Journal of International Relations Studies
Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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<![CDATA[4. SUPERIOTAS NEGARA ATAS ORGANISASI INTERNASIONAL: KEGAGALAN KERJA SAMA UNODC – MYANMAR DALAM MENANGANI PRODUKSI OPIUM PERIODE 2006-2013 ]]>
<![CDATA[Oktavia, Medyna]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiatiningsih, Hermini]]>;
<![CDATA[Farabi, Nadia]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Myanmar is the second biggest producer of opium in the world after Afghanistan. Opiumproduction in Myanmar is taking place in Golden Triangle region where is vulnerable topoverty and armed conflict. Although poppy cultivation and opium production has beendeclared illegal by the Government through Act of 1974, most society still commit thecrime. On the other hand, UNODC has established cooperation with Myanmar since 2002but failed to reduce the number of opium production. The cooperation has resulted inseveral policies such as International Crop Monitoring Program and AlternativeDevelopment. Implementation of these policies lose ground due to the increase in opiumproduction. This study tries to analyze the causes of the failure of cooperation using realistapproach combined with evaluative framework borrowed from public administration. Thisstudy argues that UNODC has no bargaining power towards Myanmar so it failed to forceMyanmar comply the agreement. In addition, the failure also caused by conflict of interestbetween both parties while in implementing the agreement.]]>
<![CDATA[27. PELANGGARAN PRINSIP NON-REFOULEMENT TERHADAP PENGUNGSI DAN PENCARI SUAKA PADA KEBIJAKAN OPERATION SOVEREIGN BORDERS SERTA IMPLIKASINYA BAGI INDONESIA SEBAGAI NEGARA TRANSIT ]]>
<![CDATA[Anggriawan, Danang Fery]]>;
<![CDATA[Utomo, Tri Cahyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Pattipelohy, Shary Charlotte]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[The arrival of boat people from Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and the Middle East to Australia sincethe 1970s marked the beginning of an irregular arrival in that country. Irregular arrival toAustralia in fact has an important influence for political and economic condition. In aneffort to respond these issues, the Australian government under the leadership of PrimeMinister Tony Abbott issued a policy named Operation Sovereign Borders (OSB). Themain key of the policy will be carried out by intercepting the entire Irregular MaritimeArrival (IMA) and combating the practice of people smuggling. The purpose of thisresearch is to describe the implementation of the principle of non-refoulement in theOSB’s policies that run during the reign of PM Abbott. This research showed thatAustralia had violated the principle of non-refoulement in the implementation of the policy.Australia is also suspected of committing violations of human rights of refugees andasylum seekers. While other impacts arising from the implementation of OSB’s policies isthe emergence of political tensions between Australia and Indonesia.]]>
<![CDATA[18. UPAYA UNODC DALAM MENANGANI NARCOTERRORISM DI AFGHANISTAN PERIODE 2011-2014 ]]>
<![CDATA[Cimeta, Ribka]]>;
<![CDATA[Utomo, Tri Cahyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Paramasatya, Satwika]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Afghanistan is an area where narcoterrism is happening. In there, Taliban helped to launchthe process of opium production and trade it to the international world and makeAfghanistan as a contributor to the world's largest opium. By using the theory of liberalisminstitutional, the researcher trying to analize UNODC’s effort to combat narcotic and howterrorism group get involved in that issuse. The purpose of this study is to determine thegrowth of opium situation in Afghanistan as well as the intervention of the Taliban, andthe efforts of UNODC to overcome this problem in the period of 2011-2014. The resultsshowed that in UNODC’s effort, they found several obstacles as well as the reality thatshows the increasing amount of opium production program despite all the efforts they didto implements their country programme.]]>
<![CDATA[9. ANALISIS POLA PENYELUNDUPAN SENJATA ILEGAL: STUDI KASUS POLA PENYELUNDUPAN SENJATA OLEH VIKTOR BOUT DI ANGOLA DAN LIBERIA TAHUN 1990-1998 ]]>
<![CDATA[Arafat, M Yaser]]>;
<![CDATA[Utomo, Tri Cahyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Paramasatya, Satwika]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[The notorious Viktor Bout, the most influenced person in the illegal arms smuggling hashuge reputation in supplying illegal arms to the conflicted countries. With his offshorecompanies and his wide-scale network in arms business he supplied small arms and lightweapon (SA/LW) freely without any suspicion of violated the arms embargoes. Liberiaand Angola were countries which clearly cooperated with Viktor Bout to illegally sellarms with the high intensity. Using the method of library research, arms traffickingconcept, and refer to the previous research also with the comparison method in the patternused by Bout in both countries, this research concludes that there is opposite pattern inarms smuggling between Liberia and Angola by Bout. In his operation in Liberia, Boutused the pattern of government assisted-trade which he used to cooperate with localgovernment to illegally break arms embargo and smuggle arms. In Angola, he used thepattern of company brokered-trade which allowed him to utilize his companies andcooperation network to help him smuggled arms to both government and rebel group inAngola.]]>
<![CDATA[32. DILEMA KEBIJAKAN OPERASI MARE NOSTRUM TERHADAP ARUS MIGRASI DI ITALIA 2012 – 2015 ]]>
<![CDATA[Phedra Phelia, Almira Devina]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiatiningsih, Hermini]]>;
<![CDATA[Basith Dir, Andi Akhmad]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Migration flows in Italy increased post-Arab Spring that happeneed in North Africa andthe Middle East. Libya as a major gateway shipments directly affected migrants from theArab Spring so that there is instability in the conditions of the region. Smugglers fromLibya used to send irregular migrants from Libya towards Italy. On the way to Italy, manymigrants suffered at sea, the vessel which carrying migrants was not worth with excesscapacity. Lampedusa tragedy claimed 360 people died at sea, the Italians immediatelyresponded by establishing an operations to rescue migrants named Operation MareNostrum. This rescue operation received a negative response from the other party, becausethe operation regarded as the cause of the high flows of irregular migration in Italy andspread to other EU countries, then causing a dilemma. Italy have to bear a very high cost torun the operation alone, but Italy still carry out such operations alone. This research triedto find the Italian reasons to run Operation Mare Nostrum and effectiveness of the policy.This research found that Operation Mare Nostrum done in obedience to comply the normand it was not so effective in its implementation.]]>
<![CDATA[23. ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN OFFENSIVE CYBER OPERATIONS MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN NUKLIR IRAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Melysa, Ary]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Basith Dir, Andi Akhmad]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Iran's nuclear program was first initiated by joining the U.S. Atoms For Peace program. Ithowever, changed when Iranian Revolution was occuring in 1979. Since then, the U.S haswithdrawn its support to Iran's nuclear program. Although the program has beensuspended, Iran continues its development after war with Iraq. The U.S. concerned thatIran's new nuclear program was built to produce nuclear weapons. After failing to preventIran from developing its nuclear program through diplomatic approaches, the U.S. wasseeking a new alternative by using Offensive Cyber Operation or also known as OlympicGames. Together with Israel, the U.S. created the first ever cyber weapon called Stuxnet.The target of this operation is Uranium Enrichment Facility in Natanz, Iran. Specifically,Stuxnet has damaged around 1000 centrifuges whose primarily function is to enrich theuranium. This research aims to find out the reason of the U.S. in using Offensive CyberOperations instead of Conventional Military Operations with regard to Iran's nuclear threat.To do so, this research uses Offensive Realism theory with qualitative method. Theoutcome of this research is: the U.S. as a rational actor has chosen Offensive CyberOperations because the operation has brought the U.S. a number of strategic gains thatcannot be necessarily achieved by Conventional Military Operations. These strategic gainsare 1) Anonimity 2) Practicality in terms of distance, cost and risk 3) Execution easinessand 4) Political and bureaucracy leeway.]]>
<![CDATA[14. HAMBATAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DAN ECPAT DALAM MENANGANI PARIWISATA SEKS ANAK MELALUI RAN PTPPO DAN ESKA ]]>
<![CDATA[Novi, Silvia]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Farabi, Nadia]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Indonesia has become the second largest country in Asia after Thailand in child sextourism. The situation will increase every year because the tourists migrated from Thailandto Indonesia, since Thailand implement the Child Protection Act’s amendment in theircountry. These conditions make this research made for knowing obstacle from IndonesianGovernment and ECPAT’s efford in resolve child sex tourism crimes through RAN TPPOand ESKA 2009-2014. After research conducted using collective action teory,implementation of policy teory, and an explanatory method, researcher found there areobstacle in the implementation of the RAN TPPO and ESKA 2009-2014. These obstaclescome from groups of people who abuses the system, where the group of people helptourists to get child, or they sell the women and children by reason of giving them job. Theobstacle also come from the implementation of the policy, where there is no clearregulatory standards, target in the policy not comprehensive, and bad conditions in theeconomic and social sectors of society.]]>
<![CDATA[5. EFEKTIVITAS KERJA SAMA INDONESIA – TIONGKOK DALAM UPAYA PEMBERANTASAN JARINGAN SINDIKAT NARKOBA DI WILAYAH INDONESIA TAHUN 2012-2014 ]]>
<![CDATA[Bandung, Bimasakti Aryo]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiatiningsih, Hermini]]>;
<![CDATA[Hanura, Marten]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[spread all over the country’s provinces. Those situations were realized by BNN as theprime government organization for Narcotic crime in Indonesia with the main source ofthis problems is China. So that, the Indonesia and Chinese Governments establishedMemorandum of Understanding (MoU) for eradication of illicit drug syndicates in 2012.The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of a relation between Indonesiaand China in eradicating illicit drugs syndicates. The research methodologies are withqualitative method, descriptive-analysis type of research, and the data collection ofinterview and literature review type. Since the MoU activated in 2012, a qualitativeanalysis of effectiveness did in purpose of testing the relations between Indonesia andChina based on three parameters, which are: communication intensity, result of eradication,and appreciation. Results from the analysis based on the parameters will prove that thecooperation between the nations are effective and can be refer to ‘Golden Triangle’. Thereason of this results are because there were an increasing number in disclosure of the caseand people arrest that affected to the reduction of the drugs users in 2014.]]>
<![CDATA[28. PENUNDAAN INDONESIA DALAM MERATIFIKASI PERJANJIAN EKSTRADISI DENGAN SINGAPURA TAHUN 2007-2014 (STUDI KASUS: KORUPSI BLBI) ]]>
<![CDATA[Wicaksana, Avinasa Suryagilang]]>;
<![CDATA[Susiatiningsih, Hermini]]>;
<![CDATA[Hanura, Marten]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Indonesia is one of the country with a high level of corruption. One issue that stands out isBLBI (Bank Indonesia Liquidity Assistance). This problem then developed to complexwhen the suspects fled to neighboring countries, namely Singapore. To overcome this, in2007 Indonesia - Singapore conclude an extradition treaty. But after that Indonesia delaythe extradition treaty, because Singapore input this agreement in DCA (DefenseCooperation Agreement). By using the theory of realism and globalization to see thatthreatened state security and corruption offenses be transnational crime, as well asqualitative methods, this study analyzes why Indonesia postponed the extradition treatybetween Indonesia and Singapore 2007-2014, particularly in cases of corruption. The studyfound that although the delays Indonesia to ratify the extradition treaty, which leads to thedifficulties of law enforcement for criminals who flee to Singapore, Indonesia will remainin his stance by not ratifying the extradition. This is because Indonesia will experience alot of harm, such as threats to the]]>
<![CDATA[19. PERAN ASEAN CONVENTION ON COUNTER TERRORISM DALAM PENANGANAN TERORISME DI FILIPINA PERIODE 2011 – 2013 ]]>
<![CDATA[Namora, Giuliani Agustha]]>;
<![CDATA[Windiani, Reni]]>;
<![CDATA[Paramasatya, Satwika]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[The terrorist attack that happened in various states particularly after 9/11 tragedy is not anew issue for the Southeast Asian countries. The issue of terrorism that was once became aconcern of individual country, has now became a shared concern for the countriesinSoutheast Asia due to the situation in the international order that are facing complexsecurity. Various acts of terrorist attack that hasoccurred in the Philippines arethe concreteexample of the complex security, because the terrorist groupsfrom the rest of the SoutheastAsian countries itself are linkedto each other. ASEAN as an institution representing theSoutheast Asia region issued the ASEAN Convention on Counter Terrorism in 2007 as aresponse to the threats of terrorism faced by the region. This research aims to analyze therole of ACCT convention in combating terrorism in the Phlippines in the year 2011 – 2013due to the increasing number of terrorist attack since the convention came into force. Toanalyze the role itself, this research uses neoliberal institutionalism theory. The methodthat is used in this research is qualitative method with descriptive-analytical type throughinterviews and literature technics. Outcome from this research is the ACCT Conventionhas role in providing legal norms, ordinances, and strategies in facing terrorist threats tothe member countries of ASEAN. These strategies had been implemented by thePhilippines through various actions and activities during the year 2011 – 2013 such as theadoption of new laws related to terrorism, provision of capacity building training for lawenforcement and counter-radicalization or rehabilitation programs for former perpetratorsof terrorism.]]>
