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Muhammad Ridho
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Pen of Global Politics
Published by PENA KREATIF PUBLISHER
ISSN : 31638309     EISSN : -     DOI : https://doi.org/10.67793/pgp.
Core Subject :
Pen of Global Politics is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal dedicated to advancing critical and interdisciplinary research on global politics, international relations, governance, diplomacy, security, political economy, and public life in local, national, regional, and global contexts.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Middle Powers and the Global South: Strategic Autonomy in Contemporary Global Politics Iqbal Reza Satria
Pen of Global Politics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Pen of Global Politics
Publisher : PENA KREATIF PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67793/pgp.v1i1.30

Abstract

Contemporary global politics is increasingly shaped by a more complex distribution of power in which middle powers and actors from the Global South play more visible roles in diplomacy, governance, and order negotiation. At the same time, intensifying geopolitical rivalry and institutional fragmentation have made strategic autonomy a central concern for states seeking flexibility without full alignment. Strategic autonomy is examined here as a key framework for understanding how middle powers and the Global South navigate hierarchy, dependence, and competing centers of power. The article uses a qualitative research design based on document analysis and is guided by an analytical framework that combines middle-power theory, Global South perspectives, and an order-based understanding of agency and constraint. Data are drawn from official foreign policy statements, diplomatic speeches, summit declarations, international organization records, policy reports, and scholarly works relevant to strategic autonomy and contemporary global order. The analysis focuses on diversified partnerships, structural dependency, institutional engagement, alignment flexibility, and the relationship between autonomy and fragmented international politics. Strategic autonomy emerges as a relational and flexible strategy through which states seek to preserve room for maneuver while operating within unequal global structures. Contemporary autonomy is best understood not as absolute independence, but as a negotiated practice of managing interdependence, hierarchy, and geopolitical pressure. The article contributes to the field by bringing middle-power analysis and Global South perspectives into a more coherent conceptual dialogue on agency, order negotiation, and strategic flexibility in world politics.
Multilateralism Under Pressure: International Organizations and Great Power Rivalry in a Fragmented World Mohamad Ichsana Nur
Pen of Global Politics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Pen of Global Politics
Publisher : PENA KREATIF PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67793/pgp.v1i1.31

Abstract

Multilateralism remains a central feature of international order, yet international organizations now operate in an environment increasingly shaped by strategic rivalry and political fragmentation. As competition among major powers intensifies, shared institutions face growing pressure over authority, legitimacy, procedural fairness, and institutional direction. The purpose of this article is to examine how great power rivalry reshapes the role and political meaning of international organizations in a fragmented world. The article employs a qualitative research design based on document analysis and is guided by an order-based analytical framework that links multilateralism, institutional contestation, and fragmented governance. Data are drawn from international organization reports, official resolutions, summit declarations, policy documents, diplomatic records, and scholarly sources relevant to global governance and great power competition. The analysis focuses on institutional authority, strategic engagement, procedural inclusion, rivalry within multilateral settings, and the consequences of fragmentation for global order. International organizations remain active and politically relevant, but their authority is increasingly conditional, contested, and shaped by selective engagement from major powers. Multilateralism persists as an important mode of governance, yet it operates under altered political conditions in which cooperation and rivalry coexist within the same institutional arenas. The article contributes to the field by integrating debates on international organizations with a broader understanding of fragmented order and strategic contestation in world politics.
Weaponized Interdependence Revisited: Trade, Sanctions, and Geoeconomic Power in World Politics Tri Adianto
Pen of Global Politics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Pen of Global Politics
Publisher : PENA KREATIF PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67793/pgp.v1i1.32

Abstract

Globalization has deepened economic interdependence across trade, finance, and regulatory networks, but this interconnectedness has also created new opportunities for coercion and strategic control. In recent years, sanctions, export restrictions, and network-based economic pressure have become increasingly central to the practice of power in world politics. This article examines how weaponized interdependence helps explain the relationship between trade, sanctions, and geoeconomic power in the contemporary international system. The study employs a qualitative research design grounded in document analysis and guided by the analytical framework of weaponized interdependence and geoeconomic power. Data are drawn from sanctions regulations, trade policy documents, official government statements, institutional reports, and scholarly works addressing network asymmetry, economic coercion, and strategic interdependence. The analysis focuses on key dimensions including network centrality, chokepoint control, dependency relations, institutional compliance, and the wider implications of coercive economic practices for global order. Trade and sanctions operate within the same structure of asymmetrical interdependence, enabling states with central network positions to convert openness into coercive leverage. Geoeconomic power is increasingly exercised through the governance of connectivity rather than through economic exchange alone. The article contributes to the field by integrating debates on sanctions, trade, and interdependence into a more coherent account of how networked economic relations shape hierarchy and coercion in world politics.
Geopolitics of Artificial Intelligence: Technology Controls and The Fragmentation of Global Order Rezky Ramadhan Antuli
Pen of Global Politics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Pen of Global Politics
Publisher : PENA KREATIF PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67793/pgp.v1i1.33

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a strategic arena where technological capability increasingly determines geopolitical influence, economic resilience, and institutional authority. While existing studies have extensively examined AI governance, technological competition, and digital sovereignty, they largely treat technology controls as security or regulatory instruments rather than as mechanisms that actively reshape the international order. This article addresses that gap by proposing a geopolitical order framework that explains how AI technology controls generate systemic fragmentation through the reconfiguration of technological dependencies, institutional authority, and strategic inclusion. Using a qualitative research design based on document analysis, the study examines policy documents, regulatory frameworks, official government publications, and scholarly literature concerning AI governance, export controls, supply-chain politics, investment restrictions, and global technology regulation. The analysis demonstrates that technology controls extend beyond defensive policy measures to function as instruments of geopolitical ordering that selectively regulate access to critical AI infrastructures, reinforce hierarchical technological relationships, and institutionalize differentiated patterns of global connectivity. The study argues that fragmentation should not be understood merely as technological decoupling or bloc competition, but as a layered political process characterized by selective inclusion, asymmetrical interdependence, and differentiated authority within the global AI ecosystem. By conceptualizing technology controls as mechanisms of order formation rather than solely instruments of strategic competition, this article advances a theoretical framework that bridges AI governance and geopolitical order studies while providing a more comprehensive explanation of how contemporary technological rivalry is restructuring the architecture of global order.
From Climate to Security: Energy Transition and the New Geopolitics of Strategic Supply Muhammad Ridho
Pen of Global Politics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Pen of Global Politics
Publisher : PENA KREATIF PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67793/pgp.v1i1.34

Abstract

The global energy transition is reshaping international politics by shifting strategic attention from fossil fuel dependence toward critical minerals, industrial processing, and clean technology supply chains. As decarbonization accelerates, questions of climate policy are increasingly intertwined with security concerns, economic resilience, and geopolitical competition over strategic supply. This article examines how the energy transition transforms strategic supply into a central issue of contemporary geopolitics and global order. The study employs a qualitative research design grounded in document analysis and is guided by a geopolitical framework that links supply, dependency, and infrastructural power. Data are drawn from policy documents, institutional reports, regulatory texts, and scholarly materials related to critical minerals, clean energy manufacturing, industrial policy, and energy security. The analysis focuses on key dimensions including supply concentration, processing capacity, technological dependence, securitization, and differentiated state positioning within the emerging low-carbon economy. Strategic supply operates not only as an economic requirement of decarbonization but also as a mechanism through which states reorganize power, hierarchy, and vulnerability in the international system. The article argues that the energy transition is producing a security-centered politics of supply that redefines the geopolitical meaning of energy in the post-carbon era. Its contribution lies in integrating energy transition debates with a broader geopolitical understanding of strategic supply, order formation, and uneven global restructuring.

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