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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "No. 7 (1994)" : 5 Documents clear
CHROMOSOMAL CHARACTERS OF THE INDONESIAN SAND GOBY, OXYELEOTRISMARMORATA BLKR. 1874 (ELEOTRIDAE)*) MASAGCA, JIMMY T.
BIOTROPIA No. 7 (1994)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (104.876 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1994.0.7.112

Abstract

Karyomorphological investigation of sand goby or marble sleeper (Oxyeleotris marmorata Blkr.) from Cirata Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia was undertaken to determine the modal chromosome number and fundamental number, and to construct the karyotype from somatic metaphase cells of head kidney. A total of 30 fish samples from Cirata Reservoir was sacrificed for direct chromosome preparation by colchicine-citrate-aceto-methanol-Giemsa staining-air drying technique. Chromosome set analysis showed that the modal chromosome number of the test fish is 2n = 46, confirming previous studies. Fundamental number is 50. Two karyotypic formulas were found, i.e. 1) 2n = 46 (4SM + 42A); and 2) 2n = 46 (2M + 2SM + 42A). Key Words: Freshwater fishes, Chromosome analysis, Oxyeleotris marmorata, Indonesia
NOTES ON SOME GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF MIKANIA CORD AT A (BURM. F.) B.L. ROBINSON* MERCADO, B.T.
BIOTROPIA No. 7 (1994)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (517.18 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1994.0.7.110

Abstract

Mikania follows a sympodial dichotomy pattern of branching. Both stem (branches) and leaves give rise to new plants with relative ease. Internodes also root easily but do not give rise to new plants. Flower formation and seed germination are strongly influenced by light. Numerous seeds are produced but only few are filled; still fewer are the seeds that germinate. The period from early emergence to about the 3-leafed stage is most critical for survival of the new plant. Keywords: Mikania cordata, Growth, Weed physiology
THE POSSIBILITY OF CONTROLLING SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII ON SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) USING TRICHODERMA AND TEBUCONAZOLE*) DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY S.
BIOTROPIA No. 7 (1994)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1994.0.7.113

Abstract

The possibility of controlling S. rolfsii on soybean (Glycine max) var. Rinjani using T. aureoviride and Tebuconazole under field conditions was studied. The experiment was conducted at the experimental plot of SEAMEO BIOTROP. The pathogen was mixed with the soil (2 kg/plot) 4 days before the inoculation of the antagonist (2.25 kg/plot). The measurement of each plot was 2.5 x 6 m2 . N, P and K (120 kg/ha) were applied at the same day with the inoculation of the pathogen. Soybean seeds were planted 7 days after the inoculation of the antagonist. The distance between plants and between plots were 20 and 40 cm, respectively. The fungicide at concentration of 100 g/ha (in vitro concentration) and 210 g/ha (field or recommended concentration) were applied using 2 methods, i.e. 1) spraying on the planting hole at the same day as the planting of soybean seeds, and 2) spraying on the soil surrounding the plants 7 days after planting. Soils that were neither inoculated with the antagonist nor the fungicide were used as controls. Three replications (3 plots) were used for each treatment (including the control). The results showed that the inoculation of the antagonist, the concentrations of the fungicide, and time of application gave very significant differences in the percentages of the plants infected by the pathogen and significant differences in seed production; while the interaction between the inoculation of the antagonist and the concentrations of the fungicide, between the concentrations of the fungicide and the time of application, and between the inoculation of the antagonist, the concentrations of the fungicide and the time of application did not give significant differences either in the percentages of the plants infected by the pathogen or seed production. The percentage of plants infected by the pathogen was lower on soil inoculated with the antagonist (31.6%) than on soil not inoculated with the antagonist (52.9%). The percentage of plants infected by the pathogen was lower on soil treated with the fungicide either at in vitro concentration (37.5%) or at field concentration (37.4%) than on the soil not treated
BIOECOLOGY OF DIORYCTRIA ABIETELLA DENIS AND SCHIFF. A PEST OF CONIFERS IN THE NORTH-WESTERN HIMALAYA VERMA, T.D
BIOTROPIA No. 7 (1994)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1994.0.7.115

Abstract

Cones and seeds of conifers, such as Pinus roxburghii, P. wallichiana, P. gerardiana, Cedrus deodara, Abies pindrow and Picea smithiana are seriously damaged by Dioryctria abietella Denis and Schiff. (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in the North-Western Himalayan region of India. Bioecological studies carried out during 1991 - '92 revealed that the females laid whitish, elliptical eggs singly on the depressed surface of the young cones. The average egg size was 1.00 ± 0.11 x 0.60 ±0.08 mm and this stage lasted for 3 - 5 days. The larval stage passed through five instars. All the instars differed in appearance, size and duration and larvae became full-fed in an average of 24.8 ± 1.9 days. The full-fed larva spun a cocoon around itself, sealed it with white papery membrane and pupated inside the cone or any other outside protected place. The prepupal and pupal periods lasted for 7-8 and 10-14 days, respectively. The pupa was dark brown, 13.8 ± 0.07 mm in length. Total period from egg to adult varied from 46 to 59 days (52.7 ±4.8 days). Adults were dirty brown in appearance and were 13.59±0.115 mm long with an average wing expanse of 29.0 ± 1.00 mm. They lived for 4 to 5 days. Under laboratory conditions, the pest completed two generations per year and full-fed larvae of 3rd generation overwintered during September - October. Two larval parasites belonging to order Hymenoptera and Diptera, and a fungal pathogen (Fusarium sp.) were found associated with this pest. The detailed biology, nature and extent of damage, along with its distribution have been discussed and methods of control suggested. Key Words: Insect biology, Insect ecology, Dioryctria abietella, Coniferae, North-Western Himalaya, Forest pests
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DAMPING-OFF FUNGI OF AGOHO (CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA L.) USING ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA E.P. MILITANTE, M.U. GARC, A.K. RAYMUNDO,
BIOTROPIA No. 7 (1994)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1994.0.7.111

Abstract

A series of laboratory and nursery experiments were conducted specifically to determine the efficacy of 85 strains of Bacillus species and 15 actinomycetes against six fungal pathogens isolated from damped-off agoho. These damping-off fungi were: Fusarium oxysporum Schet., Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn., Phytophthora parasitica Dastur, Pythium debaryanum Hesse, and two unidentified pathogens temporarily designated as Unk 1 and Unk 2. Preliminary test using the agar-plug technique revealed that 18 of the bacterial isolates could suppress two or more of the six damping-off fungi. Fusarium oxysporum was inhibited by 17 bacterial isolates, R. solani by 8 isolates, P. parasitica by 14 isolates and P. debaryanum by 15 isolates. The unidentified damping-off fungi Unk 1 and Unk 2 were inhibited by 13 and 9 isolates, respectively. Further screening using the agar-diffusion method disclosed that 10 isolates were effective antagonists with Bacillus subtilis (Code No. R060), Bacillus sp. (Code No. R071), and Streptomyces sp. (Code No. R086) as the consistent and most effective inhibitors. Application of the three most promising antagonistic bacteria as seed treatment s howed that they effectively inhibited the growth of the damping-off fungi in the laboratory as exhibited by an increase in percent germination. Bacillus subtilis however, was not able to antagonize the effect of P. debaryanum in this particular experiment. Seed germination and seedling survival were likewise improved with the application of the three most promising antagonistic bacteria as seed treatment. This was shown after three months under nursery conditions. There were possible mechanisms of control by the antagonistic bacteria against the damping-off fungi. The mycelium and spores of the pathogenic fungus may have been attacked and parasitized by the antagonist when they were simultaneously grown in culture media. There must have been a competitive interaction between the two microorganisms. Any essential requirement of microorganisms can serve as potentially possible basis for competition. Another was antibiosis which is an inhibitory effect exerted by an organism upon another organism through the production of antibiotic compounds. Moreover, several strains of bacteria are effective in lysing cell walls of pathogenic fungi under laboratory conditions. Lysis is often attributed to production of cell wall degrading enzymes like chitinase and gluconase that may hydrolyze major constituents of fungal cell walls.

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