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<![CDATA[Video streaming over Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol ]]>
<![CDATA[Othman O. Khalifa]]>;
<![CDATA[Diaa Eldin Mustafa Ahmed]]>;
<![CDATA[Aisha Hassan Abdalla Hashim]]>;
<![CDATA[Mudathir Yagoub]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1510
<![CDATA[Video streaming is content sent in compressed form over the netwoks and viwed the users progressively. The transmission of video with the end goal that it can be prepared as consistent and nonstop stream. The point is that to give client support to client at anyplace and at whatever time. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are considered an attractive nertwork for information transmission in many applications where the customer programme can begin showing the information before the whole record has been transmitted. Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol is considered as one of the most important routing protocols in MANET. However, routing protocols assume a crucial part in transmission of information over the network. This paper investigates the performance of AODV Routing Protocol under video traffic over PHY IEEE 802.11g. The protocol model was developed in OPNET. Different outcomes from simulation based models are analyzed and appropriate reasons are also discussed. A different scenarios of video streaming were used. The metric in terms of throughput, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio and routing overhead were measured. A comparision with GRP and GRP are also reported.]]>
<![CDATA[Distinctive features for normal and crackles respiratory sounds using cepstral coefficients ]]>
<![CDATA[N. H. Mohd Johari]]>;
<![CDATA[Noreha Abdul Malik]]>;
<![CDATA[K. A. Sidek]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1517
<![CDATA[Classification of respiratory sounds between normal and abnormal is very crucial for screening and diagnosis purposes. Lung associated diseases can be detected through this technique. With the advancement of computerized auscultation technology, the adventitious sounds such as crackles can be detected and therefore diagnostic test can be performed earlier. In this paper, Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficient (LPCC) and Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) are used to extract features from normal and crackles respiratory sounds. By using statistical computation such as mean and standard deviation (SD) of cepstral based coefficients it can differentiate between crackles and normal sounds. The statistical computations of the cepstral coefficient of LPCC and MFCC show that the mean LPCC except for the third coefficient and first three statistical coefficient values of MFCC’s SD provide distinctive feature between normal and crackles respiratory sounds. Hence, LPCCs and MFCCs can be used as feature extraction method of respiratory sounds to classify between normal and crackles as screening and diagnostic tool.]]>
<![CDATA[Efficient 3D stereo vision stabilization for multi-camera viewpoints ]]>
<![CDATA[Sharif Shah Newaj Bhuiyan]]>;
<![CDATA[Othman O. Khalifa]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1518
<![CDATA[In this paper, an algorithm is developed in 3D Stereo vision to improve image stabilization process for multi-camera viewpoints. Finding accurate unique matching key-points using Harris Laplace corner detection method for different photometric changes and geometric transformation in images. Then improved the connectivity of correct matching pairs by minimizing the global error using spanning tree algorithm. Tree algorithm helps to stabilize randomly positioned camera viewpoints in linear order. The unique matching key-points will be calculated only once with our method. Then calculated planar transformation will be applied for real time video rendering. The proposed algorithm can process more than 200 camera viewpoints within two seconds.]]>
<![CDATA[Performance evaluation of video streaming on LTE with coexistence of Wi-Fi signal ]]>
<![CDATA[Y. J. I. A. Yaqoob]]>;
<![CDATA[W. L. Pang]]>;
<![CDATA[S. K. Wong]]>;
<![CDATA[K. Y. Chan]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1580
<![CDATA[The continuous growth in mobile data traffic and limited license wireless spectrum have led to dramatically increase the demand of the radio spectrum. It is widespread the concern about the coexistence of long term evolution (LTE) and Wi-Fi in the unlicensed band. There are several techniques have been proposed to enable the coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi in the unlicensed band, but these works are targeted on the impact of the LTE to the Wi-Fi network performance. An experiment is carried out in this work to evaluate the impact of Wi-Fi signal on the video streaming in the LTE network. The experimental test comprised of the national instrument (NI) universal software radio peripheral (USRP) 2953R that is controlled by the LabVIEW Communication LTE application framework. Extensiveexperiments are carried out under two scenarios, i.e. (1) Coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi signal, (2) LTE signal only. Performance evaluations are carried out with different Modulation and coding schemes (MCS) values and different mode of operations, i.e. frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) mode. The results illustrated that the interference from Wi-Fi signal caused the performance degradation of the LTE network in throughput and the power received by user equipment (UE).]]>
<![CDATA[Prediction of ammonia concentration in water based on microwave spectroscopy ]]>
<![CDATA[S. K. Yee]]>;
<![CDATA[S. C. J. Lim]]>;
<![CDATA[Z. H. Liew]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Z. N. Shaylinda]]>;
<![CDATA[N. T. J. Ong]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1599
<![CDATA[Ammonia is a common pollutant in water as the result of runoff in agricultural areas where it is applied as fertilizer. It must be monitored regulary for safety purpose. The current testing technique does not allow on-site measurement as the equipment are bulky, the measurement process is time-consuming and tedious with additional mixing reagents. In this study, the presence of ammonia in distilled water is estimated from open-ended coaxial probe in the range of 200 MHz to 14000 MHz. Experimental results were obtained from two set of samples with seven different ammonia concentration each. The measurements are repeated thrice hence producing forty-two data sets with 550 points. Both curve fitting and multiple regression analysis were considered to perform valid ammonia concentration projection. Validation based on 5-fold and 10-fold cross validation suggested the feasibility of the technique as it presents root mean square error (RMSE) which is less than 0.02 in the ammonia prediction. Detection method based on open-ended probe would be convenient, simple and accurate method for in-situ determination of ammonia concentration.]]>
<![CDATA[Designing large-scale antenna array using sub-array ]]>
<![CDATA[Naimul Mukit]]>;
<![CDATA[Md. Rafiqul Islam]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamed Hadi Habaebi]]>;
<![CDATA[A. H. M. Zahirul Alam]]>;
<![CDATA[Khaizuran Abdullah]]>;
<![CDATA[Norun Farihah Abdul Malek]]>;
<![CDATA[Rauful Nibir]]>;
<![CDATA[Noor Hidayah M. Adnan]]>;
<![CDATA[Eid Osman]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1529
<![CDATA[Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to concentrate on the smaller sub-array before assembling larger arrays. So, by investigating the sub arrays the performance and radiation characteristics of large arrays can be anticipated. The array-factor for a planar sub-array of 2x2 (4 elements) is analyzed using Mat-lab software and then a large array is formed by placing the 2x2 sub-array indifferent configurations in a rectangular arrangements up to 8x8 planar array. And then the results are validated with CST (Computer simulation technology) simulation results.In this way the array-factors, directivities, HPBWs, and side lobes of the constructed large arrays are analyzed and associated with the small sub-array.]]>
<![CDATA[A miniaturized hairpin resonator for the high selectivity of WLAN bandwidth ]]>
<![CDATA[S. M. Kayser Azam]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad I. Ibrahimy]]>;
<![CDATA[S. M. A. Motakabber]]>;
<![CDATA[A. K. M. Zakir Hossain]]>;
<![CDATA[Md. Shazzadul Islam]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1496
<![CDATA[In this article, a miniaturized hairpin resonator has been presented to introduce the high selectivity of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bandwidth. In the construction of the hairpin resonator, short-circuited comb-lines are electrically coupled with the two longer edges of a rectangular-shaped loop. The hairpin resonator has been designed and fabricated with the Taconic TLX-8 substrate with a center-frequency at 2.45 GHz. The resonator exhibits a second order quasi-Chebyshev bandpass response. A low insertion loss has been found as -0.36 dB with a minimum return loss as -36.71 dB. The filtering dimension of this hairpin resonator occupies a small area of 166.82 mm2. This hairpin resonator is highly selective for the bandpass applications of the entire WLAN bandwidth.]]>
<![CDATA[3D FSS with multiple transmission zeros and pseudo elliptic response ]]>
<![CDATA[Bimal Raj Dutta]]>;
<![CDATA[Binod Kumar Kanaujia]]>;
<![CDATA[Chhaya Dalela]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1292
<![CDATA[The three-dimensional frequency selective surface (3D FSS) with band reject multiple transmission zeros and pseudo-elliptic response is designed from two-dimensional (2D) periodic array of shielded micro strip lines to realize wide out-of–band radio wave rejection. The 3D FSS array consists of multimode cavities whose coupling with air can be controlled to obtain a desired frequency range. The proposed FSS with shorting via to ground exhibits pseudo-elliptic band-reject response in the frequency range from 6GHz to 14GHz. As the plane wave of linear polarization incidents perpendicularly to the shielded micro strip line with perfect electric conductor (PEC) and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) boundary walls, two quasi-TEM modes are obtained known as air mode and substrate mode. The first 3D FSS design is a combination of two or more resonators. Furthermore, second 3D FSS design with three shorting vias result more elliptic band reject frequency response and a pass band transmission pole. All in phase resonators of design give transmission poles and out of phase combination of resonators give transmission zeros respectively. The proposed 3D FSS is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS software. These designs exhibit an improved performance for many practical applications such as antenna sub-reflector, and spatial filters.]]>
<![CDATA[On the analysis of received signal strength indicator from ESP8266 ]]>
<![CDATA[Rafhanah Shazwani Rosli]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamed Hadi Habaebi]]>;
<![CDATA[Md Rafiqul Islam]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1511
<![CDATA[Recently, the concept o Internet of Things has gained a tremendous momentum in the technological world. Internet of Things efficienty connects devices hence improving their quality of life from various aspects. One of the most heavily used device for Internet of Things application is ESP8266 WiFi serial transceiver module. It features access to the Received Signal Strength Indicator readings from the module. In this paper, a characteristic analysis of the Received Signal Strength Indicator readings collected using ESP8266 WiFi serial transceiver module is carried out. The aim is to explore the future possibilities of Received Signal Strength Indicator value as a stand-alone and unique parameter to be used in various applications especially in the domain of Internet of Things. In addition, the potential of the cheap yet sophisticated ESP8266 WiFi serial transceiver module is also highlighted. The findings have shown an insight into the characteristics of Received Signal Strength Indicator readings and how it can be utilized for other different purposes. The findings have brought up a few stimulating issues that may arise from some implementation of Received Signal Strength Indicator readings such as the significant effect of obstruction in the Line of Sight. However, its solution will thrust the Internet of Things’ technological advancementsahead.]]>
<![CDATA[Long range channel characteristics through foliage ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurul Afifah Binti Masadan]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamed Hadi Habaebi]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Hajar Yusoff]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1489
<![CDATA[Long Range Low Power Wide Area Network (LoRa LPWAN) technology is unique and remarkable technology because of its long-range coverage, low power consumption and low cost system architecture. These features have allowed Lora LPWAN to become a favorable option for performing communication in most of IoT wireless applications. In this paper, the foliage effect has been studied in terms of attenuation and its overall contribution to the path-loss and link budget calculations. Specifically, 5 tree types were studied and their contribution to the path loss were quantified for different path crossings (e.g., trunk, tree-top and branches). The trees are Licuala Grandis, Mimusops Elengi, Mangifera Indica, Cyrtostachys Renda and Livistona Chinensis. Mimusops Elengi tree gave the strongest mean foliage attenuation accumulating up to 20 dB, due to its big size and crown density. Trunks contribute even higher attenuation in comparison to tree-tops and branches. The Okumura/Hata, Log-normal shadowing and foliage models are used as references for this propagation models development in this paper. Our study showed that Okumura fails to capture the effect of foliage in an environment rich in trees and biodiversity. This demonstrates the need for considering the tropical environment where the characterization of foliage attenuation plays an important role in determining the propagation model path-loss and link budget needed for network design and planning.]]>
