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Rubikon: Journal of Transnational American Studies
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25412248     EISSN : 2654413X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon
Core Subject : Humanities,
Humanities
RUBIKON, Journal of Transnational American Studies (JTAS) specializes in American Studies especially transnational studies of the U.S. It is also intended to communicate American Studies issues and challenges. This journal warmly welcomes contributors from American Studies scholars, researchers, and those related to the discipline.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 2 (2017)" : 6 Documents clear
THE REPRESENTATIONS OF HOMOPHOBIA IN GAY-THEMED AMERICAN MOVIES 1990s–2010s Stella Maris Saraswati Mere
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1069.643 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/rubikon.v4i2.47876

Abstract

The United States is well-known for its acceptance of homosexuality. Nevertheless, homophobia remains a threat that endangers gay communities in the United States. Homophobia is an intriguing phenomenon for American filmmakers. Through gay-themed movies, those filmmakers intend to raise the awareness that homophobia is elusive to eradicate. This study scrutinizes the representations of homophobia in the United States as seen in gay-themed American movies. The study carries out Postnationalist America Studies as the paradigm of the study which encompasses the discussions of numerous phenomena in the United States. Also, the study applies theory of representation by Stuart Hall probing the representations of homophobia in gay-themed American movies of 1990s-2010s. The study uses nine gay-themed American movies of 1990s-2010s as the primary data of the research. The findings of the study show three representations of homophobia in the United States, which encompass religions, gender roles, heteronormativity, masculinity, and HIV/AIDS as the highlighted factors that incite homophobia. By highlighting those major factors of homophobia, the filmmakers come up with two major intentions. The first intention is the movies as means to criticize the society who conforms to strict religious beliefs, traditional gender roles, masculinity, and heteronormativity. The conformity has led the society to commit homophobia, hence making homophobia elusive to eradicate. The second intention is the movies are aimed at encouraging gay communities to keep fighting for their issues and equality.  Keywords: Homosexuality, Homophobia, the United States, Gay-themed American Movies
The Survival of Identity of Cherokee People in 20th Century as Depicted in Patricia Riley’s Damping Down the Road and Wisteria Ovi Harum Wulan
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1069.634 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/rubikon.v4i2.47877

Abstract

The lives of the Cherokee family in the 20th Century in Patricia Riley’s Damping Down the Road and Wisteriagive a description in how the characters in the family have different viewpoint on seeing Native American, Cherokee. The research is to find out the ways used by the Cherokee people to survive in the whites’ culture society and to find the reasons for the Cherokee people survive in such way. The research is conducted under American Studies discipline, by applying postnational paradigm. Moreover, mimicry, decolonization theory proposed by Frantz Fanon, to analyze the ways used by the characters to survive in the whites’ culture society and drive theory proposed by Clark L. Hull to answer the reason for the natives to survive in such ways.The research finds that both short stories are depicted to do mimicry and to keep their Cherokee culture. The characters who do mimicry are those who want to be accepted in the whites’ culture society meanwhile the characters who keep their Cherokee culture are those who have mission in maintaining the Cherokee culture for the next generation. By doing mimicry and keeping the traditional culture, they could survive in the whites’ culture society in order to show their existence. Keywords: Cherokee, whites’ culture, mimicry, decolonization, and drive theory
The Regaining Territory of the Ojibwa Tribe in Louise Erdrich’s The Birchbark House Book Series Ramadhina Ulfa Nuristama
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1069.628 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/rubikon.v4i2.47878

Abstract

Native American people have been experienced in confronting the white people. One of their experiences in confronting the white people is written in the Louise Erdrich’s literary works, an Ojibwa author. Native American authors have different point of view in telling about Native Americans because they and their ancestors have bitter experiences in dealing with the white people, especially the Ojibwa tribe’s experiences living in the America where other Native American tribes cannot survive their tribes. This research focuses on the struggles of the Ojibwa people in getting their territory and the reasons why the Ojibwa people try so hard in keeping their territory. This research uses historical approach in its analysis. The method used is qualitative method related to literature study by using the five books of The Birchbark House book series as the primary data of this research. There are several conclusions based on the analysis of the data. The Ojibwa people are able to maintain their tribal presence in America against the white people. They can defend their tribe by using their intelligence, courage, and self-confidence. As for the reasons they prefer to choose their own way in getting territory because of several factors such as beliefs, relatives, and natural conditions of the land. Keywords: Historical Approach, Indian Territory, Native American, Ojibwa.
From Suspended to Emergent Woman, An African American Criticism of Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God Simon Ntamwana
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/rubikon.v4i2.47879

Abstract

This paper discusses the rise of the woman from a downtrodden woman to an emergent subject through an assimilated subjugated woman in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God. It is based on the African American approach and Mary Helen Washington’s theory of black woman character types in African American literature.  It aims at identifying the woman character types in the novel and discussing the woman’s ascension from her patriarchal suspension into her emergence as an independent woman. Anchored on the hypothetical contention that the woman arises from suspension to emergence through assimilation phases, it was found out that during her gradual ascension and independence quest the woman subverts the oppressive patriarchy and its abusive masculinity and transforms it into a man equitably collaborating with her. Janie the protagonist born subservient to patriarchy like her grandmother Nannie fights to liberate herself through love and marriage. While the first marriage with Logan maintains her under patriarchal oppression, the second spousal union with Jody is a simulation of liberation that refrains her from public life and expression. Through gradual revolt against patriarchy, Janie reaches her desired woman selfhood in the third marriage with Tea Cake. Keywords: Suspended, Assimilated, Emergent, African American Literary Approach
Augustine Tolton’s Struggle as a Black Catholic against Discrimination as Portrayed in From Slave to Priest by Caroline Hamesath and They Called Him Father Gus by Roy Bauer Agnes Mira Damayanti
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1069.636 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/rubikon.v4i2.47880

Abstract

This thesis aims to analyze how Black Catholics overcome the discrimination against their life in American society during the nineteenth century and also to explore what are the impacts of Black Catholics struggle portrayed in the biographies entitled From Slave to Priest and They Called Him Father Gus. The interdisciplinary approach applied in this thesis are including literature, sociology, and the concept of time and macro to micro by McDowell are used to enhance the analysis of Black Catholics’ struggle against the discrimination that they got in American society during the nineteenth century.The findings of the thesis show that Black Catholics did some actions to overcome the discrimination against their life in American society. The actions done by Black Catholics are the sign that they work hard struggling against the discrimination from whites, Catholic Church, and Black Protestants. Also, since this thesis highlights the impact of Black Catholics’ struggle, it indicates that the struggle of Black Catholics, represented mostly by the struggle of Father Augustine Tolton, give the positive impacts such as maintaining the good relation among black and white Catholics, inspired Black Catholics to keep struggle for their faith and inspired the establishment of Black Catholics’ organizations. Key words: Black Catholics, Father Augustine Tolton, Struggle, Impacts
Racial Passing Practiced by Mulattoes: A New Historicist Reading of Nella Larsen’s Passing and Jessie Fauset’s Plum Bun” Desy Eka Fatmawati
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1069.64 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/rubikon.v4i2.47881

Abstract

Racial passing practice is the act of passing or disguising as white by mulattoes, and it became a phenomenon during Harlem Renaissance. Harlem Renaissance is an era when African American culture related to arts, literature, and music were greatly celebrated. This era can also be said as the most glamorous and happiest moment for African Americans since the antebellum era. Using two of the prominent racial passing narratives during Harlem Renaissance: Passing by Nella Larsen and Plum Bun by Jessie Fauset, this research aims to find the depiction of racial passing practice in the two narratives in order to get deeper understanding of the issue. This research is under American Studies paradigm of Post-nationalist to take into account the minorities’ perspective in understanding America. The minorities’ perspective in this context is from African American’s mixed raced descents (mulattoes). As the focus of this research is historical phenomenon, this research also applies New Historicism as an approach. Based on the analysis, racial passing practice was a reaction from white’s domination through Jim Crow laws, and African Americans considered racial passing practice as a form of both “fooling the white folks” and a betrayal to their “true people”. Keywords: Racial Passing, Mulattoes, Harlem Renaissance, Jim Crow, New Historicism

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