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Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
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Core Subject : Engineering,
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (Buletin Teknik Elektro dan Informatika) ISSN: 2089-3191, e-ISSN: 2302-9285 is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world. The journal publishes original papers in the field of electrical, computer and informatics engineering.
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Articles 2,901 Documents
Malaysian car plate localization using region-based convolutional neural network Tay Eng Liang; Usman Ullah Sheikh; Mohd Norzali Haji Mohd
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 1: February 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (439.703 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i1.1862

Abstract

Automatic car plate localization and recognition system is a system that identifies the car plate location and recognizes the characters on the car plate input images. Within the automated system, the car plate localization stage is the first stage and is the most crucial stage as the success rate of the whole system depends heavily on it. In this paper, a Malaysian car plate localization system using Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) is proposed. Using transfer learning on the AlexNet CNN, the localization was greatly improved achieving best precision and recall rate of 95.19% and 97.84% respectively. Besides, the proposed R-CNN was able to localize car plates in complex scenarios such as under occlusion.
Enhanced sliding mode controller performance in DC-DC buck converter using a tan hyperbolic reaching law and constant plus proportional reaching law Siddesh K. B.; Basavaraja Banakara; R. Shivarudraswamy
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 2: April 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (545.401 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i2.2100

Abstract

This paper presents an enhanced sliding mode controller (SMC) operation, chattering analysis and loading conditions of the SMC DC-DC buck converter. Sliding mode portion, chattering attenuation are analyzed by using a conventional and proposed reaching law in buck converter. A proposed tan hyperbolic reaching law (THRL) is originated to be useful in terms of chattering mitigation and fast convergence. The major drawback of the conventional reaching law viz, it bypasses the main portion of the sliding mode portion to ensure fast reaching. It causes more chattering, more time to reach the steady state on the switching surface. The most significant improvement of SMC is that it guarantees strengthening the sliding mode phase. The proposed tan hyperbolic reaching law is being hit here during an exponential adjustment so that the attributes of it, covers complete sliding mode portion, chattering mitigation and fast reaching time. In turn, cause fewer switching loss in the buck converter. Even external disturbances and uncertainty of the system occurs. The loading conditions are applied to proposed tan hyperbolic reaching law and analyzed. Simulation analysis conducted by MATLAB/Simulink.
A prosthetic limb managed by sensors-based electronic system: Experimental results on amputees F. Gaetani; R. de Fazio; G. A. Zappatore; P. Visconti
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 2: April 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1544.172 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i2.2101

Abstract

Taking the advantages offered by smart high-performance electronic devices, transradial prosthesis for upper-limb amputees was developed and tested. It is equipped with sensing devices and actuators allowing hand movements; myoelectric signals are detected by Myo armband with 8 electromyographic (EMG) electrodes, a 9-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU) and bluetooth low energy (BLE) module. All data are received through HM-11 BLE transceiver by Arduino board which processes them and drives actuators. Raspberry Pi board controls a touchscreen display, providing user a feedback related to prosthesis functioning and sends EMG and IMU data, gathered via the armband, to cloud platform thus allowing orthopedic during rehabilitation period, to monitor users’ improvements in real time. A GUI software integrating a machine learning algorithm was implemented for recognizing flexion/extension/rest gestures of user fingers. The algorithm performances were tested on 9 male subjects (8 able-bodied and 1 subject affected by upper-limb amelia), demonstrating high accuracy and fast responses.
Formulations for joint order picking problems in low-level picker-to-part systems Jose Alejandro Cano
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 2: April 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (411.409 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i2.2110

Abstract

This article introduces several mathematical formulations for the joint order picking problem (JOPP) in low-level picker-to-part warehousing systems. In order to represent real warehousing environments, the proposed models minimize performance measures such as travel distance, travel time and tardiness, considering multi-block warehouses, due dates, and multiple pickers. The number of constraints and decision variables required for each proposed model is calculated, demonstrating the complexity of solving medium and long-sized problems in reasonable computing time using exact methods. The proposed models can be followed as a reference for new solution methods that yield efficient and fast solutions.
Security performance analysis for power domain NOMA employing in cognitive radio networks Thi-Anh Hoang; Chi-Bao Le; Dinh-Thuan Do
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 3: June 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1076.26 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i3.1639

Abstract

The power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique introduces one of the fundamental characteristics and it exhibits the possibility of users to decode the messages of the other paired users on the same resources. In cognitive radio inspired NOMA (CR-NOMA), the base station (BS) has to serve untrusted users or users with different security clearance. This phenomenon raises a security threat particularly in such CR-NOMA. This paper develops a tractable analysis framework to evaluate the security performance of cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in cognitive networks, where relay is able to serve two far NOMA users in the presence of external eavesdropper. In particular, we study the secrecy outage probability in a two-user NOMA system. This situation happens in practical the BS is pairing a legitimate user with another untrusted user. Main reason is that the non-uniform distribution in terms of trusted and untrusted users in the cell. By performing numerical results demonstrate the performance improvements of the proposed NOMA scheme in comparison to that of several situations in terms of different parameters. Furthermore, the security performance of NOMA is shown to verify the derived expressions.
Triple layer image security using bit-shift, chaos, and stream encryption Ajib Susanto; De Rosal Ignatius Moses Setiadi; Eko Hari Rachmawanto; Ibnu Utomo Wahyu Mulyono; Christy Atika Sari; Md Kamruzzaman Sarker; Musfiqur Rahman Sazal
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 3: June 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (851.826 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i3.2001

Abstract

One popular image security technique is image encryption. This research proposes an image encryption technique that consists of three encryption layers, i.e. bit-shift encryption, chaos-based encryption, and stream encryption. The chaos algorithm used is Arnold's chaotic map, while the stream cipher algorithm used is RC4. Each layer has different cryptology characteristics in order to obtain safer image encryption. The characteristics of cryptology are permutation, confusion, diffusion, and substitution. The combination of the proposed encryption method aims to secure images against various attacks, especially attacks on statistics and differentials. The encryption method testing is done by various measuring instruments such as statistical analysis, i.e. entropy information, avalanche effect, and histogram, differential analysis, i.e. UACI and NPCR, visual analysis using PSNR and SSIM, and bit error ratio. Based on the results of experiments that the encryption method that we propose can work excellently based on various measurement instruments. The decryption process can also work perfectly this is evidenced by the ∞ value based on PSNR, and zero value based on SSIM and BER.
Simulations of the CNFETs using different high-k gate dielectrics Ankita Dixit; Navneet Gupta
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 3: June 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (816.721 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i3.1784

Abstract

In this paper we presented the analysis of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNFETs) using various high-k gate dielectric materials. The objective of this work was to choose the best possible material for gate dielectric. This paper also presented the study on the effect of thickness of gate dielectric on the performance of the device. For the analysis (19, 0) CNT was considered because the diameter of (19, 0) CNT is 1.49nm and the CNFETs have been fabricated with the CNT diameter of ~1.5nm. It has been observed that La2O3 is the best gate dielectric material followed by HfO2 and ZrO2. It was also observed that as thickness of gate dielectric material reduces, drain current of CNFET increases. The outcomes of this study matches with the analytical results and hence confirm the results
Shielding effectiveness measurement of cement-graphite block in between 3.8 GHz to 6 GHz Yeoh, S. L.; Yee, S. K.; T. J. Ong, N.; Dahlan, S. H.; Sia, C. K.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 2: April 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (600.052 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i2.1848

Abstract

Due to proliferation of electronic devices, the electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure affect human health in long term. On the other hand the operation electronic devices will be affected if the radiation level is too high. To reduce the radiation exposure, shielding is always used. Instead of building a shielding enclosure inside a building, it is more practical to improve the shielding capability of the building itself. Hence, this project intend to investigate the shielding effectiveness (SE) of cement added with graphite. Eight cement-graphite specimens with different percentages (0%, 3%, 7%, 11%, 15%, 19%, 25% and 30%) are prepared. They have been casted into the waveguide mold with size of 4.75 cm x 1 cm x 2.22 cm and taken for measurement directly. The SE measurement setup involve a pair of waveguide with frequency range of 3.8 GHz to 6 GHz and vector network analyser (VNA). Throughout the study, it is found that the percentage of graphite powder will affect the SE of the specimens. The SE is independent on its curing duration. More than 11% of graphite is needed to improve the SE of cement block in between 3.8 GHz to 6 GHz. The highest SE of 33 dB is achieved when the sample contains 30% of graphite with thickness of 1cm.
Negative refraction metamaterial with low loss property at millimeter wave spectrum B. A. F. Esmail; H. A. Majid; F. A. Saparudin; M. Jusoh; A. Y. Ashyap; Najib Al-Fadhali; M. K. A. Rahim
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 3: June 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (628.434 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i3.1853

Abstract

The design of the millimeter-wave (MMW) metamaterials (MMs) unit cell operates at 28 GHz is presented and numerically investigated. The proposed structure composed of a modified split ring resonator (MSRR) printed on both sides of the substrate layer. Popular MM structures such as S-shape, G-shape, and Ω-shape are adjusted to operate at the 28 GHz for comparison purpose. MSRR achieves a wide bandwidth of 1.1 GHz in comparison with its counterparts at the resonance frequency. Moreover, the proposed structure presents very low losses by providing the highest transmission coefficient, S21, at the corresponding frequency region. The radiation loss is substantially suppressed and the negativity of the constitutive parameters of the proposed MM structure is maintained. By applying the principle of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon, the MSRR unit cell induces opposite currents on both sides of the substrate which leads to canceling out the scattering fields and suppresses the radiation loss. The constitutive parameters of the MM structures are retrieved using well known retrieval algorithm. The proposed structure can be used to enhance the performance of fifth generation (5G) antenna such as the gain and bandwidth.
Investigation of white blood cell biomaker model for acute lymphoblastic leukemia detection based on convolutional neural network Syadia Nabilah Mohd Safuan; Mohd Razali Md Tomari; Wan Nurshazwani Wan Zakaria; Mohd Norzali Hj Mohd; Nor Surayahani Suriani
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 9, No 2: April 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (855.675 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i2.1857

Abstract

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a disease that is defined by uncontrollable growth of malignant and immature White Blood Cells (WBCs) which is called lymphoblast. Traditionally, lymphoblast analysis is done manually and highly dependent on the pathologist’s skill and  experience which sometimes yields inaccurate result. For that reason, in this project an algorithm to automatically detect WBC and subsequently examine ALL disease using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is proposed. Several pretrained CNN models which are VGG, GoogleNet and Alexnet were analaysed to compare its performance for differentiating lymphoblast and non-lymphoblast cells from IDB database. The tuning is done by experimenting the convolution layer, pooling layer and fully connected layer. Technically, 70% of the images are used for training and another 30% for testing. From the experiments, it is found that the best pretrained models are VGG and GoogleNet compared to AlexNet by achieving 100% accuracy for training. As for testing, VGG obtained the highest performance which is 99.13% accuracy. Apart from that, VGG also proven to have better result based on the training graph which is more stable and contains less error compared to the other two models.

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