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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 7 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "No. 12 (1999)" : 7 Documents clear
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PROCECIDOCHARES CONNEXA IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA : A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA THTROSEMITO, SOEKISMAN
BIOTROPIA No. 12 (1999)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (74.418 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1999.0.12.146

Abstract

Kirinyu (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H. Robinson) was reported for the first time in 1934 from Lubuk Pakam North Sumatera. It grows vegetatively during the wet season, flowers and sets a high number of fruits at the end of the wet season, and senesces during the dry season. It may be controlled manually by uprooting the weed or by slashing, and chemically by spraying with herbicides. However, this has not been successful. Recently a biological control agent, Procecidochares connexa was introduced at Parung Panjang, West Java, as a biological control agent of C. odorata. This paper reports the successful establishment of Procecidochares connexa. Two releases of P. connexa colonies were made in Parung Panjang at the end of 1995. The colony was able to survive through a harsh dry season of 1997. When C. odorata was swept by fire, the emerging shoots soon were attacked by P. connexa. The population of C. odorata went down to 37.2% with 31.8% of its emerging shoots attacked by P. connexa in a 2-year period. When twigs were attacked by  P. connexa,  the production of cypsellas was reduced by about 50% in one season. However, the survival of emerging flies was also affected by the death of twigs upon maturation of the cypsellas. Key words: Biological controUChromolaena odoratalProcecidochares connexa
SCREENING FOR NATURAL PRODUCTS OF SHOREA Spp. AND ANISOPTERA Spp. OF THE FAMILY DIPTEROCARPACEAE FROM PASIR MAYANG, JAMBI, SUMATERA AFFANDi, HILMAN; NURYADIN, ARIF; PRAYOGA, SUSILO B.
BIOTROPIA No. 12 (1999)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (190.195 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1999.0.12.144

Abstract

Screening of 12 species of  Shorea  and 2 species of  Anisoptera  from the forest of Pasir Mayang, Jambi with brine shrimp (Anemia salina) lethality bioassay showed that Shorea gibosa and Anisoptera marginata  have sufficient activity for further investigation. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extract of  S. gibosa  led to the isolation of stigmasterol and the shoreaphenol. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extract of A. marginata resulted in the isolation of lupenone and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid O-p-C glucopyranoside as the bioactive compound. Key words: Plant natural products/Sftorea gibosalAnisoptera marginatalActive extracts/Bioassay/Pasir Mayang.
VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM, THE CAUSAL ORGANISM OF VASCULAR WILT ON ROSELLE IN MALAYSIA Ooi, K.H; SALLEH, B.
BIOTROPIA No. 12 (1999)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (128.899 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1999.0.12.149

Abstract

Forty strains of Fusarium oxysporvm isolated from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa) showing vascular wilt symptoms in three states (Terengganu, Penang and Ipoh) in the northern Malaysian Peninsula were used to investigate the vegetative compatibility. Nitrate-nonutilizing (nil) mutants were recovered from all the strains tested and subsequently used to study vegetative compatibility groups (VCG) within the population by nit mutants pairings on minimal medium. Thirteen VCGs were found and none were vegetatively compatible with those of other formae speciales (f. spp.) such as asparagi and cubense, and non-pathogenic strains from paddy and oil palm. The results indicate that there is substantial genetic diversity in F. oxysporum that causes vascular wilt disease on roselle as reflected by multiple VCGs, but the distribution of strains into the VCGs is not even as there are 26 representatives in VCG-1001M, two in VCG-1003M and VCG-1013M and only one in the other VCGs. This study may provide new insight into the establishment of a new forma specialis off. oxysporum. Key words: Vegetative Compatibility Groups/M/ mutants/fitsarium oxysporwrn/Roselle/Vascular wilt/ Malaysia.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN ALGINATE BEADS IN PROMOTING THE GROWTH OF SEVERAL DIPTEROCARP SEEDLINGS SUPRIYANTO, SUPRIYANTO
BIOTROPIA No. 12 (1999)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (670.122 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1999.0.12.148

Abstract

The effectiveness of six species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Scleroderma columnare, S.dictyosporum, Laccaria toccata, Rhizopogon luteolus, Amanita umbronata and Descomyces sp.) in alginate beads in promoting the growth of four species of dipterocarp seedlings (Shorea pinanga, S.leprosula, S.ovalis and Hopea odorata) were studied. Different sodium alginate concentrations of 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g/L were tested to find out the best bead's elasticity and spore germination. Seedling height, Relative Field Mycorrhizal Dependency, percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, nutrient absorption, and the formation of Hartig's net and mantle structure of dipterocarp seedlings were observed 4 months after inoculation. The best elasticity of alginate beads was found in the concentration of sodium alginate of 15 g/L. The best growth increment was found in Hopea odorata inoculated with Amanita umbronata (126.60 %) followed by Shorea pinanga inoculated with Descomyces sp. (27.10%), Shorea ovalis inoculated with Amanita umbronata (26.90 %) and Shorea leprosula inoculated with Descomyces sp. (24.20 %) over the control. The highest Relative Field Mycorrhizal Dependency was found in Hopea odorata followed by Shorea ovalis, S. pinanga and S. leprosula. The highest mycorrhizal colonization was obtained in Shorea pinanga inoculated with Descomyces sp. (75%), while inoculation with Amanita umbronata on S.leprosula, S.ovalis and Hopea odorata increased mycorrhizal colonization i.e. 64.5 %, 52.5%, and 46.2 %, respectively. Hartig's net and mantle structures were well formed in Shorea leprosula as well as S.ovalis seedlings with all mycorrhizal fungi tested, while in S.pinanga seedlings these structures were only well formed with Descomyces sp. There is no clear difference in P levels in the leaves following inoculation as compared to the controls. Key words: Mycorrhizas/Alginate  beads/Scleroderma columnare/Scleroderma dictyosporumlLaccaria laccatalRhizopogon luteoluslAmanita umbronatalDescomyces  sp./Growth/Dipterocarpace-ae/Seedlings.
THE OCCURRENCE OF INSECTS AND MOULDS IN STORED COCOA BEANS AT SOUTH SULAWESI S. DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY
BIOTROPIA No. 12 (1999)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1999.0.12.147

Abstract

Surveys on postharvest handling and technology processing of cocoa beans at farmer, trader and exporter levels in South Sulawesi were conducted together with investigations on moisture content, pest infestation (insect and mould) and quality characteristics in terms of reducing sugar, free amino acid and free fatty acid content. Surveys were conducted during dry (July 1997) and wet seasons (February 1998) in three regencies (Pinrang, Polewali-Mamasa and Luwu) and Ujung Pandang, South Sulawesi province. Interviews were carried out during surveys in the dry season. Number of respondents from farmers, trailers and exporters was 38, 15 and 5, respectively. In each season, number of samples taken from farmers, traders and exporters was 9, 21 and 15, respectively. In general, farmers, traders and exporters did not carry out postharvest handling and technology processing properly. Moisture  content of cocoa beans collected from farmers, traders and exporters were higher than the tolerable limit recommended by SNI (7.5%). Moisture content of cocoa beans collected during the wet season was higher than in the dry season. Insects were found on cocoa beans collected from traders and exporters. Species composition and the presence of each insect species were varied among the two seasons, but the predominant species was Tribolium castaneum. At trader level the percentage of insect-damaged beans during the wet season was higher than that during the dry season, while at exporter level it was lower. During the two seasons the percentage of mouldy beans at farmer level was lower than the tolerable limit recommended by SNI (4%), while those from some samples at trader and exporter levels were higher than 4%, but based on the direct plating method, all of the samples at trader and exporter levels were mouldy. Species composition and the percentage of beans infected by each mould species at farmer, trader and exporter levels during the two seasons were varied. The percentage of mouldy beans increased at trader and exporter levels. The predominant moulds were Aspergillus flaws, Eurotium amstelodami, E. chevalieri and Penicillium citrinum. The predominant mould at farmer level during wet season was Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Reducing sugar and free amino acid content of cocoa beans collected during the dry season was higher than those collected during the wet season, either at farmer, trader or exporter levels. Free fatty acid content of cocoa beans tends to be higher during the wet season than the dry season at the three levels.Keywords: Stored products pests/Postharvest handling/Technology processing/Moisture content/In-sect/Mould/Reducing sugars/Free amino acids/Free fatty acids/Cocoa/South Sulawesi.
IN VITRO INOCULATION OF ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS TISSUE CULTURE SHOOTS WITH FUSARIUM PROLIFERA TUM NORULAINI, N.A.R. NIK; SALLEH, B.; ISKANDAR, R.A.R.; OMAR, A.K. MOHD
BIOTROPIA No. 12 (1999)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1999.0.12.143

Abstract

ABSTRACT Artificially inoculated asparagus tissue culture plantlets with a virulent fungus,  Fusarium proliferatum showed signs of infection as early as 4 days after inoculation. Macroscopic observations revealed presence of early symptoms such as necrotic lesions at the affected area and light microscopic examinations clearly revealed the post-penetration events that took place including the destruction of surrounding cells. However, little is known of the hyphal activity or advancement on the host's surface at the initial stage after inoculation. Scanning electron microscopic examination clearly revealed the hyphal advancement on the surface and the mode of entrance into the host tissues beneath. Four days after inoculation, the fungi proceeded to spread out from the inoculation point onto the host surface which eventually developed into a sparse network of both aerial and non-aerial hyphae. Non-aerial hyphae form a network of mycelium that adheres to the surface and it's movement appeared to be oriented towards the stomata. Hyphal penetration occurs more often through the stomata, natural openings or wounds. In some cases, the hyphae crossed over the stomatal opening without entering the host tissues. At places where the cuticle layer is absent or not well developed the hyphae successfully grew in between the epidermal cells into the tissues beneath. Key words: Tissue culture/Asparagus officinalis/shoots/Artificial inoculstion/Fusarium proliferatum.
THE EFFECTS OF a-CHLOROHYDRIN ON THE GESTATION OF THE WISTAR RAT (Rattus norvegicus) RAHMANIAH, RAHMANIAH
BIOTROPIA No. 12 (1999)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1999.0.12.145

Abstract

The investigation of the effects of a-chlorohydrin on the gestation of the wistar rat has been carried out to determine whether a-chlorohydrin could interfere with the gestation of the rat and gestation period for optimal sensitivity. Alpha-chlorohydrin was administered by gavage to three different groups of pregnant rats, namely on the first (pre-implantation period), sixth (early post-implantation period) or fourteenth (late post-implantation period) gestation day, at a single dose of 62.5; 75 and 90 mg/kg body weight. Rats were sacrificed on  the IS* gestation day. Number of implantations, gestation loss and post-implantation mortality were recorded. The results revealed that 75 and 90 mg/kg body weight of a-chlorohydrin significantly interfered with all the gestation periods used. For the pre-implantation group, a-chlorohydrin decreased significantly the implantation number, but increased the gestation loss as well as the post-implantation mortality compared to the control groups. For the early post-implantation and late post-implantation groups, a-chlorohydrin caused a significant increase in post-implantation mortality compared to the control groups. From these results it is concluded that a-chlorohydrin at 75 and 90 mg/kg body weight influences the gestation of the wistar rat administered during the pre-implantation period as the most sensitive gestation period. Key words  : a-chlorohydrin//tattu? norvegi'ctu/rat/pre-implantation/early post-implantation/late post-implantation/implantation/gestation loss/post-implantation mortality.

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