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INDONESIA
Pelita Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia
ISSN : 02150212     EISSN : 24069574     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebuna
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Pelita Perkebunan, Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal (CCRJ): ISSN:0215-0212 Since its establishment in 1911, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) formerly Besoekisch Proefstation, had published its research findings through a journal call Mededelingen van het Besoekisch Proefstation. Between 1948-1981 the research institute was under the supervision of Bogor Research Institute for Estate Crops, and published its research findings through De Bergcultures which was later changed to Menara Perkebunan. Since the institute held the national mandate for coffee and cocoa commodities, and due to rapid increase in the research findings, ICCRI published its first issue of Pelita Perkebunanjournal in April 1985. Pelita Perkebunanis an international journal providing rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles concerned with coffee and cocoa commodities based on the aspects of agronomy, plant breeding, soil science, crop protection, postharvest technology and social economy. Papers dealing with result of original research on the above aspects are welcome, with no page charge. Pelita Perkebunan is managed by Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), which publish the research findings not only for coffee and cocoa but also other commodities relevant with coffee and cocoa, i.e. shade trees, intercrops and wind breakers.
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Articles 7 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023)" : 7 Documents clear
Genetic diversity of ex-situ conserved Arabica cofee (Coffea arabica L.) accessions in Ethiopia as revealed by simple sequence repeats markers Benti, Tadesse; Gebre, Endale; Tesfaye, Kassahun; Berecha, Gezahegn; Lashermes, Philippe; Kyallo, Martina; Yao, Nasser
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i2.544

Abstract

So far, there has been limited use of molecular markers in arabica coffee breeding program in Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to explore the effectiveness of simple sequence repeats markers (SSRs) in detecting polymor- phism and to assess the extent of genetic diversity and relationships among ex-situconserved Arabica coffee accessions. Sixty-two forest coffee accessions planted in the experimental plot of the Ethiopian coffee breeding program were evaluated using 14 SSR markers. These markers amplified a total of 100 alleles, varying from four to ten alleles per locus, with an average of 7.2 across all loci. The rate of polymorphism ranged from 75 to 100, with a mean value of 96.4 across the accessions. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.26 to 0.92, with a mean value of 0.70. The genetic similarity coefficient values between 72% possible pair-wise combinations ranged from 0.18 to 0.50, with overall mean value of 0.44.The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Jaccard’s genetic similarity grouped the accessions into five main clusters and two singletons at <0.47 similarity coefficient value. These results indicate the effectiveness of the SSR markers in detecting polymorphism and the presence of a high level of genetic diversity and distant relatedness among the studied coffee accessions. The observed diversity could be exploited in the future coffee breeding program to develop heterotic hybrid coffee varieties through crossing of divergent parental lines. The highly informative SSRs markers can be also used in genetic analysis of Arabica coffee germplasm conserved in the field gene bank at Jimma Agricultural Research Center (JARC) to establish core collections for effective conservation, management and utilization purposes
Application of Coconut Shell Biochar and Rhizobacteria Consortium to Increase Cocoa Production (Theobroma cacao L.) Laurenze, Reynaldi; Ala, Ambo; Saleh, Ifayanti Ridwan
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i2.545

Abstract

The decline in Indonesia’s cocoa production as a result of soil fertility degra dation causes fertilization to become one of effective effects. Because of that, it is possible to restore soil fertility potential by using soil fertility enhancer biochar combined with rhizobacteria consortium to create suitable conditions for plant.This research was aimed to study and investigate coconut shell biochar interacts with rhizobacteria in increasing cocoa production. This research was conducted at Kodeoha, North Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi from September 2022 until March 2023. A split plot design with three replications each consisted of two experimental units was used as an experimental design. Biochar dosage as the main plot consisted of four levels, namely 0 ton ha-1 (control), 2.5 ton ha-1, 5 ton ha-1, and 7.5 ton ha-1 and rhizobacteria concentration as the sub plots consisted offour levels, namely 0 mL L-1, 50 mL L-1, 100 mL L-1, and 150 mL L-1. Results of this research showed a significant interaction between biochar 5 tons ha-1 and rhizobacteria 100 mL L-1 which provide best result for chlorophyll a (336 μmol m-2), chlorophyll b (150 μmol m-2), and total chlorophyll (484 μmol m-2). The interaction between biochar 5 tons ha-1 and rhizobacteria 150 mL L-1 showed the best results for number of harvested pods per tree (10.00 pods), bean weight per tree (606 g trees-1), stomata opening area (31 μm2). The interaction between biochar 7.5 tons ha-1 and rhizobacteria 150 mL L-1 showed the best results on the weight of 100 dry beans at water content 8% (159.03 g)
Assessing the demand and current status of agricultural mechanization in major coffee-production areas of Ethiopia Tikuneh, Dessye Belay; Issa, Mubarek M; Tefera, Yared D
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i2.547

Abstract

Ethiopia, the primary coffee producer in Africa and the fifth in the world is facing challenges in agricultural mechanization. The research aims to assess the status, constraints, preferences, and demand of mechanization in Ethiopia, focusing on strategies to improve smallholder access to capital-intensive inputs and bridgethe gap between mechanization and farmers’ needs. A household survey and focus group discussions were conducted on 136 random samples using a multistage procedure, with semi-structured questionnaires used to interview 81 households of small-scale and 19 households of large-scale coffee farmers. The studyfound that preferences for each operation during coffee production are based on difficulties in work drudgery, with 42.45% believing that the first energy-consuming operation is hole digging for coffee plantation and cultivation. Coffee harvesting is a highly time-sensitive operation for 49.4% of smallholder farmers, with handtools being the main implement dominantly used for weeding. Poor harvesting practices reduce the quality of coffee during processing, and some unions have two or more wet mills using old machinery. The main challenges for low mechanization in Ethiopia include difficult topography, fragmented land, a lack of manpower,lack of awareness of technology, weak linkages of coffee mechanization channels, high technology costs, a shortage of running budgets, and a weak support system of cooperatives and unions. Experts suggest that capacity building on extension systems is the best way to facilitate the extension system of coffee mechanization technology. Assessments of technology manufacturers, machine assemblers, maintenance service providers, and importers were conducted in Harar, Hawassa, Jimma, Bonga, and Addis Ababa cities. Challenges include a lack of enabling laws and incentives to facilitate business start-ups. Importation of small-scale enginedriven equipment is an additional means to meet demand in some cooperativesand may provide farmers with an alternative source of cheaper machinery. Ethiopian academics and higher education institutions are essential players in exploring mechanization options, and public and private sectors, including cooperatives and farmer organizations, need to have a clear understanding of their respectiveresponsibilities and areas for collaboration.
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Helopeltis Species on Cocoa from Kaliwining Experimental Station, Jember, Indonesia Aldini, Gracia Melsiana; Rahma, Anisa Aulia; Budiman, Aris
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i2.552

Abstract

Severe crop loss of cocoa in Indonesia has long been reported to be caused by Helopeltis. It has been noted that cocoa and Helopeltis have existed in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, Indonesia, for about 100 years, and the species have developed during that time. Our study aimed for examining the Helopeltis species that attacked cocoa in this experimental station both morphologically, morphometrically, and molecularly and to compare the species with the one attacking cocoa in Java and Nusa Tenggara, preserved at the GenBank. Helopeltis was sampled from infested cocoa pods collected representatively from cocoa at the Kaliwining ES and then reared in the Crop Protection Laboratory of ICCRI. Adults of Helopeltis laboratory-reared insects were identified, 30 females 30 males were selected. Weexamined the morphology and morphometry of the samples, and their identifica tion was based on an insect identification key. Morphometry measurement of male and female body parts includes body length, antenna segments, head, eyes, collar, wing, tibia, and femur. In addition, the molecular identification of Helopeltissp. was made through DNA extraction, amplification, and sequence analysis of DNA target regions using the COI part of mitochondrial DNA. External morphological identification, supported by morphometry of the Helopeltis specimen from Kaliwning, the white bands on all femora, body length, and the ratio of the firstantennal segment to the posterior width of the pronotum suggested that the insect belongs to Helopeltis bradyi. Similarly, molecular identification using PCR amplification through specific primers from COI gene sequences confirmed that Helopeltis specimens from Kaliwining are classified as Helopeltis bradyi.
Cocoa agroforestry systems and yield dynamics within the Offinso Municipality of Ghana. Quainoo-Mensah, Florence; Afele, John Tennyson; Gorleku, David Ofoe
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i2.553

Abstract

Cocoa production remains an important player in Ghana’s economy. Over the years, there has been a shift from the traditional cocoa agroforestry system to full-sun cocoa production. Due to extreme exposure to high temperatures, sunlight and drought, the photosynthetic mechanism of cocoa is altered, reducing yield.Cocoa agroforestry provides economic, social, and ecological benefits and plays subsistence functions such food and fuelwood. The study was carried out to assess cocoa agroforestry systems based on shade and its effect on yield in the Offinso Municipality of Ghana. The study aimed to identify the types of cocoa agroforestry systems based on shade, determine the factors affecting cocoa agroforestry systems and assess the impact of shade regime on cocoa yield in the municipality. Purposively cocoa farmers were randomly and were adminis-tered with questionnaires. The study revealed that farmers in the Offinso Municipality practice all types of cocoa agroforestry systems (full sun, low shade, medium shade, and heavy shade). The cultivation of cocoa under medium shade (15–18 trees ha-1) proved to be beneficial and essential for the long-term production ofcocoa. The medium-shade cocoa recorded a higher average yield of 1576 kg ha-1. Six common shade trees identified include Terminalia superba (ofram), Ricinodendron heudelotii (wawa) and Chlorophora excelsa (odum). Some challenges faced as a result of practicing the cocoa agroforestry system were pest infestationand diseases such as that of the black pod. Cocoa agroforestry still holds the key to sustainable future outputs in cocoa production as it drives the realization of SDG goal 13 (climate action). There is therefore the need to educate farmers on managing their farms with trees for optimum ecological and economic benefits.
Growth of Two Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Planting Materials on Three Growing Media Composition Fuadi Mubaroq, Zahrul; Anita-Sari, Indah; Abdul Hakim, Nurman; Nazirman, ,; Wibowo, Ari; Setyawan, Bayu
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i2.575

Abstract

Seed growth and uniformity are keys in producing high quality and yield of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). Plant growth is influenced by internal factors (genetics)and external factors, including planting media. This study aimed to determine the effect of cocoa planting material types and planting media of cocoa seedlings.The research was conducted at Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, Indonesia, using a split-plot group randomized design. The main plot was the planting media consisting of topsoil, topsoil and rice husk, and topsoil and manure. The subplots consisted of two types of cocoa planting material: hybrid seeds ICCRI 08H and half-sib Sulawesi 1. Each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed that the media influenced on seedling growth uniformity, plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves. Genetic factors affect plant height and stem diameter. The interaction of media and the type of planting material affect the stem diameter and number of leaves. Cocoa seedling growth with the best plant height and stem diameter was shown in topsoil and manure media, while the response to the number of lleaves showed differences between ages and planting media used. ICCRI 08H hybrid cocoa planting material showed the highest plant height and stem diameter compared to Sulawesi 1 half-sib
Stability analysis of fat and polyphenol content of five cocoa clones grown in different environment in Indonesia. Al-Afandi, Muhammad; Anita Sari, Indah; Wahyu Susilo, Agung; Widura Ritonga, Arya; Setyawan, Bayu; Malik, Abdul
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i2.576

Abstract

Fat and polyphenols are functional compounds in cocoa beans that determine product quality and are highly influenced by environmental factors. Informationregarding the stability of the character of the polyphenol and fat content of the cocoa plant is still limited, therefore it needs further study. This study aimed todetermine the stability of fat and polyphenol content in several cocoa clones at three different growing locations. The study used a nested design with a randomized block design with field design consisting of five cocoa clones, three different growing locations and each combnation treatment was repeated three times. The cocoa clones used were ICCRI 09, MCC 02, Sulawesi 1, KW 516, and KW 562, planted in three different growing locations namely, Kaliwining Experimental Station, Jember, East Java; Sekampung Udik, East Lampung, Lampung; and Harapan Jaya, Pesawaran, Lampung. The combined analysis of variance indicated that there was a genetic interaction with the environment for the character of fat and polyphenol content. Based on the stability analysis, it is known that all cocoa clones fall into the stable category according to the concept of static stability. Furthermore, based on addtive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis, the clones that can be recommended for Jember, East Lampung and Pesawaran locations for the character of fat content are clone KW 516, while for the characters of high and stable polyphenol levels at the three locations are clones MCC 02, KW 516, and KW 562. In addition, the most recommended clone based on fat content at Jember was the MCC 02 clone, KW 562 at East Lampung, and KW 516 clone at Pesawaran. The existence of the phenomenon of genetic interaction and the growing environment for the characters of fat and polyphenols in cocoa plants provides important information, especially in considering the development of cocoa for specific purposes, namely parameters of fat and polyphenols.

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