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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 14 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 36, No 2 (2004)" : 14 Documents clear
Drugs availability at districs level and the quality of prescribing in primary health care Iwan Dwiprahasto Iwan Dwiprahasto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 36, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: An excessive use of drugs in primary health care is commonly unavoidable. This in part due to the limited knowledge of prescribers who are mostly paramedics and whose pharmacotherapeutic knowldges are limited. More than 90% patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhea received antibiotics and similar percentage of patients with muscle ache received injection unecessarily. Objective: To improve the availability of drugs at district level and to improve the quality of prescribing at primary health centers (PHCs).Design: Quasi experimental with pre and post test analysis and using a control group for comparison. An interactive, problem-based training intervention was carried out within 2 days period involving all PHCs and district's warehouses in three provinces, i.e West Kalimantan, West Sumater, and West Nusa Tenggara. Monitoring, supervision and feedback were carried out regularly upon completion of the inter- vention. This study involves 18 districts and 118 PHCs.Results: 11 .995 prescriptions were collected at baseline, 6 months and 1 year after intervention. An average number of drugs per prescription decreased significantly 1 year after intervention (p<0.05), while no improvement was found in the control group. The use of antibiotics for ARI decreased consis- tently and significantly 6 months and 1 year after intervention (p<0.05). The use of injection for muscle ache also significantly decreased 1 year after intervention (p<0.05). Drug availability at district level could be maintained at an ideal level (1 2-18 months) and no stock out was detected 1 year after the intervention.Conclusions: Interactive, problem-based training on rational use of drugs and training on managing drug supply could improve the quality of prescribing and drug availability at district level.Key words: drug availability - stock out - problem-based training - acute respiratory infection - diarrhea 
Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding 28 kDa soluble protein (GRA2) tachyzoite of Toxoplasma gondii local isolate Jarot Subandono Jarot Subandono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 36, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis and found in tropical countries. Toxoplasmosis is dangerous if suffered by pregnant woman or immunodeficiency patients. T. gondii has 28 kDa soluble protein from dense granule (GRA2) and among GRA proteins, GRA2 is probably the most immunogenic. Disruption of the GRA2 locus in T. gondii has resulted in decreasing of the parasite virulence in mice. Invasion of tachyzoite T. gondii into macrophages was also significantly inhibited by anti GRA2 antibody, therefore the availability of GRA2 protein is essential for development of protective vaccine.Objective: The aim of this research was to produce 28 kDa soluble protein (GRA2) by cloning and expression of cDNA encoding soluble protein tachyzoite of T. gondii local isolate.Methods: Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) and messenger RNA was isolated from tachyzoite of local T. gondii grown up in Balb/c mice. Messenger RNA was isolated from total RNA using polyATtract mRNA Isolation Systems and synthesis of cDNA using Universal RiboClone cDNA Synthesis Systems. Recombinants of pUC18 were transformed into E. co/i XL1-Blue by heat shock technique. Expression of recombinant protein was analysed by immunoblotting using polyclonal antibodies against soluble protein of T. gondii. Results: Two recombinant clones were isolated which expressed 28 kDa recombinant protein.Conclusion: Two recombinant clones were isolated. The immunoblotting result indicates that the recombinant expressed 28 kDa recombinant protein which hybridized with the antibody polyclonal against soluble protein of T. gondii and the proteins are possibly GRA2 proteins.Key words : Toxoplasma gondii - tachyzoite - cDNA - 28 kDa soluble protein.
Study of medical report on justice examination result at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Beta Ahlam Gizela Beta Ahlam Gizela
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 36, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Every human violation or crime case, in which there is human as a victim needs medical proofing, namely the Medical Report for justice or Visum et Repertum in Indonesia. We also have an obligation in keeping medical confidentiality in medical practice. It is therefore, necessary to study relevance regulation of examination and disclosing medical confidentiality for justice.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyse management of Visum et Repertum of life person at Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta.Methods: Visum et Repertum of life person at Medical Record Department of Sardjito Hospital was reviewed. The MEG protocol for examination and reporting from International Amnesty used as a standard. Results: The study shows that management of Visum et Repertum of life person at Sardjito Hospital was administratively inappropiate. There were some discrepancies between regulation and practice. There is no agreement between each doctors in managing cases. Generally, Visum et Repertum was accepted in content, but for the future an improvement is needed as International Amnesty.Conclusions: Management of life person cases for Visum et Repertum at Sardjito Hospital do not international standard.Key words: visum et repertum - living person - medical confidentiality - informed consent
Anticancer selectivity of Momordica charantia L. Seeds Extract and Column Fraction on Raji , HeLa and T47D Cell Lines Hersri Rochmad Parhardian Hersri Rochmad Parhardian
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 36, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Momordica charantia L. has been used traditionally as medicinal plant in Indonesia. The seed extracts have active substances in the form of ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs. Almost all RIPs can eliminate virus infection and kill cancer cells. Some cancer cells like Raji cell line and HeLa cell line are derived from Burkitt's lymphoma and cervical carcinoma, respectively. Both cancers shows a striking association with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV).T47D cell line is derived from breast cancer and is not related to certain type of virus.Objective: This study was focused on the effect of RIP from M.charantia L. on Raji, HeLa and T47D cell lines.Methods: Crude extract from M.charantia L. seeds was dissolved in 0.15 M NaCI, and then precipitated with 30-60% saturated ammonium sulphate. Precipitant was then purified with column of CM-Sepharose CL-6B with 0.5 M NaCI gradient. Cell lines grown in growth media with crude extract and active fraction of column. Lethal Doses 50% (LD50) was calculated directly for Raji cell line and used MTT for HeLa and T47D cell lines.Results: The study shows that 0.25M NaCI column fraction containing 32kDa protein had an activity on DNA supercoiled cleavage. The difference of LD50 between crude extract with 32kDa protein was not significant (p>0.05) for Raji cell line and HeLa cell line, but there was significant difference for T47D cell line. T47D cell line shows DNA fragmentation as sign of apoptosis.Conclusion: Raji cells shows more sensitive than T47D cell lines did, whereas HeLa cell line was resistant to the crude extract and 32kDa protein. In this work, the death of T47D cell line was estimated through apoptosis.Key words: column fraction - Momordica charantia L. - Raji - T47D cell lines - apoptosis.

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