Jurnal Theologia
Jurnal THEOLOGIA, ISSN 0853-3857 (print); 2540-847X (online) is an academic journal published biannually by Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang. It specializes in Islamic Studies (Ushuluddin) which particularly includes: Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Al-Quran (Tafsir) and Hadith, Study of Religions, Sufism and Islamic Ethics.
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<![CDATA[Dalit Theology and Modern Slavery in Sumba: A Theological Critique of the Church's Response to the Ata–Maramba Hierarchy ]]>
<![CDATA[Rosnita Temba Kagu]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Theologia Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/teo.2026.37.1.30052
<![CDATA[This study analyzes the Ata-Maramba social hierarchy in Sumba as a form of modern slavery legitimized by deeply rooted socio‑cultural structures and evaluates the church’s response through the lens of Dalit theology. Using a qualitative approach that combines literature review and semi‑structured interviews with pastors serving in Tanambanas–Waiurang, the research reveals that exploitative practices based on hereditary status continue to persist and are often framed as customary obligations, making them difficult to recognize as modern slavery. Dalit Theology, which centers the lived experience of the oppressed as the locus of theological reflection, provides a critical framework for interpreting the structural marginalization experienced by the ata community and for assessing the church’s role in addressing injustice. The findings indicate a significant gap between the church’s theological declarations of human equality and the social reality in which caste‑based stigma remains embedded within congregational life. The church’s response tends to be pastoral and incremental, lacking the structural transformation demanded by Dalit Theology. Therefore, this study argues for the need for a more explicit and transformative ecclesial praxis—one that publicly acknowledges injustice, empowers ata communities, and develops affirmative programs that embody the preferential option for the oppressed as central to the mission of God’s Kingdom.]]>
<![CDATA[Reconceptualizing Motherhood in Modern African Society: An Afrocentric Philosophical Reconstruction of Care, Ubuntu Ethics, and Gender Justice ]]>
<![CDATA[Michael D Olajide]]>;
<![CDATA[Olatundun A. Oderinde]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Theologia Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/teo.2026.37.1.30390
<![CDATA[This research places the institution of motherhood in modern African society as the main unit of analysis to decipher its shifting cultural values. The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the meaning of motherhood distorted by colonialism and capitalistic modernity through the lens of contemporary philosophy. Using a qualitative method approaching conceptual-analytical analysis, this literature study evaluates the main texts of ethical philosophy and African feminism thought. The findings and novelty of this research prove that the concept of motherhood in Africa is not just an oppressive biological-domestic function, but a relational, ethical, and socially productive institution that provides moral authority for women. This deconstruction gave birth to a new synthesis that sat down as a fair communal responsibility. The scientific contribution of this research is to provide a theoretical blueprint for bridging the tension between radical Western autonomy and traditional communitarianism. Thus, this study offers a robust contextual framework for the formulation of gender justice policies, social sustainability, and the fulfillment of reproductive rights rooted in the local wisdom of modern African societies.]]>
<![CDATA[Beyond Anthropocentrism: A Comparative Ecotheological Framework of Khalīfah fīl-Arḍ and Imago Dei toward Theo-Ecocentrism ]]>
<![CDATA[Tonny Andrian Stefanus]]>;
<![CDATA[David Ming]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Theologia Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/teo.2026.37.1.30832
<![CDATA[The modern ecological crisis is fundamentally driven by anthropocentric paradigms that exploit the biosphere. Addressing this challenge, this study utilizes the theological frameworks of Khalīfah fīl-Arḍ in Islam and Imago Dei in Christianity as its central units of analysis to construct an applicable interfaith environmental ethics model. Employing a qualitative, comparative theological-philosophical approach through library research, this study systematically analyzes classical and contemporary Qur'anic exegeses, biblical texts, and official church documents. The analysis reveals a vital conceptual intersection: both Abrahamic traditions strictly deconstruct despotic anthropocentrism by redefining human authority not as absolute ownership, but as derivative, accountable stewardship (amanah). The core novelty of this research lies in its transition from passive, compartmentalized dogmatic comparisons to an integrated "theo-ecocentric" paradigm that binds ecological preservation with absolute spiritual devotion. Ultimately, this study contributes a robust moral foundation and pragmatic, cross-religious action plans—such as eco-places of worship and interfaith environmental alliances—bridging the gap between sacred texts and practical biosphere restoration.]]>
<![CDATA[Pre–Post Evaluation of a Community-Based Sleep Training Program for Older Men with Sleep Disorders in Duhok Governorate ]]>
<![CDATA[Iman Mohammed Mustafa]]>;
<![CDATA[Shireen Safar Mousa]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Theologia Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/teo.2026.37.1.30879
<![CDATA[Sleep disorders are a common health concern among older adults and are often associated with reduced physical functioning, impaired cognition, and poorer psychological well-being. This study aimed to conduct a pre–post evaluation of a community-based sleep training program for older men with sleep disorders in Duhok Governorate, Iraq. A single-group pretest–posttest design was employed involving 10 community-dwelling men aged 60–63 years who reported sleep-related difficulties. Participants attended an 8-session training program delivered over four weeks in a community setting. The intervention included sleep hygiene education, relaxation techniques, behavioral strategies, and practical guidance to improve sleep-related habits. Outcome assessment was conducted before and after the intervention using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) as the primary measure, supported by selected indicators of sleep pattern and daytime functioning. The findings showed improvement in overall sleep quality following participation in the program, reflected in lower PSQI scores, reduced sleep onset latency, improved sleep efficiency, and longer total sleep duration. Positive changes were also observed in daytime sleepiness and selected cognitive functioning outcomes. These findings suggest that a structured community-based sleep training program may provide short-term benefits for older men experiencing sleep disturbances. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously, given the small sample size, absence of a control group, and limited follow-up period. Further controlled studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the intervention's effectiveness and generalizability]]>
<![CDATA[Beyond Doctrinal Exclusivism: Human Dignity and Diaconal Engagement as a Practical Theology for Social Cohesion in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[David Priyo Susilo]]>;
<![CDATA[Kalis Stevanus]]>;
<![CDATA[Yeremia Didasgil Taneo]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Theologia Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/teo.2026.37.1.31062
<![CDATA[This study investigates how Christian Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Kristen / PAK) lecturers in Indonesian higher education institutions facilitate interreligious dialogue to mitigate horizontal conflicts and nurture systemic tolerance. Employing a qualitative descriptive methodology grounded in a comprehensive literature review, this research systematically analyzes the transformation of pedagogical approaches from doctrinally exclusive models toward context-sensitive, dialogical frameworks. The findings reveal that academic actors serve as essential ethical and pedagogical agents by integrating interreligious dialogue into the curricula, facilitating structured interfaith discussions, modeling inclusive behavior, and leading cross-faith institutional partnerships. The study's main novelty lies in its operationalization of practical "diaconal engagement" and a lived "philosophy of encounter" within Christian higher education to transcend mere normative ideals. This research contributes to global discourses on peace education and moderating religious radicalism by providing a replicable matrix of scholastic leadership for multi-faith nations.]]>
<![CDATA[Beyond Capacity-Based Imago Dei: A Relational–Teleological Model for Theological Anthropology in the Age of Generative AI ]]>
<![CDATA[Hestyn Natal Istinatun]]>;
<![CDATA[Louisa Marga Metekohy]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Theologia Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/teo.2026.37.1.31241
<![CDATA[This study examines theological claims concerning Imago Dei—particularly substantive, functional, and relational models—as its unit of analysis, in light of the rise of generative artificial intelligence capable of mimicking cognitive, linguistic, and social performance. The study aims to critically reassess the adequacy of these models and to formulate a more resilient theological framework that preserves human dignity without reducing it to measurable capacities or simulated interactions. Methodologically, the article employs a systematic-critical conceptual review of theological anthropology and interdisciplinary AI literature, combined with comparative analysis and systematic theological synthesis. The findings indicate that capacity-based interpretations render substantive and functional models vulnerable to technological replication, while purely relational accounts risk collapsing into phenomenological simulation. As a conceptual novelty, the article proposes a relational–teleological model of Imago Dei grounded in covenantal participation, vocational orientation, and embodied social existence. This model distinguishes between performative similarity and ontological participation, thereby clarifying the theological boundaries between human persons and AI systems. The study contributes to systematic theology by offering a coherent doctrinal reconstruction that is both conceptually robust and contextually responsive, while also providing a normative framework for evaluating AI in ethical, ecclesial, and public contexts.]]>
<![CDATA[Covenant, Mohar, and Shalom: A Contextual Theological Dialogue between Old Testament Marriage and Javanese Marriage Culture ]]>
<![CDATA[Ana Budi Kristiani]]>;
<![CDATA[Vian Klasia Wenno]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Theologia Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/teo.2026.37.1.31399
<![CDATA[This study analyzes the theological and cultural dimensions of marriage by examining key Old Testament texts and their dialogical engagement with Javanese marriage practices. The unit of analysis includes selected biblical passages (Gen 2:18–24; Exod 22:16–17; Mal 2:13–16; Hos 1–3; Ruth 4) alongside core elements of Javanese rituals such as seserahan, panggih–sungkeman, and kenduri. The aim is to construct a contextual theological framework that critically integrates biblical concepts of covenant, economic responsibility, and communal joy with Javanese cultural values. This research employs a qualitative, literature-based method combining historical-grammatical exegesis, Ancient Near Eastern contextual analysis, and anthropological interpretation of Javanese culture. A comparative thematic approach is used to identify points of resonance and tension between the two traditions. The findings reveal three key insights. First, the covenantal nature of Old Testament marriage resonates with Javanese ideals of harmony (rukun) and relational fidelity. Second, the concept of mohar parallels seserahan as a cultural expression of responsibility and respect toward women, while requiring critical evaluation to avoid economic excess. Third, communal celebration in biblical wedding feasts aligns with kenduri as an expression of shared joy and social cohesion. This study contributes a contextual theological model that affirms cultural values while offering critical discernment, thereby enriching contemporary discussions on marriage, theology, and culture in non-Western contexts.]]>
<![CDATA[Inner Well-Being and Meaning-Making: Toward a Theological Anthropology of Spiritual Counseling ]]>
<![CDATA[Innawati Teddywono]]>;
<![CDATA[Freddy Teng]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Theologia Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/teo.2026.37.1.31400
<![CDATA[This study examines the integration of humanistic principles in spiritual counseling, focusing on the lived experiences of clients and counselors as the unit of analysis. It aims to explore how empathy, unconditional acceptance, and authentic therapeutic relationships are practiced in spiritual counseling, and how these elements shape clients’ inner well-being and meaning-making processes. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected from 10 clients and 5 spiritual counselors through semi-structured in-depth interviews, limited observations, and reflective documents. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns in emotional, relational, and spiritual experiences. The findings reveal that humanistic spiritual counseling facilitates a reconfiguration of inner well-being, shifting clients’ perspectives from problem-centered and normative interpretations toward reflective self-understanding, acceptance of vulnerability, and spiritual connectedness. A key novelty of this study lies in demonstrating that therapeutic relationships function as the primary relational mechanism through which psychological and spiritual dimensions are integrated. The study also highlights how clients renegotiate their sense of self and meaning within contemporary contexts influenced by digital life. This research contributes to counseling scholarship by offering an empirically grounded, relational framework for integrating humanistic and spiritual approaches to promote holistic inner well-being.]]>
<![CDATA[Reconceptualizing Spiritual Authority: A Dialogical and Epistemic Approach to Theological Anthropology and Formation in the Age of Generation Z ]]>
<![CDATA[Vinus Zai]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwi Lestari Ningsih]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Theologia Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/teo.2026.37.1.31407
<![CDATA[This article examines spiritual authority in theological higher education as a multidimensional construct shaping the ethical and character formation of Generation Z students in Indonesia. The unit of analysis focuses on the conceptual relationship between spiritual authority, epistemic authority, and character formation within contemporary theological learning environments. The study aims to reconceptualize spiritual authority beyond hierarchical domination into a dialogical, epistemic, and formative framework responsive to digital-era learners. Employing a qualitative conceptual approach based on critical literature analysis, the article integrates theological reflection, Michael Polanyi’s epistemology of personal knowledge, and socio-cultural insights from Indonesian intellectual discourse. The study finds that traditional models of authority as unilateral knowledge transmission are increasingly ineffective among Generation Z, who engage knowledge through decentralized and interactive platforms. As a result, spiritual authority must be reframed as epistemic guidance, where lecturers function as “wisdom curators” who facilitate discernment, integrate knowledge, and cultivate responsible freedom within a community of inquiry. This reconceptualization constitutes the article’s primary novelty, offering a dialogical model of authority that is both theologically grounded and pedagogically adaptive. The article contributes to the discourse on theological education by proposing a framework in which spiritual authority operates as formative stewardship, enabling the development of altruism, resilience, and vocational integrity in contemporary students.]]>
<![CDATA[Qur’anic Hermeneutics and the Ecological Crisis: A Thematic Ecotheological Reconstruction of Cosmic Balance ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdul Syukkur]]>;
<![CDATA[Akhmad Arif Junaidi]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Arja Imroni]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Theologia Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21580/teo.2026.37.1.31549
<![CDATA[The escalating global environmental crisis demands a profound ontological and normative shift beyond conventional materialistic and technocratic paradigms. This study examines the conceptual construction of ecological stewardship within Islamic scripture to address contemporary environmental degradation. The unit of analysis comprises specifically selected Qur’anic verses addressing cosmic equilibrium, terrestrial preservation, and human-nature interactions. This research aims to systematically reconstruct Qur’anic environmental ethics by identifying core ethical formulations, examining the structural causes of their contemporary neglect, and evaluating their implications for long-term ecological sustainability. Employing a qualitative research design, this study synthesizes thematic interpretation (tafsīr mawḍū‘ī) with a systematic ecotheological analytical framework. The findings reveal that Qur’anic environmental ethics are anchored in an interdependent matrix of cosmic balance (mīzān), divine trust (amānah), existential stewardship (khilāfah), and an absolute prohibition of systemic corruption (fasād). Furthermore, the investigation demonstrates that contemporary ecological neglect is fundamentally driven by moral-spiritual decay, reductionist anthropocentric exegetical frameworks, and the utilitarian co-optation of scriptural texts to legitimize resource exploitation. The novelty of this research lies in its formulation of an integrated ecotheological framework that bridges metaphysical realities with empirical sustainability paradigms. This study contributes to global Islamic ecological discourse by offering a non-anthropocentric conceptual model that harmonizes traditional exegesis with contemporary sustainability challenges.]]>
