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THE STRUCTURE OF SOIL MESOFAUNA AND MACROFAUNA IN GRODA CAVE, GUNUNGKIDUL Andri Prasetyo; Ulfa Yulia Rohmah; Rini Winarti; Esa Chorik Darwati; Safina Audiati Afiar
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Melimpahnya mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah di Gua Groda dapat menjadi indikator kemelimpahan kelelawar karena kotoran kelelawar merupakan makanan mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah Gua Groda serta korelasinya dengan kadar N, P, K. Metode yang digunakan yakni observasi, pengambilan mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah menggunakan teknik pit fall trap serta teknik toolgreen. Uji N, P, K tanah dilakukan di Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Yogyakarta. Teknik analisis dengan menghitung indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wienner, indeks kekayaan Margaleff, frekuensi kehadiran mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah serta korelasinya dengan N, P, K tanah di Gua Groda. Hasil penelitian yakni teridentifikasinya 6 famili mesofauna dan 20 famili makrofauna tanah dengan indeks keanekaragaman sedang, indeks kekayaan Margaleff tertinggi pada zona remang, frekuensi kehadiran tertinggi pada zona terang yakni Formicidae (0,12), zona remang yakni Isotomidae dan Diptera (a) coklat (0,04) serta zona gelap yakni Gryllacididae (0,05). Korelasinya memperlihatkan semakin banyak kadar N,P,K tanah, maka semakin sedikit mesofauna dan makrofauna tanah yang ditemukan. Keunikan dalam penelitian ini yakni ditemukannya 1 spesies dari Isotomidae di Gua Groda, yang selama ini dianggap sebarannya kebanyakan di Sulawesi, Sumatera, Bali, Lombok, Ternate dan Papua.Kata kunci: struktur komunitas, mesofauna, makrofauna, Gua Groda Abstract The number of soil macrofauna and mesofauna in Groda Cave can be used as an indicator of bats abundance since bat droppings are food for macrofauna and mesofauna soils. The purpose of this study are to determine the community structure of Groda Cave soil macrofauna and mesofauna and its correlation with the content of N, P, K. The method used is the observation, taking of macrofauna and mesofauna soils using pit fall traps and tool green technique. Testing the N, P, K of the soil was conducted in Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Yogyakarta. The analysis technique used Shannon diversity index-Wienner, Margaleff wealth index, frequency of attendance of macrofauna and mesofauna soils and its correlation with N, P, K of the land in Groda Cave. The results obtained are that six families mesofauna and 20 families macrofauna soils with moderate diversity index, the highest wealth index was in the Margaleff lit zone, the frequency of the highest attendance in the light zone is Formicidae (0.12), ie dim zones Isotomidae and Diptera (a) brown (0.04) and the dark zone is Gryllacididae (0.05). The correlation showed the more the content of N, P, K, the fewer mesofauna and macrofauna soils were found. The uniqueness found in this study is the discovery of one species of Isotomidae in Groda Cave, which has been considered spreading only in Sulawesi, Sumatera, Bali, Lombok, Ternate and Papua. Keywords: community structure, mesofauna soil, macrofauna soil, Groda Cave

PERBANDINGAN STRUKTUR INSANG DAN KULIT IKAN TIPE REMAINER (Bathygobius fuscus) DAN SKIPPER (Blenniella cyanostigma) ZONA INTERTIDAL PANTAI GUNUNG KIDUL Sukiya Sukiya; Rizka Apriani Putri
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari struktur organ pernapasan dari ikan tipe remainer (Bathygobius fuscus) dan tipe skipper (Blenniella cyanostigma), dan untuk mengetahui apakah kulit tubuh dari dua tipe ikan tersebut juga berperan sebagai tempat terjadinya pertukaran gas pernafasan. Dua spesies ikan tersebut diambil insang dan kulitnya untuk dibuat preparat mikroanatomik dengan metode paraffin, dan pewarnaan H-E (Hematoksilin-Eosin). Analisis deskriptif terhadap struktur lamellae sekunder (epithelium lamellae sekunder, dan ada tidaknya struktur pendukung), serta diukur panjangnya. Fokus pengamatan pada kulit adalah deskripsi struktur epidermis, tebal epidermis, adanya vaskularisasi, dan jumlah pembuluh darah. Data kuantitatif (panjang lamellae sekunder, tebal epidermis, dan jumlah vaskularisasi) dianalisis dengan menggunakan Student’s T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan berarti antara struktur mikroanatomik insang ikan tipe remainer dan skipper, panjang lamellae sekunder relatif sama, juga tidak ditemukan adanya struktur sekunder pada insang yang diduga berperan untuk menyimpan udara cadangan ataupun membantu proses pernapasan. Struktur kulit menunjukkan perbedaan terutama pada bagian kepala dan bagian posterior tubuh. Epidermis di bagian kepala dan bagian posterior (peduncula) pada ikan tipe remainer lebih tebal dibandingkan ikan tipe skipper. Kulit ikan tipe skipper tervaskularisasi dengan baik, banyak ditemukan kapiler darah pada jaringan ikat dermis yang berbatasan langsung dengan epidermis. Jumlah kapiler darah pada ikan tipe remainer lebih sedikit dan tidak berdekatan dengan epidermis sehingga tidak dapat digunakan untuk difusi gas melalui permukaan kulit. Pengamatan struktur kulit mengindikasikan bahwa ikan tipe skipper dapat menggunakan kulit sebagai tempat pertukaran gas pernapasan. Kata kunci: struktur insang, kulit, ika tipe remainer dan skipper, zona intertidal Abstract This research aimed to study the microanatomical structure of respiratory organ of two group of fish that live in tidepools. One group is remainers which stay inside the pools during lowtide, while the other is skippers, group of fish that have an ability to move outside water when it’s needed. This research also aimed to investigate whether skin of these species can be used as respiratory surface to overcome hypoxic condition. Two species of fish (Bathygobius fuscus of remainers group and Blenniella cyanostigma of skippers, respectively), were caught and sacrificed, then gills and skin of them were harvested. The organs then undergone further processing for microanatomical preparation with paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Microanatomical structure of gills and skin then analysed descriptively. Gills were observed to study whether additional structure is presence and modification (in structure of epithelial cells and/or the length of secondary lamelae) is occured as part of morphological change to absorb more oxygen during low tide. In Skin, the thickness of epidermal layers were measured and the number of blood capilaries were counted to investigate whether skin can be used as additional respiratory surface. Quantitative data of skin and gills were statistically analysed using Student’s T-test. Results showed that there were no differences in gills structure between remainers and skippers. Additional structure in gills were absent in both species. However, quantitative measurements in skins showed that skippers have less layers of epidermal cells and high number of blood capilaries compared to remainers skin. This results indicated that skippers were able to use their skin as additional respiratory surface outside gills. Keywords: gills, intertidal zone, microanatomical structure, skin, remainers, skippers

BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK NYAMPLUNG TEROZONISASI MELALUI ESTERIFIKASI DAN TRANSESTERIFIKASI DENGAN BANTUAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK Haryono Haryono; Solihudin Solihudin; Rukiah Rukiah; Susi Suryani
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Bahan bakar dari minyak bumi merupakan sumber energi paling dominan digunakan dan bersifat tak terbarukan. Hal ini menyebabkan semakin berkurangnya cadangan bahan bakar fosil. Hal tersebut mendorong dikembangkannya bahan bakar alternatif terbarukan seperti biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesis biodiesel dari minyak nyamplung melalui proses esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi dengan bantuan ozonisasi dan gelombang ultrasonik. Ozonisasi dilakukan selama 30 menit, sedangkan reaksi transesterifikasi dibantu dengan gelombang ultrasonik pada variasi frekuensi 28 dan 35 kHz masing-masing selama 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan gelombang ultrasonik dengan frekuensi 35 kHz pada reaksi transesterifikasi terhadap minyak nyamplung terozonisasi dari reaksi esterifikasi dihasilkan biodiesel yang relatif sesuai dengan standar biodiesel Indonesia. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan pada kondisi tersebut memiliki bilangan asam 0,70 mgKOH/g biodiesel, bilangan iodium 50,34 g I2/100 g, titik nyala 122,4°C, bilangan cetana 102,5, densitas 0,9088 g/cm3, dan viskositas 9,5 cSt. Yield biodiesel yang diperoleh pada kondisi terbaik adalah sebesar 77,0%. Kata Kunci: biodiesel, minyak nyamplung, ozonisasi, transesterifikasi, ultrasonik. Abstract Fuel from petroleum is the most dominant source of energy used and is non-renewable. This causes the reduction in fossil fuel reserves. It encourages the development of alternative renewable fuels such as biodiesel. The purpose of this study was to synthesize biodiesel from Calophyllum inophyllum oil through esterification and transesterification process with the help of ozonation and ultrasonic waves. Ozonation is performed for 30 minutes, while the transesterification reaction is aided by ultrasonic wave frequency variation 28 and 35 kHz respectively for 30 minutes. The results showed that the use of ultrasonic waves with frequency of 35 kHz in the transesterification reaction to the ozonized Calophyllum inophyllum oil from esterification reaction produced biodiesel relatively accordance with the standards of biodiesel Indonesia. Biodiesel produced in these conditions have the acid value of 0.70 mgKOH/g biodiesel, iodine number 50.34 g I2/100 g, the flash point of 122.4°C, cetana numbers of 102.5, density of 0.9088 g/cm3, and a viscosity of 9.5 cSt. Biodiesel yield that obtained from the best synthesis condition is 77.0%. Keywords: biodiesel, Calophyllum inophyllum oil, ozonation, transesterification, ultrasonic.

POTENSI BUAH SALAK (Salacca edulis, R.) SEBAGAI SUPLEMEN HIPOLIPIDEMIK DITINJAU DARI GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI JANTUNG DAN HEPAR MENCIT YANG DIBERI DIET RENDAH LEMAK Tri Hardjana; Kartika Ratna Pertiwi; Tutik Rahayu
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui struktur histopatologi jantung mencit yang diberi sari buah salak (Salacca edulis, R) dan diet lemak hewani dan untuk mengetahui struktur histopatologi hati mencit yang diberi sari buah salak (Salacca edulis, R) dan diet lemak hewani. Penelitian ini mengguanakan metode penelitian eksperimen dengan tujuan untuk mengukur respon yang muncul dari suatu obyek sebagai akibat adanya perubahan suatu faktor yang mengenainya. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di Animal House Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta dan pengamatan preparat dilakukan di laboratorium Zoologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, selama kurun waktu bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2015. Variabel penelitian bebas berupa sari buah salak, sedangkan variabel tergayut yaitu gambaran histopatologi hati meliputi kerusakan batas sel dan infiltrasi sel lemak dan diameter vena sentralis sedangkan jantung meliputi kerusakan endotel dan infiltrasi sel lemak. Data dianalis secara deskriptif untuk menyajikan sebaran frekuensi. Keterkaitan antar variabel tersebut disajikan dalam format tabel silang dan dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan (1) Struktur histopatologi pembuluh darah jantung mencit yang diberi sari buah (Salacca edulis, R) dan diet lemak hewani mengalami kerusakan endotel dan infiltrasi lemak lebih kecil dibandingkan struktur histopatologi pembuluh darah jantung pada mencit yang diberi tambahan diet lemak; (2) Struktur histopatologi sel hepar mencit yang diberi sari buah salak (Salacca edulis, R) dan diet lemak hewani mengalami kerusakan endotel dan infiltrasi lemak lebih banyak dibandingkan struktur histopatologi sel hepar pada mencit yang diberi tambahan diet lemak.Kata kunci: buah salak, lemak, histopatologi, hepar, jantung Abstract This study aims to study the structure of the heart histopathologic and the liver of white rat given the Salacca edulis, R extract and animal fat diet. This research used experimental research with the aim to measure the response of an object that appears as a result of the change in a factor that is about it. Place of research did in animal house of Yogyakarta State University and observation of preparations did in the laboratory of biological, faculty of mathematics and natural science, at Yogyakarta State University during the months of June to October 2015. Independent study variables such as salacca edulis, R extract, while the dependent variable is the description of liver histopathology includes damaged cells and fat cell infiltration, while the heart includes endothelial damage and infiltration of fat cells. Data were analyzed descriptively to present the frequency distribution, Linkages between these variables are presented in table format and analyzed with cross descriptive statistics. The results are (1) the structure of the heart histopathologic white rat given salacca edulis, R extract and animal fat diet have endotel defect and fat infiltration less than structure of the heart histopahologic white rat given animal fat diet. (2) the structure of the liver histopathologic white rat given salacca edulis, R extract and animal fat diet have endotel defect and fat infiltration more than structure of the heart histopahologic white rat given animal fat diet.Keywords: Salacca edulis, R, fat, histopathology, liver, heart

KAJIAN ADSORPSI ION LOGAM Cr(VI) OLEH ADSORBEN KOMBINASI ARANG AKTIF SEKAM PADI DAN ZEOLIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE SOLID-PHASE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (SPS) Saputro, Sulistyo; Masykuri, Mohammad; Mahardiani, Lina; Mulyani, Bhakti; Wahyuni, Nita Tri
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan kombinasi arang aktif sekam padi dan zeolit sebagai adsorben dalam mengadsorpsi ion logam Cr(VI) dan mempelajari pengaruh komposisi adsorben kombinasi arang aktif sekam padi dan zeolit dalam mengadsorpsi ion logam Cr(VI), serta sensitivitas metode solid-phase spectrophotometry (SPS) untuk menentukan penurunan kadar ion logam Cr(VI) dalam skala μg/L. Arang aktif sekam padi yang digunakan diperoleh melalui proses aktivasi dengan perendaman dalam larutan ZnCl2 10% sedangkan zeolit menggunakan larutan H2SO4 10%. Pengontakan adsorben dengan ion logam Cr(VI) dilakukan dengan variasi komposisi adsorben arang aktif sekam padi dan zeolit 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, dan 2:1. Analisis kadar Cr(VI) dilakukan menggunakan metode solid-phase spectrophotometry (SPS). Karakterisasi arang aktif sekam padi dan zeolit dilakukan menggunakan FTIR. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kombinasi arang aktif sekam padi dan zeolit dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben dalam mengadsorpsi ion logam Cr(VI) dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 0,28 µg/g; (2) komposisi optimum adsorben adalah 1:2 dengan persentase penyerapan sebesar 40,99%; (3) solid-phase spectrophotometry (SPS) merupakan metode yang sensitif untuk analisis penurunan kadar ion Cr(VI) dalam tingkat µg/L dengan Limit of Detection (LOD) sebesar 0,021 µg/L. Kata kunci : adsorpsi, Cr(VI), arang aktif sekam padi, zeolit, solid-phase spectrophotometry Abstract This study aims to study the use of activated rice husk charcoal and zeolite as combination adsorbents to adsorb Cr(VI) metal ions; the effect of the combination adsorbents of activated rice husk charcoal and zeolite’s compositions to adsorb Cr(VI) metal ions; and the sensitivity of solid-phase spectrophotometry (SPS) as a method to determine the reduced levels of Cr(VI) metal ions in the level of 15Î¼" g/L. The activated rice husk charcoal used were obtained through the activation process by soaking in a solution of ZnCl2 10% while the zeolite with a solution of H2SO4 10%. The contacting process of the adsorbents with Cr(VI) metal ions was done by varying the compositions of the activated rice husk charcoal and zeolite adsorbent, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:1. The data analysis of the Cr(VI) level used solid-phase spectrophotometry (SPS) method. Characterization of activated rice husk charcoal and zeolite used FTIR. The results showed that: (1) a combination of activated rice husk charcoal and zeolite can be used as adsorbent to adsorb Cr(VI) metal ions with the adsorption capacity was 0,28 15Î¼" g/g; (2) the optimum composition of adsorbents was 1:2 with the percentage of absorption was 40,99%; (3) solid-phase spectrophotometry (SPS) is a sensitive method to determine the reduced levels of Cr(VI) in the level of 15Î¼" g/L with the limit of detection (LOD) was 0,021 15Î¼" g/L. Keywords: adsorption, Cr(VI), activated rice husk charcoal, zeolite, solid-phase spectrophotometry

PENGARUH PENYISIPAN LOGAM FE DENGAN BERBAGAI VARIASI MASSA PADA LAPISAN AKTIF TITANIA TERHADAP STRUKTUR MORFOLOGI, SPEKTRUM ABSORBANSI, RESISTANSI DAN PERFORMANSI SEL SURYA YANG DIHASILKAN Rita Prasetyowati; Laila Katriani; Windya Setya Ningtias
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyisipan logam Fe dengan berbagai variasi massa terhadap struktur morfologi lapisan titania, spektrum absorbansi lapisan titania, resistansi lapisan titania, dan performansi (tegangan) sel surya. Preparasi lapisan titania-besi (TiO2) menjadi bentuk pasta dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel. Pasta titania-besi dideposisikan pada elektroda transparan (Indium Tin Oxide) dengan metode doctor blade. Dilakukan lima variasi massa Fe yang disisipkan pada 1 g lapisan titania aktif, yaitu 0,050; 0,075; 0,100; 0,125; dan 0,150 g. Hasil analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa penyisipan logam Fe tidak mempengaruhi struktur morfologi lapisan titania, meskipun hasil EDS menunjukkan adanya logam Fe pada lapisan titania tersebut. Lapisan TiO2 dan lapisan TiO2-Fe dapat menyerap cahaya dengan baik pada panjang gelombang 200–390 nm dan pada panjang gelombang 650–800 nm. Lapisan TiO2-Fe memiliki nilai absorbansi yang lebih besar daripada lapisan TiO2. Nilai resistansi untuk lapisan TiO2 yaitu 3.190 Ω. Sedangkan nilai resistansi untuk lapisan titania sampel 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5 secara berturut-turut adalah 3188,49; 3188,40; 3188,39; 3187,98 dan 3184.87Ω. Besarnya tegangan sel surya yang menggunakan lapisan titania sampel 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5 secara berturut-turut adalah 0,370; 0,398; 0,334; 0,488; dan 0,545 Volt.Kata kunci: titania, besi, struktur morfologi, absorbansi, resistansi, tegangan, sel surya Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of Fe metal insertion with a variety of mass to the morphological structure, absorbance spectrum, the resistance, and solar cells performance. Preparation of TiO2-Fe to form a paste made using sol-gel method. Pasta TiO2-Fe deposited on a transparent electrode (Indium Tin Oxide) with a doctor blade method. There were five variations of mass Fe is pasted on a layer of 1 g titania, namely 0.050; 0.075; 0.100; 0.125; and 0.150 g. SEM analysis showed that the insertion Fe on titania layer does not affect the structure morphology of the titania, even the EDS results showed that the composition of TiO2-Fe contains Ti element. A layer of TiO2 and Fe-TiO2 coating can absorb light very well at a wavelength of 200-390 nm and at a wavelength of 650-800 nm. TiO2-Fe layers have absorbance values greater than the TiO2 layer. The resistance value for TiO2 layer is 3,190 Ω. While the resistance value for titania coating samples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively are 3,188.49; 3,188.40; 3,188.39; 3,187.98 and 3,184.87Ω. The magnitude of the voltage solar cells that use titania coating samples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are 0.370, 0.398, 0.334, 0.488 and 0.545 volt, respectively. Keywords: titania, iron, structure morphology, absorbance, resistance, voltage, solar cells

PENGARUH GUGUS p-METOKSI PADA REAKSI KONDENSASI CLAYSEN-SCHMIDT MENGGUNAKAN METODA GRINDING Karim Theresih; Cornelia Budimarwanti
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis senyawa dibenzalaseton, 4-metoksikalkon dan dianizalaseton melalui reaksi kondensasi Claysen Schmidt menggunakan metode grinding dan mengetahui pengaruh gugus p-metoksi pada reaksi tersebut. Sintesis dibenzalaseton menggunakan benzaldehida, aseton, dan NaOH. Senyawa 4-metoksikhalkon disintesis dari campuran 4-metoksibenzaldehida, asetofenon, dan NaOH. Sedangkan sintesis senyawa dianisalseton melalui reaksi Claysen-schmidt antara aseton, anisaldehid, dan katalis basa NaOH dengan perbandingan mol yang digunakan secara berturut-turut 2:1:2. Sintesis dilakukan dengan metode grinding bebas pelarut. Bahan dasar dan katalis digerus secara bersamaan dalam mortir selama 15 menit hingga membentuk pasta yang dikeringkan dan direkristalisasi. Ketiga senyawa hasil yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi menggunakan KLT, FTIR, dan GC-MS. Berdasarkan hasil analisis FTIR dan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa dibenzalaseton, 4-metoksikhalkon dan dianizalaseton dapat disintesis dan memiliki rendemen berturut-turut 59,93 %, 86,21 % dan 70,39 %. Ada pengaruh gugus p-metoksi pada reaksi kondensasi Claysen-Schmidt pada sintesis senyawa dibenzalaseton, 4-metoksikalkon dan dianizalaseton menggunakan metoda Grinding.Kata kunci : dibenzalaseton, 4-metoksikhalkon , dianizalaseton , metode grinding Abstract This research aims to synthesize the compound dibenzalaceton, 4-methoksikalkon and dianisalaceton through Claysen Schmidt condensation reaction with grinding method and to determine the effect of p-methoxy groups on the reaction. Dibenzalaceton compound was synthesized from benzaldehyde, acetone, and NaOH. Synthesis of compound 4-metoksikhalkon was done using 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, acetophenone, and NaOH. Dianisalceton compound was synthesized through Claysen-schmidt reaction between acetone, anisaldehide, and the catalysts NaOH. This synthesis were performed through solvent-free grinding method. Catalyst base material and simultaneously crushed in mortar for 15 minutes to form a paste. The pasta is dried and recrystallized. The resulted compounds were characterized by TLC, FTIR and GC-MS. Based on the results of the analysis of FTIR and GC-MS showed that dibenzalaceton, 4-methoksikhalkon and dianisalaceton can be synthesized and have succession yield 59.93%, 86.21% and 70.39% . There is the influence of p-methoxy groups in a condensation reaction Claysen-Schmidt on the synthesis of compounds dibenzalaceton, 4-methoksikhalkon and dianizalaceton use grinding method. Keywords: dibenzalaceton, 4-methoksikhalkon, dianizalaceton, grinding method

KEANEKARAGAMAN ANGGREK ALAM DAN KEBERADAAN MIKORIZA ANGGREK DI DUSUN TURGO PAKEM, SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA Sugiyarto, Lili; Umniyatie, Siti; Henuhili, Victoria
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keanekaragaman, mikoriza simbion, dan keberadaan mikoriza di akar anggrek alam di Dusun Turgo Pakem Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan dengan mengidentifikasi jenis anggrek, mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi fungi mikoriza adalah media PDA (potato dextrose agar) yang dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi setiap fungi yang diperoleh. Pengukuran faktor lingkungan abiotik meliputi faktor edafik yaitu kelembaban, pH, suhu tanah, dan mikroklimat yaitu suhu udara, kelembaban udara, dan intensitas cahaya. Infeksi mikoriza diamati dengan mengamati keberadaan fungi pada jaringan akar. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan adanya 8 spesies anggrek alam yaitu : Zeuxine petakinensis, endrobium sagittatum, Bulbophyllum chaetonium, Dendrobium mutabile, Eria retusa, Eria oblitterata, Pholidota carnea, Rhomboda velutina. Beberapa anggrek spesies di hutan tersebut dalam keadaan dorman sehingga tidak dapat diidentifikasi. Keberadaan mikoriza dari hasil pengamatan mikroskopis menunjukkan bahwa pada umumnya akar anggrek spesies yang ditemui berasosiasi simbiose dengan mikoriza yang masing-masing menunjukkan jenis fungi yang berbeda. Fungi yang dapat didentifikasi diantaranya termasuk dalam genus Rhizoctonia, Glomus, Chaetonium, Scopulariopsis dan TrichodermaKata kunci: spesies anggrek, mikoriza, fungi anggrek Abstract This research aims to identify the diversity of orchids and to find the existence of mycorrrhizal symbiont in wild orchid roots in Turgo village, Pakem Sleman. The samples of orchids and orchid roots were done by taking samples in Puspa Forest of Turgo Village, Pakem Sleman Yogyakarta. This research were exploration research on existing orchids’ diversity. The methods that have been used to identify the existing orchid species in the forest, isolation, and characterization mycorrhizal fungi is PDA (potato dextrose agar). Measurement of environmental factors for including edhapic factors were humidity, pH, soil temperature, and microclimate factors were air temperature, air humidity, and light intensity. The mycorrhizal infection was done by observing of mycorrhizal fungi existence. The results of the research are retrieved 8 species of orchids are Zeuxine petakinensis, Dendrobium sagittatum, Bulbophyllum chaetonium, Dendrobium mutabile, Eria retusa, Eria oblitterata, Pholidota carnea, Rhomboda velutina. Some orchids in the forest are dormant, therefore it couldn’t be identified. The mycorrhizal symbiosis from microscopic characterization had been known as different on each mychorriza. The mycorrhizal fungi that have been identified were genus of Rhizoctonia, Glomus, Chaetonium, Scopulariopsis and Trichoderma. Keywords: orchid species, mychorrhiza, orchid fungi

THE EFFECT OF VOLUME VARIATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE SOLUTION TOWARDS THE POROSITY AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF MORTAR W.S.B. Dwandaru; H.S.A Tina; A. Andreyani
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

As the world is growing rapidly, people need better building materials such as mortar. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of adding silver nanoparticle solution towards the porosity and compressive strength of mortar. This research was started by making silver nanoparticle solution from nitrate silver (AgNO3). The solution is then characterized using Uv-Vis spectrophotometer. 5 mM silver nanoparticle is added in the process of mortar production with volume variation of the silver nanoparticle solution. The porosity, compressive strength, and the content of mortar were determined by digital scale, universal testing machine, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. For silver nanoparticle solution volumes of (in mL) 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 the porosity obtained are (in %) 20.38, 19.48, 19.42, 18.9, 17.8, and 17.5, respectively. The best increase in compressive strength is obtained for (in MPa) 29,068, 29,308, and 31,385, with nanoparticle solution volumes of (in mL) 5, 10, and 15 Keywords: mortar, silver nanoparticle, compressive strength

THE ISOLATION OF COMPOUND POLYPHENOL FROM WAJO DISTRICT CACAO BEAN AND CACAO WASTE THROUGH FERMENTATION PROCESS Muhammad Wijaya; Muhammad Wiharto
Jurnal Sains Dasar Vol 5, No 2 (2016): October 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

This research aims to utilize the liquid smoke, charcoal, oil and gas that have been produced from cocoa waste shell from fast pyrolysis technology at 125-500 oC. The charcoal of the cocoa waste was analyzed using a bomb calorimeter at 5925 cal/g showed that it contains 52.02% of lignin; 17.27% of alpha cellulose and 19.56% of hemicellulose, respectively. The HPLC analysis of Wajo district cacao bean resulted in polyphenol compound as 308.35. GC-MS analysis of cocoa shell liquid smoke that pyrolized at 125-500 oC produces severals compounds such as acetic acid, n-buthane, methyl esther, propanoac acid, butanoac acid, methyl pyridine, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, and mequinol. The FTIR analysis of cocoa bean showed a hydroxyl group at 3450.65 cm-1, carbonyl group at 1730.15 cm-1, CH group at 719.45-607.58 cm-1. The crystallinity degree of Wajo District cocoa shell analyzed using XRD was 26,50%. The existence of chemical compounds in liquid smoke products have been found as raw chemicals. Content of biomass carbon at these cacao waste increased according to the increase of pyrolisis temperature, while the carbon emission of these three materials decreased as the temperature increased. Compound polyphenol from cacao bean has a potent as anti oxidant that is friendly for environmental and healthy. Keywords: cacao bean, fermentation, polyphenol, and chemical

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