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INDONESIA
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
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Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012" : 8 Documents clear
Optimasi Pemupukan NPK pada Kedelai untuk Mempertahankan Kesuburan Tanah dan Hasil Tinggi di Lahan Sawah Achmad Ghozi Manshuri
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Factors causing a low soybean productivity in Indonesia among the others is the inoptimum availability of nutrients. Report had indicated that the N, P, and K nutrients balance in soybean production centers of lowlands tend to be negative, caused by inbalance fertilization practices and habit of the farmers to take the entire crop harvest off the land. It was estimated that deficit at 45 to 50 kg N, 0 to 4 kg of P, and 0 to 30 kg K/ha happened when rice was harvested, crop yielded 6 t/ha in low land. From an average soybean yields of 1 t/ha, it took nutrient off the land of about 70 kg N, 7 kg P, and 43 kg K/ha. There is an indication the occurance of the hidden hunger symptoms of N and P in some farmers’ lands. Fertilization of N and P had increased grain yield, but the increase was not high enough to convince farmers. For that reason, usually N and P fertilization was not applied. Farmers also choose not to fertilize the soybean crop, because it is not profitable. The policy of not recommending fertilization on to the hidden hunger lands needs to be revised, because in the long run it will not beneficial for the sustainability of the soil fertility and productive farming. The principle of optimization of N, P, and K fertilization is to apply fertilizers as much as plants’ need to reach the targeted yield and to conserve the nutrient status in the soil. Thus, it could result in soybean yield increases and maintains soil fertility. The recommendation of N, P, and K optimization on soybean plants can be performed: 1) based on the analysis of the status of N, P, and K soil, 2) optimization of fertilization of N, P, and K based on the agronomic efficiency of N, P, and K.
Perkembangan Biotipe Hama Wereng Coklat pada Tanaman Padi Baehaki S. E.
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

The Brown planthopper (BPH) had attacked rice in Darmaga-Bogor since 1939, followed attacks in Yogyakarta and Mojokerto in 1940. In 1967, Indonesian goverment introduced high yielding rice varieties IR5 and IR8 with no resistance gene against BPH. In 1971 the explosion of BPH occured, because the BPH produced biotype 1. In 1975, to overcome the BPH biotype 1 outbreak, variety IR26 carrying resistant genes Bph1 was introduced, but in 1976 again an outbreak of BPH occured due to the BPH population had changed from biotype 1 to biotype 2. In 1980, to overcome the BPH biotype 2 rice variety IR42 (with resistant genes bph2) was introduced from IRRI, but in 1981 the outbreak occurred in Simalungun, North Sumatra and some other areas, because the BPH population had changed from biotype 2 to biotype 3. To overcome the BPH biotype 3 rice variety IR56 (Bph3 resistance gene) had been introduced in 1983 and rice variety IR64 carrying resistant genes Bph1+ in 1986. In 1991 seed of variety IR74 carrying resistant genes Bph3 was distributed. In 2006, resistance gene for BPH population in IR64 had brokendown, due to BPH population had changed to biotype 4. The stability of BPH biotype 0 had survived for 41 years before becoming BPH biotype 1. Changes of BPH biotype 1 to BPH biotype 2 took just four years, and changes of BPH biotype 2 to BPH biotype 3 required of only 5 years. Stability of BPH biotype 3 was the longest, from 1981 up to 2005, or about 24 years, of which the BPH population stable in biotype 3. The occurance of BPH biotype 3 was quite long times, due to the double genes resistant on variety IR64 (Bph1+) which resulted in a sustainable, durable resistance, acting as a buffer against the changes in BPH to more higher order of biotype. To stabilize the state of BPH biotype, various strategies are recommended, including varietal rotations and growing many varieties in one area to prevent a directional selection against new BPH biotype. Growing variety containing resistance gene to higher order of BPH is also prohibited.
Menuju Swasembada Kedelai Melalui Penerapan Kebijakan yang Sinergis I K. Tastra; Erliana Ginting; Gatot S.A. Fatah
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

As a protein source and functional food, soybean has a strategic value in supporting sustainable national food security. Currently, domestic soybean production is only 32% of the national needs, while the balance is imported. Therefore, the improvement of soybean national production system as a sub-system of national food security is essential. The first step to improve the performance of soybean production system is to identify the main succeptible parameters that would dictate the sustainability of soybean production system leading to selfsufficiency. Strategic improvement of soybean production system should be performed through simultaneously empowering all parameters of component technologies so that the sinergic impacts can be gained by farmers as producers, processors/industries and users and consumers. However, this strategy needs support and appropriate policies from the government through reposition of BULOG (National Logistic Agency) function in soybean trade arrangement as well as providing price insentive to both farmers and soybean food processors in case of price fluctuation. This is similar to protection mechanism performed by some developed countries to their farmers. Using a simulation model, 15 scenarios are obtained to suit different agroecosystem of soybean producing areas leading to soybean self-sufficiency in 2015. Based on verification of this model using soybean production figures from 2009 to 2010, scenario 4 is selected which consists of a combination input of extended area program (15% per year), increase in productivity, population and soybean consumption ( 4%, 1.5% and 1.0% per year, respectively) and decrease of postharvest losses (2%).
Varietas Unggul Baru Padi untuk Mengantisipasi Ledakan Penyakit Tungro Ladja, Fausiah T.; Widiarta, I Nyoman
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Rice tungro disease is an important disease of rice, caused by viruses, transmitted by green leafhopper. Tungro virus infection reduces rice yield up to 90%. If the plants were infected in the vegetative stage it might caused total loss. Tungro is endemic in South Sulawesi, Bali, West Java and Central Java. The outbreak might occur due to the effect of climate changes, either directly or indirectly. Higher temperatures shortens the life cycles of the insect vector and also fastens virus development. Presently, the chances of tungro disease spread to become an outbreaks are increasing. The use of resistant varieties is an alternative to control tungro disease. Resistant varieties can be categorized into green leafhoppers resistant, and virus resistant. In Indonesia, four green leafhoppers resistance genes had been used in breeding for green leafhoppers resistance, namely Glh 1, glh 4, Glh 5, and Glh 6, while recently virus resistant parent such Balimau Putih, Utri Merah, and TKM6 had been used to breed virus resistant varieties to anticipate the outbreaks of tungro disease as a result of climate changes. The newly released tungro virus resistant varieties, were: Tukad Unda, Tukad Balian, Tukad Petanu, Kalimas, Bondoyudo, Inpari 7 Lanrang, Inpari 8, and 9 Inpari Elo. Hybrid rice varieties named HiPa-3 and HiPa-4 were also reported as resistant to tungro virus. Rotational planting of green leafhopper resistant varieties could no longer be recommended in areas where green leafhopper populations had adapted to all classes of varities. Therefore the recommendation of the use of resistant varieties should be based on the varietal suitability map to the green leafhopper biotype, as well as to the virus strain.
Potensi Sorgum sebagai Bahan Pangan Fungsional Suarni Suarni
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

The advantage of sorghum as food is that it has rich in functional food components. Various antioxidants, trace elements especially iron, dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, -glucans, including non-starch polysaccharide carbohydrate components (NSP) is contained in the sorghum grain, making potential as a source of functional food. The uniqueness of sorghum is that tannin and phytic acid each has characteristics of negative and positive impact on health. The antioxidant property of tannins is higher than vitamin E and C, and the antioxidant anthocyanin in sorghum is more stable. Functional food elements that contain bioactive components give physiological effects including strengthening the bodys immune system, regulate the rhythm of physical conditions, slow down aging, and help prevent degenerative disease. Utilization of sorghum in diversified processed products requires proper processing technology so the functional food components remain in the ready to consume food product. Thus, sorghum is not an inferior food, but actually a superior ones. Increasing the societys knowledge and awareness on the maintaining of health is an important step for choosing a diet. Sorghum-based product not only contains functional food components but also is suitable to people with gluten allergies. The availability of good local and improved varieties of sorghum needs to be utilized more intensively on food processing.
Pupuk Majemuk dan Pemupukan Hara Spesifik Lokasi pada Padi Sawah Zulkifli Zaini
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

The government had reduced fertilizer subsidy since 1st April 2010, which increased fertilizer price by 25-40%. Fertilizer price is predicted to further increasing, thus farmers must be more efficient in using fertilizer for their rice field. Landholding for rice farmers in Indonesia is mostly small and varying. Farming practices vary among farmers and among fields, therefore crop needs for nutrient inputs vary greatly among fields. For this reason we are suggesting the need for the formulation of up to three types of NPK fertilizers for rice in Indonesia: (a) NPK source with ratio about 1:1:1 as in Phonska, (b) NK source for application as topdressing to obtain high yield on land without application of crop residues and organic matter, or K soil is deficient, and (c) NP source with 1:1 ratio for N:P, for use in situation where yield was low and high application of crop residues or organic matter, or high soil supply of K. IAARD in collaboration with IRRI had developed the Nutrient Manager for Rice, an interactive computer-based decision tool, which provides fertilizer guideline for a rice field, based on the response to “easy-to-answer multiple choice questions”. The web application of Nutrient Manager for Rice for Indonesia was released by Minister of Agriculture and could be accessed through http://webapps.irri.org/nm/id. It became evident that extension workers could be reached faster through internet to improve their knowledge for fertilizer management in Indonesia. The target users are (a) AIAT extensionist, (b) field extension, and (c) progress farmers. With SSNM technology, it is expected that the use of fertilizer by farmers it more rational, and at the same time increase rice production as well as farmers’ incomes.
Posisi Varietas Bersari Bebas dalam Usahatani Jagung di Indonesia Zubachtirodin Zubachtirodin; Firdaus Kasim
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

High yielding maize varieties had contributed significant yield increase in the national maize production. High yielding varieties were established from series of activities on germplasm improvement. The products of maize germplasm improvement are classified into open pollinated variety and hybrid variety. In Indonesia, before the year of 2000 germplasm improvement were focussed on open pollinated variety development, due to its low cost, and the seed can be produced easily, when commercial maize seed industries had not developed. During this period, several open pollinated varieties were released (i.e. Harapan, Arjuna, Kalingga, and Bisma) possesing high yield potential, mid-early maturity, resistance to downy mildew disease, and adaptative to various environments. The OP varieties during those period dominated farmers’ maize planting area. In the last 10-years, hybrid varieties were developed by commercial maize seed industries, therefore, the use of open pollinated varieties were decreasing. Farmers shifted their interest to high yielding varieties. The OP varieties were less supported by government, and seed production subsystem was weakened. However for the less developed farming interprises, open pollinated varieties are still needed, thus the seeds are distributed in sufficient quantities to the local seed growers. The flow of seeds from the foundation seed, stock seed, to the extension seed, however, is unreliable due to the uncertainty of the markets. In eastern part of Indonesia open pollinated varieties are still played its importance, especially variety Lamuru, Sukmaraga, Srikandi Kuning and Anoman. Strong support from the goverment is needed to establish and develop the seed supply system, including the seed procurement for the seed assistance program.
Pembentukan Varietas Jagung Komposit Kaya Vitamin Provit A1 dan Provit A2 M. Yasin H.G.; Syahrir Mas'ud; Faesal Faesal
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Open pollinated varieties could be developed through intra and inter population improvement. High yielding variety could be obtained by repetitive cycles of selection to generate families, to be evaluated and to be recombined. Provit-A maize variety has a high vitamin-A (beta-Carotene), up to 8-15 µg/g where normal maize contains 1.0 µg/g. Provit-A maize was developed from population Obatanpa(Pro-A)BC1C2-F2 and KUI Carotenoid Syn, which contains beta-carotene 4.1 and 8.0 µg/g, compared to normal maize variety Sukmaraga and Srikandi Kuning-1 of only 2.40 and 1.90 µg/g. Yield potential of Provit A variety is 6.0-7.0 t/ha, 17.1-22.0% more compared to normal maize. Beta carotene is recommended to overcome blindness in child age. Provit-A variety is recommended to be grown in the eastern part of Indonesia to be used as foods supplement or subtituting wheat. Isolated farm is needed to produce seed as well as for the location of training for farmers and extention workers.

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