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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "vol. 10 no. 2 (2018)" : 8 Documents clear
Antioxidant activity and analgesic assessment of Lansium domesticum stem bark infusion PRATIWI APRIDAMAYANTI; INARAH FAJRIATY; ETNI HATITA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100201

Abstract

Apridamayanti P, Fajriaty I, Etni Hatita E. 2018. Antioxidant activity and analgesic assessment of Lansium domesticum stem bark infusion. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 71-75. Langsat (Lansium domesticum Correa) is empirically used as a medicine for fever and pain. This study intended to determine the effectiveness of stem bark infusion of langsat as an antioxidant and analgesic. Antioxidant activity test was performed by DPPH method (2,2 Diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil), with infusion at concentration of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm. Absorbance of the sample was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The analgesic test was performed on male Swiss mice by Writhing test using acetic acid 0.6%, CMC-Na induced negative control, Paracetamol 65 mg/kg BW induced positive control, dose I (65 mg/kg BW), dose II (130 mg/kg BW) and dose III (195 mg/kg BW). Data was analyzed using One Way ANOVA in SPSS and the percentage of writhing protection at each dose was calculated. The results of phytochemical metabolites screening of stem bark infusion showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids/steroids, tannins, phenols and saponins. Antioxidant activity measured by spectrophotometric measurements showed that the antioxidant activity of stem bark infusion was IC50 2820 ?g/ml. The percentage of writhing protection on dose I, II, and III was 57.52%, 42.48% and 24.51% respectively, showing a significant difference with negative control at minute 5, 10 and 15 (P <0, 05). There were no significant differences between positive control and dose I, at minute 30 to minute 60 (P> 0,05). The effective dose of stem bark infusion was obtained as an analgesic at dose of 65 mg/kg BW from 30 to 60 minutes.
Short Communication: The effect of ethylene glycol as plasticizer against mechanical properties of bioplastic originated from jackfruit seed starch and cocoa pod husk MAULIDA LUBIS; MARA BANGUN HARAHAP; M. HENDRA S. GINTING; SITI MAYSARAH; ARIF GANA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100202

Abstract

Lubis M, Harahap MB, Ginting MHS, Maysarah S, Gana A. 2018. Short Communication: The effect of ethylene glycol as plasticizer against mechanical properties of bioplastic originated from jackfruit seed starch and cocoa pod husk. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 76-80. The addition of elasticity of bioplastic from jackfruit seed starch reinforced with cacao pod husk was studied using ethylene glycol as plasticizer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of addition of ethylene glycol as plasticizer against mechanical properties of bioplastic from jackfruit seed starch and cacao pod husk. Bioplastic was made by casting method at temperature 88.1 ?C with ratios of cacao pod husk as fillers and jackfruit seed as starch were 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5 (w/v). The variations of ethylene glycol were from 0.2 (v/w) to 0.4 (v/w). The result showed that ethylene glycol could increase the mechanical properties of bioplastic. The best condition of bioplastic was achieved at ratio 7:3 in addition of ethylene glycol was 0.2 (v/w) with tensile strength of 15.40 MPa and elongation at break 2.39%. The result of FT-IR analysis indicated that bioplastics consisted of O-H group, C-H group, C=O group and C-O group. The SEM images demonstrated the bioplastic with cacao pod husk as filler and ethylene glycol as plasticizer had the fracture surfaces with the compact structure compared to that bioplastic without fillers.
Effect of different levels of fermented rice bran for the growth of jelawat, Leptobarbus hoevenii HENDRY YANTO; JUNIANTO JUNIANTO; RITA ROSTIKA; YULI ANDRIANI; UJANG HIDAYAT TANUWIRIA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100203

Abstract

Yanto H , Junianto , Rostika R, Andriani Y, Tanuwiria UH. 2018. Effect of different levels of fermented rice bran for the growth of jelawat, Leptobarbus hoevenii. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 81-86. The prime objective of this study is to find the optimum level of fermented rice bran in diets beneficial to improve the digestive enzyme activity, growth and feed efficiency for jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii Bleeker). Different levels of fermented rice bran in the diets, i.e., A1 (10%), A2 (20%), A3 (30%), A4 (40%), and A5 (10% non-fermented rice bran), as well as A6 (10% commercial diet) was designed as a treatments during the study. The experimental diets with the same protein (isonitrogenous) and energy (isocaloric) were fed to jelawat fingerlings with an average of 32.57±0.15 g per fish. The results showed that amylase activities were significantly increased with the increased level of fermented rice bran levels in the diets and it was significantly different among the treatments (P<0,05). Proteins and lipids contents of the body and their retention rate, daily growth rates, and feed efficiencies were also significantly different among the treatments (P<0.05). It was concluded from the present investigation that up to 30% of fermented rice bran in the diet was best for jelawat with an optimum level of 25.66-26.78% for the growth performance and feed efficiency of jelawat.
Short Communication: Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata) against malondialdehyde levels in liver tissues of paracetamol-induced Wistar rat ANDRIANI ANDRIANI; VIRHAN NOVRIANY; GUNTUR SUSENO; EFFIANA EFFIANA; IIT FITRIANINGRUM
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100204

Abstract

Andriani, Suseno G, Effiana, Novriany V, Fitrianingrum I. 2018. Short Communication: Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata) against malondialdehyde levels in liver tissues of paracetamol-induced Wistar rat. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 87-90. Andrographis paniculata contains andrographolide and flavonoids, which have a hepatoprotective effect. This study was aimed to examine hepatoprotective effect of Andrographis paniculata extract against liver tissues malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of paracetamol induced Wistar rat (Rattus novegicus). The study was designed with posttest-only control group conducted at Tanjungpura University, Indonesia in June 2015. A total of 30 rats at age of three weeks were divided into 6 groups. They were given toxic dose paracetamol, curcumin and A. paniculata extract in different dose. Liver tissues were tested by Wills’s method. The data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA and LSD Post-hoc test. MDA levels of liver tissues were i.e, normal control (0.34 nmol mL-1), positive control (0.34 nmol mL-1), dose 1 (0.45 nmol mL-1), dose 2 (0.55 nmol mL-1), dose 3 (0.63 nmol mL- 1 ), negative control (1.32 nmol mL-1). Result showed that MDA levels of liver tissues of negative control group were significantly different with other groups (ANOVA, p? 0.05). There were no significant differences between MDA levels of liver tissues of Dose 1 with normal control and positive control (ANOVA, p>0.05). The methanol extract of A. paniculata has a hepatoprotective effect in (MDA) levels of paracetamol-induced Rattus novegicus with an effective dose of 500 mg kg-1.
Short Communication: The effects of vermicompost and vermiwash from the medicinal plants, neem (Azadirachta indica) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia), on the growth parameters of lettuce in a hydroponic system SIRPAUL JAIKISHUN; AARIFA HOOSEIN; ABDULLAH ADIL ANSARI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100205

Abstract

Jaikishun S, Hoosein A, Ansari AA. 2018. The effects of vermicompost and vermiwash from the medicinal plants, neem (Azadirachta indica) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia), on the growth parameters of lettuce in a hydroponic system. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 91-95. The farming community is confronting critical issues on the usage of chemicals and rapidly decreasing arable lands from salinity, flooding and drought. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of vermiwash produced from medicinal plants, as a potential substitute for chemicals, and standard hydroponic solution in supporting the growth of lettuce in a hydroponic system, a soilless medium. Vermicompost and vermiwash were produced from Azadirachta indica, and Citrus aurantifolia using Eisenia fetida and physiochemical analyses done indicated the presence of adequate amount of nutrients for plant growth. Therefore, using vermiwash and vermicompost as a standard hydroponic solution is an efficient and effective method of growing more food for the world’s growing population in soilless medium, thereby reducing the dependency on land. Plants grown in the vermiwash and vermicompost in the hydroponic system had higher productivity than the one produced by commercial hydroponic solution.
Seeds characters, pollen fertility and flavonoids of ten Brassicaceae collected near a kilns thermal power plant for air pollution bioindication MITRA NOORI; ZAHRA BAGHAEIFAR; ABDOLKARIM CHEHREGANI; FARZANEH FARAKI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100206

Abstract

Noori M, Baghaeifar Z, Chehregani A, Faraki F. 2018. Seeds characters, pollen fertility and flavonoids of ten Brassicaceae collected near a kilns thermal power plant for air pollution bioindication. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 96-104. Shazand Steam Power Plant located on North-East of Shazand, Iran began to work from 2000. The power plant necessity fuel is natural gas and mostly heavy fuel oil. The most pollutant of power plant is sulfur compounds in addition to nitric and carbon mono oxide. Because environmental pollutants influence plant fertility and chemical compounds, therefore this study was done on ten wild Brassicaceae (Alyssum linifolium var. linifolium, Alyssum longistylum, Alyssum marginatum, Choriospora persica, Clypeola lappacea, Conringia perfoliata, Descurainia sophia, Goldbachia laevigata, Isatis kotschyana and Neslia apiculata) taxa collected from the thermal power plant area for bioindication of regional air pollution comparing to controls collected 40 km away from the power plant. Brassicaceae members are important for their ecological, pastoral, medicinal and edible points. Seed width and length max. and their ratio and abnormal seed percentage were calculated. Pollen abnormality and sterility percentages determined using Muntezing’s acetocarmine and light microscopy. Also, their pollen flavonoids were semi-quantitatively assessed using two-dimensional paper and thin layer chromatography. Results showed seeds health and their dimensions reduction in polluted samples in comparison with controls. In C. lappacea significant differences of seed and pollen abnormality and pollen sterility percentages, morin and kaempferol concentrations, between control and polluted samples were observed (P?0.05). Also, number and kind of pollen flavonoid changes especially increasing flavonoid contents were observed in polluted plants comparing to control. Studying seed and pollen characters can be used as air quality bioindicators.
Tracheospasmolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of indigenous Curcuma species as traditional antiasthmatic medicines SWANDARI PARAMITA; EMIL BACHTIAR MOERAD; SJARIF ISMAIL; EVA MARLIANA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100207

Abstract

Paramita S, Moerad EB, Ismail S, Marliana E. 2018. Tracheospasmolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of indigenous Curcuma species as traditional antiasthmatic medicines. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 105-110. Asthma is still a major health problem in the world. Antiasthma drugs raise the problem of side effects and medical expenses. Thus, it is necessary to develop medicinal plants based antiasthma drugs with fewer side effects and more affordable costs. The potential antiasthma medicinal plant came from the genus of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae family). Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is the most prominent species in this genus and has been extensively studied for the treatment of asthma. However, there are other Curcuma indigenous species that are also traditionally used for asthma, namely Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. and Curcuma mangga Val. Zijp. Both indigenous species have not been studied pharmacological activity as an antiasthma. This research was conducted to know the tracheospasmolytic activity of ethanol extract of C. aeruginosa and C. mangga on the separate organ of guinea pig trachea to determine the antiasthma effect. The research was also conducted to know anti-inflammatory activity with membrane stabilization test and inhibition of lipoxygenase. Results showed that C. aeruginosa and C. mangga had lower tracheospasmolytic activity when they were compared with aminophylline as a positive control. However, the EC50 value of C. aeruginosa (0.020 ± 0.004) and C. mangga (0.039 ± 0.005) were not significantly different with aminophylline (0.016 ± 0.005) as positive controls. The result of membrane stabilization test showed that the EC50 value of C. aeruginosa (47.76 ± 1.57) and C. mangga (67.50 ± 0.97) were high when they were compared with indomethacin (26.39 ± 2.91) as the positive control. Results of lipoxygenase inhibition test showed that the EC50 value of C. aeruginosa (-111.11 ± 2.30) and C. mangga (-101.98 ± 1.32) were high than that of indomethacin (-282.84 ± 7.41) as the positive control. These results show the potential use of C. aeruginosa and C. mangga as antiasthma via tracheospasmolytic activity in separate organs of guinea pig. They also had anti-inflammatory effect based on membrane stabilization and inhibition of lipoxygenase test.
Genetic diversity and virulence of Striga hermonthica from Kenya and Uganda on selected sorghum varieties KATAKA ATANDA JOEL; STEVEN RUNO; ALICE MUCHUGI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100208

Abstract

Joel KA, Runo S, Muchugi A. 2018. Genetic diversity and virulence study of Striga hermonthica from Kenya and Uganda on selected sorghum varieties. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 111-120. Parasitic weeds pose a severe problem in agricultural production, causing massive crop losses in many regions of the world and especially Africa. One example to be considered the most significant biological constraint to food production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is Striga hermonthica, the most widespread among the Striga species in the semi-arid tropical African zones. The wide geographical distribution set conditions for genetically structured populations. The genetic variations among the weed populations allow for the quick breakdown of resistance in crops hence making control of the weed difficult. Efficient and effective control of S. hermonthica demands knowledge on inherent genetic variability within local and regional races of the weed. However, the genetic diversity and virulence of S. hermonthica ecotypes in Kenya and Uganda on selected sorghum varieties remain unknown. This study aimed at evaluating the genetic diversity among seven S. hermonthica populations from locations in Kenya and Uganda using 5 primer sets of Expressed Sequence Tags-Simple Sequence Repeats (EST-SSR). The genetic diversity was moderate as shown by the Nei’s genetic distance values. AMOVA measured low genetic differentiation among the populations. This study also investigated twelve sorghum varieties for their response to S. hermonthica infection. The result demonstrated that the varieties resistance responses to S. hermonthica varied widely. The phenotype of resistant interaction was characterized by the inability of the weeds haustoria to penetrate the sorghums root endodermis due to severe necrosis and in rare cases the parasites radicle growing away from the host root. The resistant sorghum varieties were the Asareca W2, Asareca AG3, N13 and the Wild-type which had low mean number of S. hermonthica plantlets growing on their roots, while the most susceptible varieties were Sap 027, Epurpur which had the highest mean number of S. hermonthica plantlets growing on their roots. There was a highly significant difference in the means of the number of Striga growing on the roots of sorghum varieties, Striga dry biomass and S. hermonthica length between the susceptible and resistant ones. This knowledge holds unique potentiality since resistant sorghum germplasm tested will be sourced and targeted to the seven specific geographical areas where virulence of the particular S. hermonthica populations was characterized.

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