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INDONESIA
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014" : 5 Documents clear
Jagung Berbiji Putih sebagai Bahan Pangan Pokok Alternatif M. Yasin H.G.; Wem Langgo; Faesal Faesal
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

White grain maize has a good potensial for an alternative staple food, because it has an affinity to rice, in terms of its physical appearance, chemical properties and taste. As apposed to the yellow maize, white maize is characterized by lacking of carotenoid pigmentasion. Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) had released four improved white maize varieties, namely “Anoman 1” and “Srikandi Putih 1” as open pollinated variety, and “Bima Putih 1” and “Bima Putih 2” as hybrid variety. Anoman 1 is drought tolerance, while Srikandi Putih 1 contains high protein quality, where the lysine amino acid content is twice as much as that of regular grain maize. The grain of Anoman 1 variety contains carbohydrate as much as that of rice or wheat. Growing improved variety of white maize, coupled with proper fertilization, could increase grain yield three times more compares to yield of local variety. Procedures and techniques for varietal improvement of the white maize is similar to those of regular yellow maize. Farmers group with some training could become a seed producer of an open pollinated variety, whenever the seeds are needed. Small scale farmers are suggested to grow an open-pollinated variety, but if the market demands are increasing, hybrid variety is considered feasible to be recommended. Yield potential of hybrid variety Bima Putih 1 and Bima Putih 2 is quite high, up to 10 t/ha day grain. Therefore, if the white grain maize is fully accepted for the national staple food, the national food sufficiency could be easily attained.
Dinamika Anjuran Dosis Pemupukan N, P, dan K pada Padi Sawah Ali Jamil; Sarlan Abdulrachman; Mahyuddin Syam
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Until 1960s, farmers planted rice only once in a year, due to the use of late maturing, 5 to 6 month varieties. Fertilizer recommendation rate to optimize productivity of those varieties was low, 20 to 40 kg N/ha. The Green Revolution technology introduced in the late 1960s which was characterized by the use of high-yielding varieties highly responsive to fertilizer, was then adopted in the BIMAS (Mass Intensification Guidance) Program. The successful program in increasing yield of rice was then followed by INMAS (Mass Intensification), INSUS (Special Intensification), and OPSUS (Special Operations) programs, where the more refined fertilizer recommendation rates had played an important role, which subsequently led Indonesia achieved rice selfsufficiency in 1984. The levelling-off of rice production which occurred in the late 1980s was then addressed by introducing SUPRA INSUS program, containing 10- technology components of D-package. The very high rate of fertilizer recommendation on the D-package had worried many parties for its inefficiency and negative effect on the environment. Research was then intensified on the fertilizer use efficiency, especially N fertilizer, including the application of urea super granules (USG), and sulfur coated urea (SCU). Green manures such as Azolla sp and Sesbania rostrata were also being studied as alternative for sources of N nutrient. The P and K nutrient status in the soil was mapped which was used as reference for the fertilizer allocation in each province, based on the map scale of 1: 250,000. The recommendation rate of fertilizer for the sub-district level, was developed based on the map scale of 1: 50,000. To optimize the use of fertilizers, soil test kit and leaf color chart (LCC) were recommended to be used by the extension agents, so that farmers could benefit from the more efficient use of N, P, and K fertilizers. Long-term fertilizer field trials had been conducted since 1970s, where the result had shown that in intensive paddy fields, P and K fertilizers did not need to be applied every season. With the current rapid advanced in technology information, farmers have an access for the recommendation rate of fertilizer for specific location via internet, smart phones, or conventional hand phone. The validation of the fertilizer recommendation, known as site specific nutrient management (SSNM), had been carried out in major rice producing provinces, which proved to give some benefits to farmers, through the use of lower rates of fertilizers but higher yields. SSNM had played an important role in the formulation of integrated crop management (ICM) approach, implemented in the national rice production program. The Expert System of Rice Cultivation (SIPADI) operated by using computer, could be used as a tool in providing recommendation for specific location rice technology package. Adoption of SSNM faces several challenges such as small land holding, of which farmers tend to buy “small quantity” of fertilizer but actually too much for his land. The subsidized fertilizer prices had also discouraged farmers from following the SSNM.
Dampak Insektisida Deltametrin Konsentrasi Subletal pada Perilaku dan Biologi Parasitoid Meilin, Araz; Praptana, R. Heru
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Parasitoids are natural enemies of insect pests that can be used for biological pest control. Effective performance of parasitoid on the insect pest can be disrupted by the use of insecticides. This paper discussed the effect of insecticides on parasitoids, as well as the effect of deltamethrin insecticide on the behavior and biology of parasitoids. The effect of insecticides on parasitoids generally was studied by using sublethal dosage. Review of literatures indicated that deltamethrin insecticide disturbed parasitoids which affected the nervous system, and ultimately changed the behavior and biology of parasitoids. Inappropriate use of insecticide in the field reduced the ability of parasitoids in controlling insect pests.
Penyakit Blas Pyricularia grisea pada Tanaman Padi dan Strategi Pengendaliannya Sudir Sudir; A. Nasution; Santoso Santoso; B. Nuryanto
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Blast disease caused by Pyricularia grisea, is one of the major rice disease constraining rice productivity in Indonesia. The disease formerly was found on the upland rice, but lately it became an important disease on the wetland rice in West Java, Central Java, and East Java. The shift of disease ecology was possibly due to the emergence of new races of the fungus, which became adaptive to the wetland, coupled with the high rate of N fertilizer and the non-resistance varieties planted by farmers. The disease epidemic is influenced by many factors, including macro and micro climates (season, temperature and humidity), cultivation technique, and rice varieties. Yield reduction due to the disease varied from light to heavy (100%), depending on the disease intensity. The recommended control technique is by way of integrated disease control, integrating cultivation techniques, resistant varieties, and fungicide sprays when necessary. Planting resistant varieties is the most economic, but the resistance is fastly broken over seasons and areas due to the existence of many races. Planting resistant varieties, therefore, should be supported by other control techniques. Choice of varieties containing resistant gene(s) matches with the pathogen race in the field is recommended. It is important, therefore, to monitor the composition of races in the area.
Peningkatan Produktivitas Kacang Tanah Melalui Penerapan Komponen Teknologi Kunci Eman Paturohman; Sumarno Sumarno
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 9, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Groundnut is a legume crop which is widely distributed in the tropical countries. Of the total world harvested area of 29.4 million ha, tropical countries in Asia and Africa accounted for 92%, while in North America, Central and South America only 5.6%. The productivities of groundnut in the world vary greatly, from 0.5 t/ha to 3.5 t/ha dry pod. The main limiting factors for groundnut productivity are drought stress and diseases incidences, especially leaf spot (Cercospora sp). Critical stage for water shortages which greatly reduces productivity is during the generative stadia, which starts from flowering to pod filling. For spanish type varieties which are widely planted in Indonesia, critical phase occurs at age from 35 to 80 days. The productivity of groundnut in Indonesia is low, similar to that in India, Ghana and Nigeria, the major groundnut producers in the world. Although many factors account for the low groundnut yield in Indonesia, the inadequate soil moisture and leaf diseases are considered as the two main causes. To improve the productivity of groundnut at the existing production centers, the provision of supplemental irrigation or by way of planting time adjustment so that the rainfalls supply sufficient soil moisture during the generative phase, followed by leaf disease control, are the two keys technology components that need to be adopted. Appropriate planting time and applying fungicide to control leaf diseases at about 50 and 65 days after planting, produced yield up to 2 t/ha dry pods or 1.5 t/ha of dry kernel. Advanced technology consisted of deep soil tillage, planting seeds on the ridges, mulching (covering the ridges) with polyethen plastic and supplementing irrigation, as is done in China, could obtain maximum productivity of 6 t to 8 t/ha dry pods. This technology needs to be tested in Indonesia to overcome the present groundnut stagnant low productivity.

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