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IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience

IJOG
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Published by Geological Agency of Indonesia

ISSN : 23559314 EISSN : 23559306 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences

The spirit to improve the journal to be more credible is increasing, and in 2012 it invited earth scientists in East and Southeast Asia as well as some western countries to join the journal for the editor positions in the Indonesia Journal of Geology. This is also to realize our present goal to internationalize the journal, The Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, which is open for papers of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geodetics, geography, and soil science. This new born journal is expected to be published three times a year. As an international publication, of course it must all be written in an international language, in this case English. This adds difficulties to the effort to obtain good papers in English to publish although the credit points that an author will get are much higher.

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Articles 796 Documents

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Penyebaran dan Karakteristik Zirkon Dasar Laut sebagai Endapan Sekunder di Perairan Singkawang dan sekitarnya, Kalimantan Barat Noor Cahyo Aryanto; H. Kurnio
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v5i2.98The abundance of sea floor zircon mineral in the studied area was found at the southwest of Kabung Island (SKWL-56) which was accumulated in silty sand sediments at 23 m water depth. Based on the grain mineragraphy analysis, this mineral has various characteristics: rose, white, and brownish yellow colours, elongated prismatic crystals, and translucent to transparent appearances. The distribution profile lines have shown that the distribution of seafloor zircon tends to decrease from Kabung and its surrounding areas to Lemukutan, and from Kabung to the Land of Kalimantan. Considering the abundances, distribution, crystal shape, and mineral association, the zircon mineral in the studied area is a placer deposit that was produced by transport processes characterized by the changing form of crystal. Some samples observed, showed corrosion marks due to a transportation activity, while the transparent level change of these minerals was suggested to be due to much penetration into cavities in the mineral, which lead to the presence of gangue material during the deposition process.

Penelitian Magnetostratigrafi dan Penerapan Satuan Stratigrafi Polaritas Magnet sebagai Satuan Kronostratigrafi: Studi Kasus di Cekungan Bandung serta Daerah Mojokerto dan Sangiran, Jawa Edi Sunardi
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v5i2.99Palaeomagnetism has a role to make a new stratigraphic nomenclature based on the earth magnetism of a nonperiodic reversal polarity phenomenon. Since this phenomenon has a global impact, it can be used as a potential correlation, known as the Magnetic Polarity Chronostratigraphy Unit. Remanent magnetism direction having reversal polarity against present earth magnetic field has long been known since early palaeomagnetic studies. Modern development of geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS), initiated in early 1960’s has followed the advancement of radiometric dating which is more accurate. A palaeomagnetic record obtained in the past of 3 Ma of rock in the Sangiran Area, East Java, has contributed in making a correction of previous magnetostratigraphy researches as well as a new level stratigraphy boundary and a new event of geomagnetic polarity. Based on the correlation record of secular variation in Mojokerto and Sangiran, the magnetostratigraphy of formations of Pleistocene age at Mojokerto has been arranged. The geomagnetic polarity stratigraphy of the past 4 Ma of the rocks in the Bandung Basin and its surrounding areas can be used as a guidance of isochronous position in the stratigraphy correlation.

Model Mineralisasi Pembentukan Opal Banten Chusni Ansori
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v5i3.100Opal is a beautiful precious gemstone that is equal or more valuable than diamond. In Indonesia, precious opal is found at the Lebak Regency, Province of Banten. Banten’s opal widely has been recognized due to its beautiful opalescence. This paper is a review of the last research; preliminary study of Banten’s opal, characteristics of opal-CT and determining of opal type from geochemical data, added by new data to compile concept and to make mineralization model. In order to fulfill these targets, field geology research and analysis of mineralog/gemology, petrography, X-RD, and major and trace element geochemistry have been done. The Banten’s opal is opal-CT showing opalescence (play of colour), weathering, and leaching silica from volcanic glass by dark grey claystone hosted. Mineralization model is divided into three periods; at Early Pliocene volcanic clastic sediments rich in volcanic glass occured as fluvial sediments. Afterwards, at Late Pliocene - Pleistocene folding, weathering and leaching of silica took place. Intensive jointing, faulting, and folding quickened weathering and leaching processes to formed opal at limb of anticline through Holocene. The prospecting area of Banten’s opal is in tuff unit with intercalation of conglomerate or pumiceous breccia, at limb of anticline. The host rock of opal is dark grey claystone which underlies polimict conglomerate/pebbly sandstone sequence with cross stratification, imbricated, and erossional stucture; more than 8 m deep.

Makrozonasi dan Mikrozonasi Kerentanan Bencana Gempa Bumi di Wilayah Ende sebagai Data dasar Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Wilayah Sukahar Eka Saputra; A. Suhaimi; F. Mulyasari
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v5i3.101The application of macrozonation and microzonation on earthquake hazard susceptibility for zoning regulation in the regency and city levels, is one of the activities of joint technical cooperation between the Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources and the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) which involved the local government of Ende. Macrozonation of the Ende Regency contains a basic information of seismotectonics which consists of geological conditions (geomorphology, lithology, structural geology, and neotectonics) and seismicities (epicenter distribution, focal mechanism, earthquake source zones, and accelerations of hard, intermediate and soft rocks as well as their maximum intensity). On the other sides, it includes administrative boundaries and potential earthquake hazards as well as its collateral hazards when the earthquakes occurred. The research in the city area was a microzonation parameters of amplification, predominant period, and susceptibility index of earthquake hazard and its combinations. These important parameters can be used as spatial planning data for an earthquake risk assessment at each zone based on it own susceptibility degree.

Penafsiran Struktur Geologi Bawah Permukaan di Kawasan Semburan Lumpur Sidoarjo, Berdasarkan Penampang Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Kris Budiono; HandoKo HandoKo; U. Hernawan; Godwin Godwin
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v5i3.102The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey has been carried out around the Sidoarjo mud eruption. The aim of the survey is to see how far the development of shallow subsurface geological condition related to the eruptions that frequently occur around the main eruption. Ground Probing Radar is one of the geophysical method which is developed as a tool for a relatively shallow and detailed subsurface geological survey. The use of GPR method is not different with the seismic reflection method. The penetration depth of GPR method depends on electric properties of subsurface geological condition such as electric conductivity and dielectric constant. Both of these properties are related to physical properties of soil or rock such as water content and salinity. The result of the survey shows that at a shallow depth the geological structure such as fold, fault, and joint is frequently seen. Based on these results, the GPR method is very useful to decide the indication of potential area of small mud intrusion, so that the result can be used to help the mitigation plan.

Indonesian Landforms and Plate Tectonics Herman Th. Verstappen
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v5i3.103The horizontal configuration and vertical dimension of the landforms occurring in the tectonically unstable parts of Indonesia were resulted in the first place from plate tectonics. Most of them date from the Quaternary and endogenous forces are ongoing. Three major plates – the northward moving Indo-Australian Plate, the south-eastward moving SE-Asian Plate and the westward moving Pacific Plate - meet at a plate triple-junction situated in the south of New Guinea’s Bird’s Head. The narrow North-Moluccan plate is interposed between the Asia and Pacific. It tapers out northward in the Philippine Mobile Belt and is gradually disappearing. The greatest relief amplitudes occur near the plate boundaries: deep ocean trenches are associated with subduction zones and mountain ranges with collision belts. The landforms of the more stable areas of the plates date back to a more remote past and, where emerged, have a more subdued relief that is in the first place related to the resistance of the rocks to humid tropical weathering Rising mountain ranges and emerging island arcs are subjected to rapid humid-tropical river erosions and mass movements. The erosion products accumulate in adjacent sedimentary basins where their increasing weight causes subsidence by gravity and isostatic compensations. Living and raised coral reefs, volcanoes, and fault scarps are important geomorphic indicators of active plate tectonics. Compartmental faults may strongly affect island arcs stretching perpendicular to the plate movement. This is the case on Java. Transcurrent faults and related pull-apart basins are a leading factor where plates meet at an angle, such as on Sumatra. The most complicated situation exists near the triple-junction and in the Moluccas. Modern research methods, such as GPS measurements of plate movements and absolute dating of volcanic outbursts and raised coral reefs are important tools. The mega-landforms resulting from the collision of India with the Asian continent, around 50.0 my. ago, and the final collision of Australia with the Pacific, about 5.0 my. ago, also had an important impact on geomorphologic processes and the natural environment of SE-Asia through changes of the monsoonal wind system in the region and of the oceanic thermo-haline circulation in eastern Indonesia between the Pacific and the Indian ocean. In addition the landforms of the region were, of course, affected by the Quaternary global climatic fluctuations and sea level changes.

Mekanisme Gempa Vulkanik Gunung Talang Pasca Gempa Tektonik Mentawai Tahun 2007-2009, Sumatra Barat Estu Kriswati; Y. E. Pamitro; A. Basuki
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v5i3.104The Mentawai tectonic earthquake (magnitude 6.8 on the Richter Scale) on April 10, 2005 is assumed to trigger Talang volcanic activity that caused an eruption on April 12, 2005. Information on the source mechanism of volcanic earthquakes after the tectonic earthquake is expected to answer question of “Do tectonic earthquakes around the Talang Volcano trigger its volcanic activities?” Epicenter distribution of the volcanic earthquakes between 2007 and 2009 shows a southeast – northwest pattern with dextral strike-slip fault and normal fault mechanisms. The data show that earthquake activities at the Talang Volcano were dominated by local structure movements influenced by regional tectonic movements. Between 2007 and 2009, there were three process stages related to magnitude 6 or larger tectonic earthquakes around the Talang Volcano. First stage was a period before August 16, 2009. In this stage, volcanic fluids rose to the shallower chamber beneath the Talang Volcano. Second stage was a compressional stage and formation of a reverse fault influenced by Mentawai tectonic earthquake on August 16, 2009 and activation of a fault that intersects the Volcano. The third stage was a compresional stage and formation of a reverse fault influenced by Padang tectonic earthquake on September 30, 2009. In this stage, area fracturing was intensified, thereby the fracturing became more intensive. As the result, the accumulated volume and pressure of several tectonic earthquakes were released that caused an increase of eruption column soon after the tectonic earthquake.

Physical Disintegration Characterization of Mudrocks Subjected to Slaking Exposure and Immersion Tests Imam A. Sadisun; Bandono Bandono; H. Shimada; M. Ichinose; K. Matsui
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 4 (2010)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v5i4.105In order to gain insights into the detailed physical disintegration characteristics of various types of mudrock, a series of static slaking exposure and immersion tests were carefully carried out in this study. The intent of this paper is to exhaustively describe and discuss the results of the tests, including slaking mechanism, mode and rate/intensity. In general, it can be obviously identified that there are significant different susceptibilities of each mudrock tested to slake-disintegration. These differences can not only be identified from the results of slaking exposure test but also from slaking immersion test. It seems that there is also an agreement in both testing results, which show that the most resistant mudrock to slaking was Ikeshima shales, and was comparatively, followed by Ombilin siltstones, Tanjung Enim mudstones-claystones, and Subang claystones as the worst slaking characteristic. The detailed differences in fundamental characteristics of physical disintegration characteristics will further widely be discussed in this paper.

Geochemical and Thermodinamic Modeling of Segara Anak Lake and the 2009 Eruption of Rinjani Volcano, Lombok, Indonesia Akhmad Solikhin; S. I. Kunrat; A. Bernard; B. Barbier; R. Campion
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 4 (2010)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v5i4.106Rinjani is the second highest volcano in Indonesia with an elevation of 3726 m above sea level. The steep and highest cone of Rinjani consists mainly of loose pyroclastic ejecta and contains a crater with a few solfataras. The West of this cone is Segara Anak caldera. The western side of the caldera is occupied by a 230 m deep lake, covering an area of 11 km² and its volume was (before the 2009 eruption) estimated 1.02 km3. This is probably the largest hot volcanic lake in the world.The lake water is neutral (pH: 7-8) and its chemistry dominated by chlorides and sulfates with a relatively high TDS (Total Dissolved Solids: 2640 mg/l). This unusual TDS as well as the lake surface temperatures (20 - 22°C) well above ambient temperatures (14 - 15°C) for this altitude, reflect a strong input of hydrothermal fluids. Numerous hot springs are located along the shore at the foot of Barujari volcanic cone. Bathymetric profiles show also several areas with columns of gas bubbles escaping from the lake floor indicating a significant discharge of CO gas into the lake. The mass and energy balance model of Rinjani Crater Lake produce total heat lost value on the average of 1700 MW. Most of the heating periods of the lake occurred when the heat released by the surface of the lake to the atmosphere was lower than the heat supplied from the hydrothermal system. Peaks of heat losses correspond to period of strong winds. Crater lake monitoring can provide a basic information about deep magmatic activity and surface processes that occur in the volcano. The monitoring also contributes to predict the next eruption in order to improve mitigation of volcanic eruption. Precursory signals of the May 2009 eruption can be seen from significant changes in the temperature and chemistry of some of the hot springs, the increase of Fe concentrations in spring #54, chemical plume of low pH and dissolved oxygen, acidification of Segara Anak Lake, and increasing of lake surface temperatures. The new lava flow from May - August 2009 eruption covers an area of 650,000 m2. The shoreline was significantly modified by the entry of lava into Segara Anak Lake. The area of the lake is reduced by 460,000 m2.

Geothermal Prospect Selection Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP): A Case Study in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia Suryantini Suryantini; H. Wibowo
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 5, No 4 (2010)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v5i4.107Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a Multi Criterion Decision Making (MCDM) Technique. It can handle any complex, multicriterion, and multiperson problems. In AHP, the problems are decomposed into a hierarchically structure and are given the weights according to its importance. Thus, the strength with which one alternative dominates another with respect to a given criterion can be identified. The output is a priority ranking indicating the overall preference for each decision alternative. This paper describes the application of AHP to select a geothermal prospect in Sulawesi Island to be developed in the near future. The alternatives consist of three geothermal prospects. i.e., Suwawa, Pulu, and Marana. Three major criteria are used and applied into those three prospects: Geoscience, Infrastructure, and Social-culture aspects. Under each of these major criteria, there are several subcriteria. Geoscience criterion which consists of Resources, Geothermal System, and Geological Risk Subcriteria is given the highest weight with the assumption that if resources are large and can be developed commercially, then there is no reason not to be exploited; the technology and other infrastructure aspects are no longer an obstacle. The result shows that Suwawa Prospect is the best option to be developed in the near future. The second option or rank is Marana Prospect, and the third is Pulu Prospect. This result is in agreement with the future plan of the development of Sulawesi Island. If the regulation and plan of development were suddenly changed, the goal of this AHP might not be appropriate anymore, and the second or third option might replace the first rank. The benefits of using AHP are (1) the facts and reasons behind the decision are well documented, (2) able to handle quantitative and qualitative inputs, (3) able to accommodate environmental, social and other influences, and (4) able to handle subjective judgments of individuals. Lessons learned from AHP application for geothermal prospect selection could be extended into multi criterion decision making at a group level.

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Contact Name
Ivan Ferdian

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ivan.ijgbg@gmail.com

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Journal Mail Official
ivan.ijgbg@gmail.com

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Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA