization, and application of analog and digital circuits in instrumentation. This includes, but is not limited to, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, signal conditioning circuits, and mixed-signal integrated circuits. Measurement Systems: Advances in the development of systems and methodologies for precise and accurate measurement in various environments. Topics may include sensor technology, data acquisition systems, signal processing techniques, and calibration methods. Control Systems: Innovations in control system design, including feedback and feedforward control, adaptive and robust control, and applications of control theory in instrumentation. This also covers real-time control systems and embedded systems design. Sensors and Actuators: The design, development, and application of sensors and actuators in instrumentation. This includes studies on sensor materials, sensor networks, MEMS-based sensors, and their integration into complex systems. Signal Processing: Research on advanced signal processing techniques for instrumentation systems, including noise reduction, filtering, data compression, and pattern recognition. Embedded Systems: Studies on the integration of embedded systems in instrumentation, focusing on hardware-software co-design, real-time computing, and the development of low-power and high-performance systems. Test and Calibration Methods: Development of innovative testing and calibration techniques for instrumentation systems, ensuring accuracy, reliability, and repeatability in measurements. Applications of Instrumentation: Papers exploring the application of advanced instrumentation in fields such as industrial automation, medical devices, environmental monitoring, telecommunications, and aerospace engineering. Electromagnetic, Antenna and Wave Propagation: Antennas—covering their analysis, design, development, measurement, and testing—as well as radiation, propagation, and how electromagnetic waves interact with both discrete and continuous media. Additionally, the journal addresses applications and systems related to antennas, propagation, and sensing. These include applied optics, millimeter- and sub-millimeter-wave techniques, antenna signal processing and control, radio astronomy, and the propagation and radiation aspects of terrestrial and space-based communication. The Research on Instrumentation is dedicated to advancing the field by publishing high-quality research that drives innovation and facilitates the application of cutting-edge instrumentation techniques across various industries. Contributions that explore interdisciplinary approaches and emerging technologies are highly encouraged.
Articles
20 Documents
<![CDATA[IoT-Based Duck Egg Incubator with Automatic Turning Feature to Increase Productivity ]]>
<![CDATA[Dian Yola Lestari]]>;
<![CDATA[Asrizal Asrizal]]>;
<![CDATA[Mona Berlian Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ Research on Instrumentation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Research on Instrumentation ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RESSTECH ]]>
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DOI: 10.66926/rins.2025.22
<![CDATA[Duck farming has great potential in Indonesia but still faces the challenge of low hatching success rates due to inefficient manual incubation methods. The stability of temperature and humidity, as well as the accuracy of egg turning schedules, are critical factors in supporting successful incubation. To address these issues, this research aims to design and develop an IoT-based duck egg incubator with an automatic turning feature to improve hatching productivity. The system is built using an ESP32 microcontroller, a DHT22 sensor for detecting temperature and humidity, a DS3231 RTC module for automatic egg turning scheduling, and the Blynk application as a platform for remote monitoring and control via a smartphone. The research method used is engineering-based, which includes literature study, hardware and software design, prototype development, system performance testing, and result analysis. The incubator is designed in a box shape measuring 60×40×40 cm with a capacity of approximately 50 eggs. The main components consist of three incandescent lamps as the heat source, a cooling fan, an automatic egg rack driven by an AC motor, and a monitoring system based on an LCD and the Blynk application. Test results show that the device is capable of maintaining an average temperature of 37.9°C and humidity of 62.2%, with standard deviations of ±0.63°C and ±1.90%, respectively — all within the ideal range for duck egg incubation. The DHT22 sensor demonstrated a high level of accuracy, with a precision rate of 99.81% for temperature and 99.15% for humidity when compared to standard measuring instruments. The accuracy of the temperature measurement was 99.84%, and for humidity, it was 99.18%, indicating that the DHT22 sensor performs excellently in terms of precision and stability. The automatic turning feature operates according to the pre-set schedule, specifically at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00 WIB, with each turning lasting two minutes. Temperature and humidity data monitoring through the LCD and Blynk application produced consistent and synchronized results. Initial testing with 50 duck eggs showed a hatching success rate of 91%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the device has good design specifications and performance, is stable in maintaining incubation conditions, and is efficient and practical to use. This system is feasible to be applied as a technological solution in modern duck farming.]]>
<![CDATA[A Groundwater Quality Monitoring System Using IoT and GPS ]]>
<![CDATA[Sally Lerian Edward]]>;
<![CDATA[Riri Jonuarti]]>;
<![CDATA[Mona Berlian Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ Research on Instrumentation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Research on Instrumentation ]]>
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DOI: 10.66926/rins.2025.23
<![CDATA[Conventional groundwater quality monitoring methods are often inefficient due to delays in data acquisition and limitations in spatial location tagging and automated data management. This study aims to develop a portable monitoring system based on NodeMCU ESP32 that is capable of measuring temperature, pH, TDS, and conductivity parameters in situ. The main innovation of this tool lies in the integration of a GPS module for mapping sample collection locations, automatic data storage to spreadsheets via an IoT platform, and a visual LED warning system calibrated according to the quality standards of PerMenKes No. 32 of 2017. Test results show that the system functions optimally with parameter accuracy levels reaching 95-99% and an error rate below 5% compared to standard measuring instruments. This system offers an effective solution for rapid, accurate, and digitally documented groundwater quality mapping]]>
<![CDATA[An Electric Talempong with Transpose System Based on the Teensy 4.1 Microcontroller ]]>
<![CDATA[Alfadli Jambak]]>;
<![CDATA[Riri Jonuarti]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulkifli]]>
<![CDATA[ Research on Instrumentation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Research on Instrumentation ]]>
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DOI: 10.66926/rins.2025.24
<![CDATA[Talempong is a traditional Minangkabau musical instrument that holds significant cultural value and plays a vital role in traditional art performances. However, its application in modern music accompaniment is limited due to a lack of pitch flexibility, as it is generally configured in a fixed base scale such as C=Do. This limitation makes it difficult to integrate talempong into contemporary music arrangements that often require different key scales to suit a singer's vocal range. This research aims to develop an electric talempong equipped with a pitch transposition system based on the Teensy 4.1 microcontroller to enhance its adaptability for modern musical performances. This study employs an engineering approach by designing an electric talempong system using a Teensy 4.1 microcontroller and piezoelectric sensors for 16 pad inputs. Sound frequency is extracted and analyzed using Audacity software. The base pitch is displayed through an OLED screen, while transposition is controlled using two buttons. Testing procedures include sensor characterization, frequency error analysis, accuracy and precision measurement, and practicality evaluation by professional talempong players. The results show that the system has an average frequency error rate of less than 2%, relative accuracy above 97%, and a precision level of up to 99.72% on the C7 note. The practicality score reached 87 out of 100, indicating the system is user-friendly and functional in practice. Therefore, the developed electric talempong proves to be an effective and adaptable instrument for modern music performances while preserving its traditional sound character.]]>
<![CDATA[A Microstrip Bandpass Filter Using Parallel Coupled Lines for 2.4 GHz WiFi Application ]]>
<![CDATA[Deli Anggraini]]>;
<![CDATA[Pakhrur Razi]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulkifli]]>;
<![CDATA[Khairi Budayawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Research on Instrumentation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Research on Instrumentation ]]>
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DOI: 10.66926/rins.2025.25
<![CDATA[In this ever-evolving digital age, the need for wireless communication technology is becoming increasingly crucial in various sectors, such as commercial, industrial, educational, and even household. One of the most commonly used wireless technologies is WiFi (Wireless Fidelity), which enables high-speed wireless internet connections and supports user mobility efficiently. To ensure optimal WiFi performance, a frequency filter capable of selectively operating at specific frequencies, such as the 2.4 GHz band, is required. This study aims to characterize a bandpass filter for 2.4 GHz WiFi applications. The bandpass filter design employs a parallel coupled lines structure. Simulation results show that the filter has a center frequency of 2.45 GHz with a return loss of −28.6 dB, insertion loss of −1.61 dB, and a bandwidth of 93 MHz, which aligns with the specifications. However, measurement results after fabrication showed differences, namely a center frequency of 2.47 GHz, return loss of −25.65 dB, insertion loss of −3.55 dB, and bandwidth of 93 MHz. In conclusion, although the simulation performance meets the specifications, the fabricated performance shows deviations that are likely caused by fabrication tolerances and imperfections in the fabrication process.]]>
<![CDATA[A Microstrip Lowpass Filter Using a Stepped Impedance Hairpin Resonator for GPS Application ]]>
<![CDATA[Resty Amanda]]>;
<![CDATA[Asrizal]]>;
<![CDATA[Pakhrur Razi]]>;
<![CDATA[Khairi Budayawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Research on Instrumentation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Research on Instrumentation ]]>
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DOI: 10.66926/rins.2025.26
<![CDATA[The rapidly developing digital era today, particularly advancements in technology within the fields of navigation and information. One such technological advancement is the Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS is a satellite-based system that uses microwave signals to continuously provide accurate information on position, speed, direction, and time, independent of time and weather conditions. As a result, to obtain accurate information, a device known as a lowpass filter is required to reduce interference in the GPS receiver signal. The increasing sophistication of technology has driven the need for more efficient systems. Therefore, filters for GPS receiver applications are generally designed to be small and thin. One such filter with these characteristics is the microstrip filter. This filter has several advantages, including its small size, ease of fabrication, simplicity in production, and ease of integration into other electronic devices. This research aims to analyze the effect of adding stubs, the influence of the filter's physical dimensions, and to characterize the lowpass filter for GPS applications. The filter was designed using a stepped impedance hairpin resonator (SIHR). The substrate used was NPCH-220A with a dielectric constant of 2.17 and a substrate thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed design complies with the specified filter specifications. Simulation results show a cutoff frequency of 1.79 GHz, return loss of -24 dB, insertion loss in the passband of -0.1 dB, and at the cutoff frequency of -3 dB. Meanwhile, the measurement results show a cutoff frequency of 1.66 GHz, return loss of -45 dB, insertion loss in the passband of -1.6 dB, and at the cutoff frequency of -3 dB. From the results of this study, the microstrip lowpass filter using a stepped impedance hairpin resonator can be used in GPS applications.]]>
<![CDATA[Design and Implementation of PWM-Based Speed Control and Monitoring System for Bucket Elevators in Wheat Flour Production ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahma Nurdi]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulkifli]]>;
<![CDATA[Mona Berlian Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ Research on Instrumentation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Research on Instrumentation ]]>
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DOI: 10.66926/rins.2025.27
<![CDATA[In industrial wheat flour production, efficient material handling is essential to maintain product quality and streamline operations. One critical aspect is the transport of flour to storage silos using bucket elevators, where speed control plays a vital role in preventing delays and mechanical issues. This study presents the design and development of a prototype system for controlling and monitoring the speed of a bucket elevator using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology. The system is built using an Arduino Uno microcontroller, LM393 speed sensor, INA219 voltage and current sensor, and a 12V DC motor with a PWM-based control interface. The proposed solution allows real-time adjustment of motor speed and accurate feedback through an integrated LCD and oscilloscope display. Experimental results show that the system achieves an average accuracy of 98.99% and a low error rate of 1.01% in both loaded and unloaded conditions. The findings confirm that PWM offers a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective method for speed regulation in vertical conveyor systems, particularly for sensitive materials such as wheat flour. This prototype serves as a scalable model for broader industrial applications in food processing.]]>
<![CDATA[Development of a Fish Feed and Water Control System for an Internet of Things-based Smart Aquarium ]]>
<![CDATA[Cindy Tisni Permata]]>;
<![CDATA[Asrizal]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulkifli]]>
<![CDATA[ Research on Instrumentation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Research on Instrumentation ]]>
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DOI: 10.66926/rins.2025.30
<![CDATA[The cultivation of Discus ornamental fish requires a stable aquarium environment, particularly in maintaining water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, turbidity, and feeding management. Irregularities in these parameters can lead to stress, disease, and even mortality in fish. This study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Aquarium system capable of monitoring and automatically controlling water quality and feeding in real time. The research method used is an engineering approach with experimental testing. The system is built using an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with a DS18B20 temperature sensor, pH sensor, turbidity sensor, and HX711 load cell sensor. The actuators include water pumps, relays, a heater, and a servo motor, supported by float switches and a water level sensor for automatic draining and refilling processes. System data is displayed through an I2C LCD and the Blynk application via Wi-Fi for remote monitoring. The experimental results show that the system operates effectively with high accuracy, where the temperature sensor achieves 99.45% accuracy, the pH sensor 98.51%, the turbidity sensor 99.30%, and the load cell sensor 99.25%. The system is capable of maintaining water temperature within the range of 28–30°C, detecting unsuitable water conditions, and controlling feeding based on weight automatically. Therefore, the proposed Smart Aquarium system improves efficiency, monitoring convenience, and the overall quality of Discus fish cultivation.]]>
<![CDATA[An Image Processing-Enabled Humanoid Robot for Autonomous Guest Reception Using ESP32-CAM ]]>
<![CDATA[Fauzan Bin Eylidarson]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulkifli]]>;
<![CDATA[Mona Berlian Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ Research on Instrumentation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Research on Instrumentation ]]>
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DOI: 10.66926/rins.2025.33
<![CDATA[This study presents the design and development of a humanoid robot for guest reception based on image processing using the ESP32-CAM module. The robot is capable of detecting human presence visually, responding through an arm-waving gesture, and delivering an automatic voice greeting. The system integrates the ESP32-CAM for real-time face detection, servo motors for arm actuation, and a DFPlayer Mini audio module for verbal responses. Experimental results show that the system achieves a 100% face detection success rate within 30–90 cm, with an average response time of 1.21 seconds. Performance evaluation under different lighting conditions (30–580 lux) indicates optimal operation between 100–300 lux, with stable detection times ranging from 1.5–2.5 seconds. The system fails to detect faces under 10 lux and above 800 lux. Servo–audio synchronization tests across ten subjects achieved perfect reliability with latency under 50 ms. The robot operates efficiently with power consumption of 1.2 A during active detection and 0.4 A when idle. This research demonstrates that a low-cost embedded architecture can successfully realize a functional humanoid robot for automated public reception tasks in indoor environments.]]>
<![CDATA[Development of Microstrip Low-Pass Filter for Weather Radar ]]>
<![CDATA[Razu Alfurkan Hamdi]]>;
<![CDATA[Pakhrur Razi]]>;
<![CDATA[Mairizwan]]>
<![CDATA[ Research on Instrumentation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): Research on Instrumentation ]]>
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DOI: 10.66926/rins.2024.45
<![CDATA[This study aims to design and fabricate a microstrip-based lowpass filter optimized for weather radar applications at a working frequency of 2 GHz. This lowpass filter is designed using an NPC H220A substrate, which has a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The selection of this substrate is based on its ability to produce stable performance at high frequencies and has material characteristics that support component miniaturization. The methodology used includes initial design using electromagnetic simulation software to determine the optimal dimensional parameters of the microstrip filter. After that, the fabrication process is carried out based on the simulation results, followed by filter performance testing through S-parameter measurements. The test results show that the designed filter successfully reaches a cutoff frequency of around 2 GHz with low insertion loss, and provides a significant signal reduction at frequencies above the cutoff. This indicates that the filter made has good ability to filter unwanted high-frequency signals, according to the needs of weather radar applications. Overall, this study has succeeded in producing a microstrip lowpass filter that meets the expected technical specifications, so that it can be applied in weather radar systems to improve the accuracy and efficiency of weather signal detection]]>
<![CDATA[A Step Impedance Microstrip Filter for Microwave RFID Application ]]>
<![CDATA[Gina Haziza Ariani]]>;
<![CDATA[Asrizal]]>;
<![CDATA[Mairizwan]]>
<![CDATA[ Research on Instrumentation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): Research on Instrumentation ]]>
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DOI: 10.66926/rins.2024.46
<![CDATA[RFID is an automatic identification technology that uses electromagnetic waves to transmit and receive information stored in tags or responders upon request from an RFID reader. To ensure that only signals with the working frequency of the RFID reader enter the reader, the signals are filtered first using a filter. A filter is a transition device designed to pass desired frequencies while eliminating or attenuating undesired frequencies. Therefore, a lowpass microstrip filter is designed for RFID microwave applications to limit the radio wave frequencies used in the RFID system. The designed lowpass microstrip filter has a cut-off frequency of 2.4 GHz, an insertion loss of -3 dB, a return loss of -10 dB, and an input impedance of 50 ohm. The lowpass filter is implemented on a microstrip substrate NPC-H220A. variations in the physical design of the microstrip filter can affect the signal performance in achieving the desired cut-off frequency, insertion loss, and return loss. Thus, lowpass microstrip filters with different dimensions are designed. The result of these dimensional changes will be analyzed to determine which design yields the best performance that meets the desired specifications. This research is based on S-Parameters measured using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). According to the S-Parameter, S11 represents the return loss, which indicates how well the filter avoids signal reflection back to the source. The smaller the S11 value, the better the filter performance in reducing reflections. S21 represents the insertion loss, measuring the signal loss as it passes through the filter. The smaller the S21 value, the more efficient the filter, indicating that a larger signal successfully passes through the filter]]>
