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INDONESIA
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
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Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012" : 8 Documents clear
Pengendalian Hama Terpadu: Pendekatan dalam Mewujudkan Pertanian Organik Rasional Arifin, Muhammad
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

In a strict organic farming, cultivation techniques rely on natural organic inputs, avoiding the use of synthetic chemicals, such as inorganic fertilizers and chemical pesticides. To implement such farming techniques many problems are faced by farmers such as in obtaining land which had not been contaminated by chemicals. Newly opened lands which are isolated from intensively cultivated area are very vulnerable to pests and diseases. Therefore, to attain food self-sufficiency, the right choice could be a rational organic farming applying Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach. The rational organic farming allows the use of inorganic fertilizers along with the organic fertilizers in a balanced manner, and rational use of synthetic chemical pesticides as needed, based on food safety and ecology. The challenge is how to motivate farmers to produce organic fertilizers, biopesticides, and then to apply it in a system of rational organic farming.
Kajian Penyediaan Varietas Jagung untuk Lahan Suboptimal Sutoro, Sutoro
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Hybrid and composite maize varieties are cultivated under different soil types in uplands and lowlands, as well as under suboptimum condition. Drought stress, acidic soil, and low fertility could be overcome by using adaptive cultural techniques coupled with planting of maize varieties which adaptive to abiotic stress. The number of maize varieties adaptive to abiotic stress was still limited, therefore development of corn hybrid and composite varieties should be done under specific environment. Maize hybrids produce more yield than do composite varieties, but composite varieties are more adaptive to less productive environments. Composite (synthetic or open pollinated) varieties are needed to increase maize production under suboptimum condition and to increase farmer’s income. Seeds of maize varieties adaptive to suboptimum condition need to be produced and distributed to farmers by involving seed growers and farmers groups.
Model Penangkaran Benih Jagung Berbasis Komunitas Ramlah Arief; Zubachtirodin Zubachtirodin
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

The model of maize seed production based on community in farmers’ fields was aimed to meet the demand of high quality of maize seed at the right time. As in many African countries, maize seed production by farmers was the solution for the timely seed demand. A model of seed production to supply maize seed by community had been carried out in some provinces of Indonesia, i.e. NTT, NTB, South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and South Kalimantan. Most of the maize seed production model were collaboration between group of farmers and local seed company. Maize seed produced by farmers were depending on the seed company demand. The sustainability of the community based maize seed productions is depending on the availability of source seeds, market demand and processing facilities. Collaboration between farmers’ seed growers with private and public sectors is the key for the success of community based seed production.
Perilaku Pembungaan Galur-galur Tetua Padi Hibrida Yuni Widyastuti; I. A. Rumanti; Satoto Satoto
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is naturally a selfpollinated crop, although outcrossing rate of 0.5 to 6.8% had been observed in some genotipes. In hybrid rice breeding, outcrossing ability of parental lines is expected to increase seed set. The successful of hybrid rice seed production is affected by floral characteristics, synchronous of parental line flowering, and other morphological characters which affect pollen transfer from male parent (B or R line) to female parent (A line). Some rice agronomic characters such as number of productive tillers per hill, number of spikelets per panicle, plant height, narrow and short of flag leaf, also panicle exertion, could affect outcrossing rate. The floral characteristics of A line such as: stigma and stylus size, stigma exertion, stigma receptivity period, angle of floret, period of the spikelet opening, and panicle exerted above flag leaf, are also affecting the outcrossing rate. However, the flowering characteristic of male parent (B or R line) such as: anther size, filament length, number of pollen per anther, percentage of exerted anther and duration of spikelet opening, are also contributing to the rate of outcrossing. Study of heritability and genetic variability analysis revealed that all characters supporting outcrossing could be improved by breeding. The environmental factors that affect outcrossing in rice are temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, and wind speed.
Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu dan Teknologi Pilihan Petani: Kasus Sulawesi Selatan Maintang Maintang
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Integrated Crop Management (ICM) is an approach in managing land, water, plant and pest in an integrated manner. The ICM had been implemented as a pilot model by the government to increase national rice production. To encourage further for its adoption by farmers, the Government launched the Integrated Crop Management Field School (ICMFS) since 2009. ICM emphasizing on farmers’ participation, site-specific technology, integration, synergy dynamic values and offers technology options as basic components and optional choices. In most areas generally ICM was reported as successful in increasing productivity of rice and more efficient in using production inputs. In South Sulawesi, field studies showed that farmers did not implement all components technology that was introduced as a whole. They had discretion in applying the technology, especially those which had impact on high productivity and easy to apply. For example, the application of organic fertilizer and planting using legowo pattern fell dramatically after farmers were no longer involved in the ICMFS. The unavailability of organic fertilizer and no apparent improvement in productivity from the use of organic fertilizer and the difficulty in applying a legowo pattern were the reasons that farmers were no longer apply the two components. Similarly with the intermittent irrigation, the use of LCC, and the planting young seedlings. This conditions need to be considered in the development of next ICM. Emphasizing two or three most effective components of technology on crop yields and easiness of its adoption seemed to have a greater attention than to encourage farmers to implement all components technology. The success of ICM was determined by the appropriateness of the technology selection and its application quality in the field.
Kajian Sumber Bahan Bakar Nabati Berbasis Sorgum Manis Marcia B. Pabendon; M. Aqil; S. Mas'ud
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Sweet sorghum has potential as a crop for producing energy to substitute fossil fuel through the production of ethanol, extracted from the biomass. To produce ethanol not only the stalks of sweet sorghum that can be used, the baggase and the grains are also readily to be processed into ethanol. Sweet sorghum could be grown on the existing dry lands so there is no need for clearing the rainforests. Sweet sorghum is considered easier and cheaper to grow than are other biofuel crops, and it does not require irrigation, so it could be planted in dry areas.
Epidemiologi, Patotipe, dan Strategi Pengendalian Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri pada Tanaman Padi Sudir Sudir; B. Nuryanto; Triny S. Kadir
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice is an important disease on rice in rice-producing countries, including in Indonesia. The disease is caused by the bacterium of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Pathogen infected leaf of rice plants in all plant growth stages, from nursery to harvest. Symptom on the vegetative phase of plant is called kresek and that at the generative phase is called as blight. When the attack occurred in the generative phase, grain filling process was halted, resulting in less than perfect kernels. Yield losses due to the bacterial blight disease varied between 15 to 80%, depending on the crop stadia when the diseases occurred. BLB disease development is strongly influenced by environmental factors, especially moisture, temperature, method of cultivation, varieties and rate of nitrogen fertilization. It is therefore recommended that BLB control is integrated with other methods that would suppress the progress of the disease. Resistant varieties are considered as a key component in an integrated disease control of BLB. But this technology is hampered by the ability of the pathogen to adapt and to form new pathotipes which are more virulent, so that varietal resistance is easily broken. BLB disease control by planting resistant varieties must be adapted to the existing pathotipe. Monitoring and mapping the composition and distribution of bacterial Xoo pathotipe are indispensable as basic recommendation of BLB control. Planting resistant varieties according to the presence pathotipe occurrence could minimize the disease severity.
Konsep Pelestarian Sumber Daya Lahan Pertanian dan Kebutuhan Teknologi Sumarno Sumarno
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 7, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Agricultural lands in Indonesia mostly consist of sloping lands, which succumb to rapid degradation. Agricultural land conservation is defined as: “A total land management system, including a productive and profitable farming operation, integrated with all actions of conservation, preservation and improvement the quality of agricultural lands, coupled with the ecological quality maintenance, to obtain a sustainable production system (TAC 1988). Conservation of agricultural land should meet the following criteria (TAC 1988, Havener 1989): (1) As an integral part of crop production technology and farming system; (2) building farmers’ awareness based on the knowledge, usefulness and advantages of the conservation; (3) applying proper and effective technology in a continuous manner; (4) involving soil-water conservation extension personel; (5) providing a technology demonstration in a form of conservation model; (6) avaiable a reliable handbook easily read by extension workers and by farmers. Extension program for soil and water conservation on agricultural lands becomes an important need in Indonesia, due to the following reasons: (1) degradation of the agricultural lands had occured in all agroecological system; (2) high monsoon rainfall damaging the agricultural resources; (3) agricultural lands mostly situated on the sloping and hilly areas; (4) rapid water flow and relatively short rivers affected high degree of soil erosion; (5) intensive cropping in all year round renders soil susceptible to surface erosion; (6) water absorbtion capacity in the upper water catchment area is low and the top soil is shallow, resulting in erosion and flood; (7) proportion of permanent forest to total land area is small due to the high population density; (8) proportion of poor farmers is high, affecting on exploitative farming practices. The main actors on soil and water conservation are farmers, therefore conservation must be integrated into farming operations. Training on social and technical aspects of soil conservation must be given to the extension agents, so that they are able to develop material for the extension to farmers based on the local needs. Neglecting the extension program on agricultural land-conservation, implying that the government has intentionaly abandon the need on sustainable agriculture for the future generations.

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