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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 65 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 22 no. 5 (2021)" : 65 Documents clear
Biometrics, distribution, and breeding notes of Savanna Nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) in several islands of Indonesia Wahyu Widodo; Eko Sulistyadi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220538

Abstract

Abstract. Widodo W, Sulistyadi E. 2021. Biometrics, distribution, and breeding notes of Savanna Nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) in several islands of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2756-2762. The Savanna Nightjar Caprimulgus affinis Horsfield, 1821, a member of the family Caprimulgidae, is a sexually dimorphic, insectivorous nightjar species commonly found in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. A least-concern species, Savanna Nightjar has diverse habitats from grasslands to shrubs to high-rise rooftops in the middle of the city. Yet, its breeding habits, particularly in urban areas, remain obscure. The purpose of the research is to discuss the biometric measurement, distribution pattern and notes of the breeding of Savanna Nightjar, through analyzing 50 specimens originating from Java, Sumatra, Billiton, Borneo, and Nusa Tenggara Islands belonging to the Museum of Zoology Bogor (MZB) in Cibinong and through a series of observation. The morphological measurements of specimens include the measurements of the length of the bodies, the wings, the tails, the bills, and the tarsi. One-way ANOVA analysis showed that the length of the body and the tail of Savanna Nightjar in Nusa Tenggara are significantly longer than those of Savanna Nightjar in Java, Sumatra, Billiton, or Borneo islands. The biometric differences could have been contributed to different habitat characteristics. Additionally, it was found the likelihood of breeding habit of Savanna Nightjar in urban areas with that of the countrysides because of the resemblance of semi-natural ecosystems in the city such as artificial rivers, small lakes, and parks to Nightjar’s open landscape natural habitats, which facilitates the breeding habits. Still, the migration of Savanna Nightjar from open country-landscapes to the metropolitan areas remains elusive and requires a more detailed study
Short Communication: Morphometric variations in two populations of Limnophora marginata Stein, 1904 (Diptera, Muscidae) in Ecuador MARÍA ALEJANDRA RUIZ; CAMILA ACOSTA-LÓPEZ; ANA SOTO-VIVAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220524

Abstract

Abstract. Ruiz MA, Acosta-López C, Soto-Vivas A. 2021. Short Communication: Morphometric variations in two populations of Limnophora marginata Stein, 1904 (Diptera, Muscidae) in Ecuador. Biodiversitas 22: 2654-2657. Limnophora includes 230 species, eleven of which are present in Ecuador. There are few studies on the bioecology of these species in the country. However, recent studies indicate that Limnophora marginata Stein, 1904 as the most abundant species in the Evergreen High Montane Forest (EHMF) located at 3400 masl in Tocachi parish, in contrast to a low abundance in the Dry Forest (DF) at 2500 masl in Malchingui parish, Pedro Moncayo Canton. This study was described the wing morphogeometric variation of L. marginata associated with these two habitats. Thirty-two wings were photographed: 16 specimens in EHMF and 16 in DF. The coordinates configurations (x,y) were registered and aligned through Generalized Procrustes Analysis. The centroid size between habitats was significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis; p?0.005); EHMF specimens were larger than DF. Reclassification a posteriori was perfect in DF specimens (100%), and almost perfect in EHMF (93.75%). The landmarks that most contributed to the variation between habitats were: Interception between M and wing border, interception dm-cu, and interception between Cu and dm-cu. The wing morphometric variations observed in L. marginata could be associated with phenotypic plasticity.
Insertion of cellulase gene in yeast expression vector (pYY1 and pWYH257 Plasmid) as a candidate for cellulosic ethanol-producing strain Arief Muammar; Indah Oktaviana; Joseph Chohansandhika; Niken Satuti Nur Handayani
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220532

Abstract

Abstract. Muammar A, Oktaviana I, Chohansandhika J, Handayani NSN. 2021. Insertion of cellulase gene in yeast expression vector (pYY1 and pWYH257 Plasmid) as a candidate for cellulosic ethanol-producing strain. Biodiversitas 22: 2715-2721. Production of ethanol from cellulose-based materials often faces obstacles because it requires extensive pretreatment and large amounts of cellulase enzymes. Another method that is more efficient is by inserting cellulase genes from cellulolytic microorganisms such as Aspergillus niger which possess cellulase enzymes encoded by cbhA gene. This gene is inserted into the host which will then be used to produce candidate strains able to produce cellulosic ethanol. This study aimed to insert cbhA gene into vector with a strong promoter to form the candidate. Total RNA was isolated from Aspergillus niger and converted into cDNA. The cbhA gene is amplified from cDNA, then used as insert and inserted into yeast expression vector pYY1 and pWYH257. Vector and inserts were cut using restriction enzymes. Ligation products were transformed into competent cells of Escherichia coli DH10B, the transformation results were confirmed by Colony PCR. Recombinant plasmids were transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1. The results obtained from the study are that cbhA gene amplification has been successfully carried out by producing DNA bands with the size of 1514 bp as expected for the target gene. The gene was successfully inserted into pYY1 and pWYH257 vector and the recombinant pYY1 plasmid was successfully transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1
Characteristics of vegetation as determinant of Timor Friarbird (Philemon inornatus) distribution in Bipolo Lanscape of West Timor Island, Indonesia Blasius Paga; SATYAWAN PUDYATMOKO; LIES RAHAYU WIJAYANTI FAIDA; IGN. PRAMANA YUDA; NURPANA SULAKSONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220521

Abstract

Abstract. Paga B, Pudyatmoko S, Faida LRW, Yuda IP, Sulaksono N. 2021. Characteristics of vegetation as determinant of Timor Friarbird (Philemon inornatus) distribution in Bipolo Landscape of West Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2617-2635. This study aims to identify vegetation factors as determinants of the distribution of Timor Friarbird (Philemon inornatus) in Timor Island. Timor Friarbird is one of the seven endemics bird species widely distributed in Timor Island, from the eastern region of Timor Leste to western region of Indonesia. This research was conducted at Bipolo Landscape, located in Timor Island, and has diversity of tropical flora diversity surrounding its Natural Tourism Park, which provides Timor Friarbird habitat. The characteristics of vegetation ecology were obtained by sampling design through Biogeography Branch's Sampling Design Tool for ArcGIS, while land use cover type was obtained by maximum likelihood method. The structure and composition of vegetation were observed through nested plot sampling, while Timor Friarbird species were assessed using the combination of point count and line transect method. The result obtained was formulated by discriminant linear regression. The vegetation parameters influencing the presence of Timor Friarbird were tree land use cover, number of trees and their species, pole land use cover, number of poles and their species, sapling land use cover, number of saplings and their species. Timor Friarbird is more likely to be present in the land cover area of poles with a minimum number of individual trees, poles, and saplings (press value Q = 6,63 ? 7). The results of discriminant analysis obtained a new group (nine variables), used collectively as a determinant factor for the presence of Timor Friarbird in their natural habitat on Timor Island
Reproductive aspects of naleh fish (Barbonymus sp.): A native species from Nagan river, Aceh Province, Indonesia Deni Efizon; Agung S. Batubara; Zainal A. Muchlisin; Roza Elvyra; Syamsul Rizal; Mohd N. Siti-Azizah
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220528

Abstract

Abstract. Efizon D, Batubara AS, Muchlisin ZA, Elvyra R, Rizal S, Siti-azizah MM. 2021. Reproductive aspects of naleh fish (Barbonymus sp.): A native species from Nagan river, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2682-2690. Naleh fish (Barbonymus sp.) is a native species in Indonesia and reproductive biology is key information to planning a better conservation strategy for this species. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the spawning season, sex ratio, and fecundity of the naleh fish harvested from Nagan Raya District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted from January to December 2016 at three sampling locations that were determined purposively based on the recommendations of local fishermen. The fish samples were caught using casting nets and gillnets at two-week intervals. A total of 761 fish samples, comprising 135 females and 626 males, with males predominating at a ratio of 1:4.6 (female: male). The gonadosomatic index (GSI) average of the females ranged from 0.58% to 4.28%, while 1.24% to 4.18% for males. The male fish first matured at 73 mm, whereas the female reached maturity at a size of 85 mm. The total fecundity ranged from 656-5725 eggs with an average of 2663.2 eggs, whereas the relative fecundity from 35.69-254.65 eggs gram-1 body weight with an average of 136.88 eggs gram-1 body weight. Our finding able to demonstrate that reproductive properties of Barbonymus sp. allow us to better estimate their spawning season either females and males, which can be useful for conservation planning and also their fecundity data was important for aquaculture development in the future.
Review: Fruit collapse and heart rot disease in pineapple: Pathogen characterization, ultrastructure infections of plant and cell mechanism resistance Diego Mauricio Cano Reinoso; Loekas Soesanto; Kharisun Kharisun; Condro Wibowo
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220504

Abstract

Abstract. Cano-Reinoso DM, Soesanto L, Kharisun, Wibowo C. 2021. Review: Fruit collapse and heart rot disease: Pathogen characterization, ultrastructure infections of plant and cell mechanism resistance. Biodiversitas 22: 2477-2488. Fruit collapse and bacterial heart rot are diseases in pineapple caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi (later classified as Dickeya zeae) which are increasingly prevalent in the last decade, causing devastating production loss in pineapple cultivation. Yet, comprehensive knowledge to tackle such diseases is limited, understandably due to the relatively new emerge of the diseases. Here, we review the causes of bacterial heart rot and fruit collapse, stages of infection, typical symptoms and the occurrence of resistance mechanisms in plants. In pineapple, the fruit collapse is noticeable by the release of juice and gas bubbles, also the shell of the fruit that turns into olive-green. Meanwhile, bacterial heart rot is characterized by water-soaked zones on the leaves, the formation of brown streaks on the lamina and in the mesophyll, and light-brown exudate in the blisters. The most common means of penetration into the host plant used by this type of pathogen is through plant natural openings, injuries and wounds, and entire surfaces. Concurrently, plants and fruits develop disease-resistant mechanisms to inhibit infection growth under this pathogenic attack. These mechanisms can be divided into hypersensitive reactions, locally acquired resistance, and systematic acquired resistance. In addition, pathological infections produce an interaction of the cell wall with pectolytic enzymes. Understanding the membrane breakdown process carried out by these enzymes has become critical to a pineapple protection plan. This review suggests that future research to tackle fruit collapse and bacterial heart rot can be focused on disease-resistant mechanisms, and their effects on the cell wall status with an enzymatic characterization.
Proteomic approach: Identification of Nephotettix virescens vector protein transmitting the tungro virus in rice WASIS SENOAJI; Bambang Tri Rahardjo; Hagus Tarno
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220537

Abstract

Abstract. Senoaji W, Rahardjo BT, Tarno H. 2021. Proteomic approach: Identification of Nephotettix virescens vector protein transmitting the tungro virus in rice. Biodiversitas 22: 2750-2755. As a vector of tungro virus, Nephotettix virescens is one primary pest in rice cultivars. Associated Rice Tungro Spherical Virus provides a helper component for Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus acquisition produced the severe symptoms in rice. The vector proteins encoded by the virus become a poorly understood transmission of plant viruses, particularly in semi-persistent mechanisms. It is essential to develop new molecules to interrupt the transmission mechanism of plant viruses by insect vectors. This study aimed to detect the helper proteins in vectors with proteomics. Protein separation was performed using SDS-PAGE, and then was identified by the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to find the candidate proteins. The result showed that actin was identified in N. virescens as responsible protein that related to transmitting tungro viruses into the plant.
Isolation and characterization of N-fixing and IAA producing rhizobacteria from two rice field agro-ecosystems in South Sulawesi, Indonesia Nining Haerani; ELKAWAKIB SYAM’UN; BURHANUDDIN RASYID; FERANITA HARING
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220506

Abstract

Abstract. Haerani N, Syam’un E, Rasyid B, Feranita. 2021. Isolation and characterization of N-fixing and IAA producing rhizobacteria from two rice field agro-ecosystems in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2497-2503. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the rhizosphere are microorganisms that can increase N availability for rice plants in a non-symbiotic manner. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria also support growth through the production of growth hormones. These abilities are mainly influenced by the environment and their association with plants. This research aims to determine the microbial characteristics from two different rice fields agro-ecosystems (rainfed and irrigated) in South Sulawesi. Bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice in six districts were cultured and isolated using Burk's N-free media for screening purposes. A total of 20 isolates were observed for their morphological and biochemical properties, determined their ability to fix nitrogen and produce IAA. The results showed that all isolates could grow on nitrogen-free media, in which 13 isolates were isolated from rainfed rice fields, and 7 isolates were from irrigated rice fields with various physical and biochemical properties, all other qualities tested also varied. NG4 isolate from Gowa Regency (rainfed rice field) produced the highest nitrogen (0.157%), and NB13 isolate from Barru (rainfed rice field) had the highest concentration of growth hormone (IAA) (1,835 mg L-1). All isolates obtained from rainfed rice fields showed a better ability to fix nitrogen and produce growth hormone than those from irrigated rice fields. Bacteria isolates from rainfed rice fields have higher biofertilizers and biostimulant capacity to develop environmentally-friendly rice cultivation.
Genetic analysis on grain physical characteristics and grain color from the crosses of black × white rice genotypes Siti Nurhidayah; PANJI HANDOKO BADIARAJA; HERU TOTOK AGUNG D. HARYANTO; PRITA SARI DEWI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220539

Abstract

Abstract. Nurhidayah S, Firmansyah E, Haryanto TAD, Dewi PS. 2021. Genetic studies of grain physical characteristics and grain color from the crosses of black × white rice genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 2763-2772. This study was conducted to investigate genetic variance, cytoplasmic maternal effect, gene action, and broad-sense heritability of grain physical characteristics and grain color from crosses of black × white rice genotypes (Oryza sativa). Genetic studies were conducted using F2 generations from the crosses of black × white rice genotypes and their reciprocal crosses. The plant materials consisted of seven black rice genotypes (PH2, PH3, PH4, PH5, PH6, PH7, and PH8), three commercial white rice varieties (Inpari 13, Inpari 18, and Inpari 19),  a total of 30 F2 generations, and their reciprocal crosses. There are four-grain physical traits examined: grain length, grain width, grain thickness, and grain color. The result showed that maternal cytoplasmic effect was present in most F2 generations and their reciprocal crosses. The characters of grain length, grain width, and grain thickness are controlled by polygene with additive action. Based on the results of the Chi-Square Test, the grain color did not follow the expected 1: 2: 1 ratio for incomplete dominance involving monogenic traits. Broad sense heritability for grain length, grain width, and grain thickness are varied from low to medium for a cross of black rice genotypes × Inpari 19, and low to high for the crosses of black rice genotypes × Inpari 13 and black rice genotypes × Inpari 18.
Demarcation area between juvenile and mature wood in Elaeocarpus angustifolius Istie Rahayu; Gilang Laksono; Wayan Darmawan; Akhirudin Maddu; Esti Prihatini
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220517

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu I, Laksono GD, Darmawan W, Maddu A, Prihatini E. 2021. Demarcation area between juvenile and mature wood in Elaeocarpus angustifolius. Biodiversitas 22: 2583-2590. Wood for use in building and industrial materials is generally supplied from plantations and natural forests. Timber demand has been increasing as the population grows, but the availability of timber from natural forests is declining. Therefore, to meet timber needs, wood from community forests is becoming a solution. Community forests are widely planted with fast-growing trees, such as Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume. It offers the advantages of a short cutting cycle and large-diameter wood. This study aimed to determine the demarcation area between juvenile and mature wood on 6-year-old E. angustifolius based on anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties. The parameters used to determine the demarcation area included the following properties: anatomical (fiber length, cell wall thickness, and microfibril angle [MFA]), physical (moisture content and green density), and mechanical (modulus of elasticity [MOE], modulus of rupture [MOR], and hardness). Those parameters were measured from pith to bark. Data analyses were based on segmented linear regression models using PROC NLIN in SAS. Fiber length, cell wall thickness, green density, MOE, MOR, and hardness values increased from pith to bark. Results from the segmented linear regression models on anatomical properties allowed extrapolating that mature wood would begin at the 18 cm (based on fiber length), the 20 cm (based on cell wall thickness), and the 21 cm (based on MFA) distance from the pith. the proportion of juvenile wood in E. angustifolius was 100%. Fiber length, cell wall thickness, and MFA can be used to determine the transition point of juvenile wood and mature wood in E. angustifolius.

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