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INDONESIA
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 1 (2014): Juni 2014" : 5 Documents clear
Teknologi untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas dan Keuntungan Usahatani Ubikayu di Lahan Kering Ultisol Budhi S. Radjit; Y. Widodo; N. Saleh; N. Prasetiaswati
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 1 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

As a high producer of carbohydrate crop, cassava is suitable to be used for food, feed, and as raw materials for energy, food and non-food industries. Increasing food demand due to the increase of population, coupled with increasing feed and cassava based industries, have stimulated a sharp increases on the cassava demand, while the cassava production during the last ten years had increased by only 3.6% per year. To meet those demands, increasing cassava production through the expansion of harvested areas and improved productivity are required. Cassava in Indonesia, is mostly planted on Ultisol lands, which are distributed in Kalimantan, Sumatera, Maluku, Papua, and Sulawesi. Research on Ultisol in Natar South Lampung, Sulusuban Central Lampung, Kotabumi North Lampung, and Pekalongan East Lampung had identified cassava improved variety Litbang UK-2, Malang-6, Adira-4 and Kaspro as variety adapted to Ultisol. Production technique consisted of deep land preparation, 100 cm x 80 cm plant spacing, fertilization of kg urea, 200 kg SP36, 200 kg KCl, 500 kg dolomit, and 5 tons of cattle manure/ha, and herbicide weeding was reported to produce up to 60 tons of fresh cassava/ha, and to give profit up to Rp 38,456,000/ha, with the B/C ratio of 1.33 to 3.17. The technique was considered feasible to be developed in wider areas of Ultisols. Cassava production development requires the planting material production scheme, followed by promotion of new improved varieties and production technology. Capital support from the Government loan or fair cooperation with the investor giving gurantee for stable and fair prices is needed.
Wereng Cokelat sebagai Hama Global Bernilai Ekonomi Tinggi dan Strategi Pengendaliannya Baehaki S. E.; Made Jana Mejaya
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 1 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Brown planthopper (BPH) is a global rice pest, widespread in the Palaeartik, Oriental, and Australian regions. This pest had caused high losses of economic value, both as yield losses and as funds, to be used for research in the technological control. Both nymphs and adults of BPH are damaging on rice plants, through an extensive sucking of the cell sap. BPH also transmits viruses, thus increases level of BPH infestation occasionally are accompanied by substantial losses of rice crop by virus diseases resulting in hopperburn. Countries most affected by BPH attacks and had spent high number of funds to control are China, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. BPH attack disrupts the nutrient uptake processes occurring on the roots, whereas the rice roots are not only playing a major role in taking up nutrients and water, but also functioning as sites for biosynthesis of substances that affect physiological activities, such as cytokinins, zeatin, and zeatin riboside. Senescence process of the leaves, transportation and distribution of assimilates, grain flling, and grain yield are closely correlated with the function of root systems of the rice plant. Strategy for BPH control includes assembling durable resistance of rice varieties using the available germplasm, tightening resistant line screening, action program such as simultaneous planting based on triangle strategies, increasing the use of light traps to monitor the populations dynamic and reducing insect populations. Control of brown planthopper using insecticides should consider the latest economic threshold, depending on the price of grain at harvest.
Karakteristik Varietas Unggul Kacang Tanah dan Adopsinya oleh Petani Kasno, Astanto; Harnowo, Didik
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 1 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Improved variety of peanut has an important role as a component technology in the production improvement program. However, the adoption of improved varieties of peanuts is still lack behind, when to be compared with those of rice or hybrid maize. Adaptive local varieties of peanut are still dominating the crop area, although improved varieties have higher productivity, mature earlier, and tolerant to some biotic and abiotic stresses. Out of 34 officially released varieties, consisting of 26 spanish type and 8 valencia type, only a few are popular to peanut farmers. Relatively old varieties, namely Gajah (released in 1950) and Kelinci (released in 1986) are more accepted by farmers compare to the newly released varieties. Approximately 50 percent of the peanut crop area are planted with local varieties. Seed unavailability and high seed price during the planting time seems to be the factors causing the slow of new variety adoption, coupled with the lack of information regarding new varieties from the extension agent to farmers. Very low seed multiplication rate (10 kg of seed obtained from 1 kg seed planted) and rapid loss of seed germination, has discouraged seed producers from providing peanut seed to farmers. Preference for kernel characteristics among user (industries, consumers, traders, farmers) need to be elucidated to match the characters of improved varieties to be developed through the breeding program. The capacity of providing breeder seed (BS) by the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) was only about 15% of the total required, needs to be improved. To back up the existing seed movement among fields and seasons, peanut estate needs to be developed, especially in the peanut production centres. Concerted efforts involving farmers group, agricultural services, extension agent and traders, are required to push peanut productivity.
Adopsi Varietas Unggul Kacang Hijau di Sentra Produksi Trustinah Trustinah; B. S. Radjit; N. Prasetiaswati; Didik Harnowo
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 1 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Mungbean varieties possessing characteristics of early maturing (55-65 days), drought tolerance, and adaptive on less fertile soil, are considered as having good potential to be developed in the sub-optimal farm lands. The other advantage of growing mungbean, it is complementary with rice nutrition, by which rice protein is enriched by a rich mungbean lysine. At the farm level, mungbean can improve farmers’ nutritions and income. Mungbean crop in Indonesia covers 297,315 ha with the total production of 341,342 ton and the productivity of 1.15 t/ha. The mungbean production centers include Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi, West Java and East Nusa Tenggara, where they contribute around 91.7 percent to the national production. Variety is a component technology which is easily adopted and safe for the environment. Planting high yielding mungbean varieties had proven to increase the grain productivity in most areas. Types of varieties preferred by farmers varied among regions. The availability of many high yielding mungbean varieties, therefore, allow farmers to select the most suitable ones for their environment. However, not all released varieties had been planted by farmers. The choices of mungbean varieties among farmers generally consider the productivity, consumer preference, and the grain price. Some farmers prefer mungbean with dull seed color while other prefers glossy large or small seeds. The mungbean varieties with small seed, commonly is used for beansprouts. Several mungbean high yielding varieties had been adopted in the farming system of the production centers. Introduction of new varieties with seed characteristics preferred by farmers, followed by demostration plots, and the seed are to be produced by local seed producers are strategy for accelerating the adoption of new varieties.
Perakitan dan Pengembangan Varietas Unggul Sorgum untuk Pangan, Pakan, dan Bioenergi Herman Subagio; Muh Aqil
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 1 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Sorghum crop has a potential to support the food-energy program in Indonesia.Sorghum contains high carbohydrate, antioxidants, minerals, protein and fiber. As a source of bioenergy, sorghum has the potential for substituting fossil fuel. High demand for sorghum in the international market gives an opportunity for Indonesia to produce the grain more, for domestic and export markets. To date, thirteen sorghum varieties had been released, each with specific characteristics, such as high-yielding, early maturing and wide adaptability. Sweet sorghum varieties (i.e. Super-1 and Super-2) are designated for producing ethanol to develop bioindustry in Indonesia. Optimizing the sorghum production is needed to provide material for the upstream and downstream industries. To avoid the landuse competition among crop commodities, sorghum production should be expanded to the marginal lands and the non-productive lands in central and eastern part of Indonesia. Strong government support is needed to establish the seed production subsystem, followed by seed procurement for the crop expansion program. To improve the germplasm background on the varietal development, local strains as genetic resources should be explored to be used on the development of sorghum varieties for specific environment.

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