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Wacana, Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 14110199     EISSN : 23381884     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.wacana
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Social,
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
This journal has a focus on inter and multidisciplinary studies of social sciences and humanities. The scope is the socio-cultural phenomenon, the history, and transformation of society, changes, and stagnation of socio-political institutions, actor orientation, and behavior, the performance of political regimes and socio-economic structures. The scope is not limited by state, nation, temporal duration, certain ideas, and narrow beliefs. This journal is open to various approaches, theories, methodologies, research methods carried out by scientists, academics, researchers and practitioners in the fields and disciplines: economics, social, political science, government studies, international relations, sociology, anthropology, demography, history, religious and cultural studies, philosophy of science, communication science, and development studies.
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PENGELOLAAN PROGRAM HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL : Studi Kasus Di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Sesaot Lombok Barat Mukhtar - -; Soemarno - -; Kliwon - Hidayat
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) memahami makna program HKm oleh masyarakat; (2) Memahami penerapan Awig-awig mengenai program HKm dan (3) memahami penerapan program HKm. Beberapa teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisa temuan penelitian antara lain teori ekologi manusia dan teori interaksional simbolik. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.  Sumber data atau informan adalah masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar kawasan hutan yang termasuk penggarap program HKm dan penggarap HKm non program, juga orang dari luar kawasan hutan yang dianggap relevan. Penentuan informan dilakukan dengan metode snowball sampling dan purposive. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan, wawancara mendalam, studi dokumentasi dan triangulasi. Sedangkan analisa data dilakukan melalui analisa deskriptif menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Pengujian keabsahan data dan informasi, dilakukan dengan metode triangulasi dan pemeriksaan sejawat melalui diskusi. Hasil penelitian; Pertama, makna program HKm oleh masyarakat dipahami sebagai kesempatan untuk memperoleh hak kelola lahan di dalam kawasan hutan untuk kegiatan usaha tani. Akibatnya masyarakat cenderung berprilaku eksploitatif untuk memaksimalkan manfaat ekonomi lahan. Dalam kaitannya dengan fungsi konservasi, terjadi perbedaan pemahaman antara masyarakat dengan Dinas Kehutanan. Masyarakat memaknai konservasi dari keseluruhan vegetasi sebagai kesatuan fungsi ekonomi dan konservasi, sehingga pemanfaatan lahan lebih didominasi oleh tanaman MPTS. Dinas Kehutanan memaknai tanaman pohon untuk pengintegrasian fungsi konservasi guna mendukung manfaat ekonomi. Ke dua, Revitalisasi nilai Awig-awig sebagai aturan pelaksanaan program HKm masih dipandang sebagai simbolisasi nilai lokal. Dalam implementasinya belum efektif untuk mendukung pengintegrasian fungsi konservasi  dan fungsi ekonomi sesuai dengan tujuan program HKm. Dari 12 muatan aturan dalam Awig-awig kawasan, hanya tiga muatan aturan yang dijalankan dan sembilan muatan aturan belum efektif berjalan. Pelanggaran Awig-awig yang sulit ditangani terdiri dari sindikat pencurian kayu, perilaku perambahan hutan, praktek ganti rugi lahan dan penegakan komposisi tanam.  Ke tiga, Penerapan program HKm oleh masyarakat belum efektif mendukung pelestarian sumberdaya hutan secara berkelanjutan. Penerapan yang dilakukan masih sebatas pada pelestarian jangka pendek. Hal itu disebabkan karena masyarakat lebih berorientasi pada pemenuhan keinginan, bukan semata-mata untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dirumuskan saran akademis yakni pentingnya kajian lebih lanjut dari beberapa sudut pandang antara lain (i) kesesuaian luas lahan terhadap kecukupan ekonomi rumah tangga; (ii) Kesesuaian pola tanam untuk mendukung integrasi fungsi konservasi dengan fungsi ekonomi, (iii) perumusan model penguatan kelembagaan masyarakat berbasis nilai-nilai kearifan lokal dan pengetahuan ekologi lokal. Saran praktis, yakni (1) aspek tata kelola kawasan; diperlukan inventarisasi ulang tata batas kawasan, mendorong percepatan pemberian izin resmi kepada masyarakat dan melakukan rekonstruksi ulang kawasan yang ditetapkan sebagai lahan kelola HKm; (2) aspek tata kelola usaha; diperlukan intervensi program pengembangan usaha produktif melalui penguatan peran perempuan serta menggeser intensifikasi produksi di dalam kawasan hutan ke intensifikasi produksi di luar kawasan hutan dan (3) aspek tata kelola kelembagaan; untuk kelembagaan masyarakat diperlukan program penguatan kapasitas dan dukungan program untuk penguatan Awig-awig. Bagi kelembagaan pemerintah diperlukan komitmen terutama aparat-aparat yang di lapangan untuk melakukan penegakan hukum secara adil dan tidak bermain ganda  serta dukungan pengakuan formal terhadap Forum Kawasan Kata kunci: hutan kemasyarakatan, kearifan likal, awig-awig ABSTRACT The research was aimed to: (1) evaluate  comprehensively on the  understanding of the local community on the Community Forest Programme (2) establish better understanding of Awig-Awig on Community Forest Management and (3) have better understanding of the Community Forest Programme implementation.  Some theories have been used to analyse the research including: human ecology theory and Symbolic interactional theory. The methods of the research was a qualitative design using a case study.  The responden or key informans were people who living accros the area  both as farmer being involved in the programm and  non-programme farmers as well as particular  people who has better understanding on the community forest programme. The informans were determined using a snowball sampling dan purposive method.  Data collecting was conducted by a direct observation, in-deepth interview, documentation and triangulation study.  Data analysis was done with deskriptive analyse using Miles and Huberman Models. The data and information validation was tested using triangulation method and personal confirmation via deep discussion. Results of research: First, the Community forest programm according to local farmers was`transleted as a chance to have land holding in the forest area  to be farming system.  As a results, the people tend to behave exsploitatively and economically  in maximizing the land use. In relation to conservation function, there were a discripancy understanding between community groups and Forest Institution. The conservation according to the local community was transleted from entire vegetation as economic objective, so, the use of land was dominated by the Multy Purposes Trees Species (MPTS) while based on the forest institution , the tree has to be  integrated to the conservation function to support economic value.  Second, The revitalisation of Awig-awig as the local convention of implementing the community forest programme is thought to be just a symbol of local value. Thus, the local wisdom was not effective to support the integration of conservation and economic objectives of such programme.   From 12 points of convention as written on the Awig-Awig manuscript of Area Managmenen, the were only three  point which have been accomodated effectively  by the community while the rest of nine points  were not obeyed. In other words, the people tend to break the convention on the Awig-Awig. It is important to note that the convention based on Awig-Awig which were very difficult to be solved including:  illegal lodgging sindicate, slash and burning the land, illegal property, and convention relate to vegetation composition of the land.  Third, The implementation of the community forest programme has not been effective to suport sustainable forest management. The management of the programm seems to be a short term target rather than long therm target. This is more likely due to the willingness orientation of the local community rather than to meet their daily needs. Based on the results, the academic recommendation proposed for the future research are : (i) land suitability in relation to meet the sufficiency of farmers income (ii) The appropriate vegetation composition should be applied on the agroforestry system to support ecology and economic functions of the forest. (iii) Establish a strengthern model of community institution on the basisi of local wisdom and local ecological knowledge.  Practical recommendation (1) Zone management aspect:  reinventarisation areal zone ,speed up a formal permits to community and reconstruction of  the community forest area (2) Interpreneurships management; intervention programm on productive interpreneuirships; development programme on productive interpreneurships through sthrengthern of women role  and change intensification system from forest area to close nearby or outside the area (3) institution managemen:  for community institution, the spesific programme to sthrengthern building capacity of Awig-Awig is needed. A good government including policy commitment in particular  for filed staff supervision to  work based on law inforcement is indespensible. Keywords: community forest management, local wisdom
FENOMENA, FEMINISME DAN POLITICAL SELF SELECTION BAGI PEREMPUAN Nurwani Idris - -
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract Democracy needs all participation people in the country, women and men.  The political right for women, as we know was feminism hard and long time struggled, therefore now the women have the high quality live in politic, the economic and social.  All the country in the world have ratificated the PBB of law for political freedom for women as the same as men. Especially in Indonesia now there’s no formal barriers for women leadership, if they select to participate in politics but it was the phenomenon for the women among self selection in politics, the freedom to be participating and children, husband, housing, that still stronger; from which one barrier “self selection” or “culture and religion” responsibility where significantly. Minangkabau women, forward analysis we can aim self selection or children, husband and family responsibility.  It is indisputable that the women’s awareness and struggle in the politics are debt to the feminists’ endless efforts. The feminists have fostered the women to empower themselves by which they reach equal position compared with their counterparts, in nearly all aspects of the social life.   Keywords:  phenomenon, feminism, and political self selection.
ANALISIS POSISI PERSAINGAN OPERATOR TELEPON SELULER BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI KONSUMEN DI KOTA MALANG Dodik - Yunarwanto; Agung - Yuniarinto; Muslich - Mustajab
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRAK   Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui posisi persaingan operator telepon seluler prabayar merek Merek I, Merek II, Merek III, Merek IV serta Merek V berdasarkan persepsi konsumen dan pengaruh posisi persaingannya terhadap jumlah pelanggan di kota Malang. Metode analisa Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) digunakan untuk menganalisis data penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan posisi masing-masing operator telepon seluler prabayar  berdasarkan persepsi konsumen. Dengan alat analisis Cluster hasil penelitian yang diperoleh terbentuk tiga kelompok atau segmen yaitu kelompok pertama ditempati Merek I, Merek II dan Merek III; kelompok ke dua ditempati Merek V;  dan kelompok ke tiga Merek IV tujuan pengelompokan ini mengetahui jarak terdekat persaingan antar operator ponsel prabayar. Merek II merupakan pesaing dekat Merek I dan Merek III sedangkan Merek V merupakan pesaing terdekat Merek IV. Selanjutnya dengan alat analisa Atribut Vektor dapat diketahui keunggulan atribut masing-masing operator ponsel prabayar Merek I disukai konsumen karena atribut produk dan personal traits, Merek II disukai konsumen karena atribut distribusi, Merek III disukai konsumen karena atribut proses, Merek V disukai konsumen karena atribut promosi sedangkan Merek IV disukai konsumen karena atribut harga. Setelah diketahui keunggulan atribut masing-masing operator dengan menggunakan alat analisa Regresi dapat diketahui pengaruh posisi persaingan terhadap jumlah pelanggan secara keseluruhan dari enam atribut, hanya atribut promosi yang paling signifikan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berlangganan. Hasil tiap kelompok atau segmennya. Segmen pertama atribut promosi yang paling signifikan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berlangganan. Segmen kedua atribut harga dan personal traits yang paling signifikan berpengaruh terhadap jumlah pelanggan. Segmen ketiga, atribut harga yang paling signifikan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan berlangganan.   Kata kunci :  persepsi, posisi, segmen, atribut, personal  traits, distribusi, promosi   ABSTRACT   The aim of this research is to discover the operator competition position mobile phone prepayment such as Merk I, Merk II, Merk III, Merk IV and Merk V based on the consumers perception and the influence of emulation position to a mount of customer’s in Malang. By using MDS analyze, the result is there are differences position of each operator prepayment based on consumers perception. By using cluster analyze, the result is 3 groups or segmentation that the first group are Merek I, Merek II and Merek III, the second is Merk V and the third is Merk IV The aim of this segmentation is to know the closet competition between mobile phone prepayment operator. Merk II is the close competitor of Merk I and Merk III , while Merk V is the close competitor of Merk IV. By the means of  sector attribute sector analyzer, we are able to discover can get the advantage of every prepayment cell phone (mobile phone) operator’s attribute. Merk I is chosen because of product attribute and personal traits, Merk II is chosen because of it’s distribution attribute, Merk III because of it’s process attribute, Merk V because of commercial attribute, while Merk IV because of the price. As we know the advantage of every operator, using the means of regression analysis we can see the influence of a competitor’s position to the while customer’s number from the 6 attribute, only commercial attribute had the most significant influence to the customer’s decision, the result from every group or segment. First segment commercial attribute that had the most influence to the customer’s decision, second segment is price attribute and personal traits, third is price attribute  that had significant influence to customer’s decision.   Keywords :  perception, position, segmentation, attribute, personal traits, distribution, promotion.
ANALISIS PERILAKU KEPUTUSAN KONSUMEN DALAM PEMBELIAN PRODUK PATUNG KAYU PADA TOKO KERAJINAN (ART SHOP) KECAMATAN SUKAWATI, GIANYAR, BALI Eka - Sulistyawati; Titiek - Multifiah; Armanu - Thoyib
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui: (1) faktor yang dipertimbangkan oleh konsumen dalam keputusan pembelian produk patung kayu; (2) Faktor yang mempunyai pengaruh paling dominan dalam keputusan pembelian produk patung kayu. Lokasi penelitian ditetapkan di Kecamatan Gianyar Bali karena merupakan pusat industri kerajinan patung kayu di Bali dan mempunyai pasar sampai ke luar negeri. Toko kerajinan (art shop) patung kayu di Kecamatan Sukawati jumlah cukup banyak dan terus berkembang, toko kerajinan (art shop) letaknya terpusat, berjejer dan saling berdekatan. Kecamatan Sukawati terletak dalam jalur utama ke arah timur seperti obyek wisata Ubud, Istana Presiden Tampak Siring, Goa Gajah, Kintamani serta obyek wisata lainnya. Yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini meliputi seluruh wisatawan mancanegara yang berkunjung pada toko kerajinan (art shop) patung kayu di Kecamatan Sukawati Gianyar Bali. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode accidental sampling yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel berdasarkan kebetulan, dengan demikian siapa saja yang kebetulan bertemu dengan peneliti dan memenuhi syarat yang ditentukan dapat digunakan sebagai responden. Sedangkan jumlah sampel yang diperlukan jika dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis faktor adalah paling sedikit 4 atau 5 kali jumlah variabel yang diteliti. Karena jumlah variabel yang diteliti sebanyak 20 maka sampel ditetapkan 100 responden. Alat analisa yang digunakan adalah analisis faktor untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan konsumen dalam keputusan pembelian produk patung kayu dan analisis regresi berganda untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempunyai pengaruh paling dominan dalam keputusan pembelian produk patung kayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 20 variabel dapat direduksi menjadi 17 variabel yang tersebar dalam 6 faktor. Tiga variabel dikeluarkan dari model karena tidak memenuhi kriteria MSA > 0,5 yaitu variabel potongan harga (X12) dan dua variabel tidak memenuhi kriteria, dimana communality <0,5 yaitu variabel saluran distribusi (X16) dan variabel sarana lain (X20). Dari uji analisis faktor diperoleh hasil bahwa dari 17 variabel yang ditahan di dalam model dan mengelompokkan ke dalam 6 faktor merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen dalam keputusan pembelian produk patung kayu. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah faktor harga dengan eigen value 4,63653, faktor promosi dengan eigen value 3,15352, faktor referensi dengan eigen value 1,87740, faktor produk dengan eigen value 1,58539, faktor budaya dengan eigen value 1,34874 dan faktor kondisi fisik dengan eigen value 1,10984. Dengan analisis regresi berganda diketahui 74% keputusan pembelian patung kayu dipengaruhi oleh enam faktor sebagai variabel independen, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor di luar model analisis yang diduga diantaranya adalah adanya perubahan selera konsumen yang ingin kembali menyatu dengan alam dan peristiwa politik Indonesia yang kurang mendukung bagi kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara. Hal ini terlihat dari nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,74504. Model ini juga digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor mana yang berpengaruh paling dominan di antara 6 faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumen dalam keputusan pembelian produk patung kayu. Dari hasil regresi dapat diketahui bahwa dari enam faktor sebagai variabel independen yang dianalisis, secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh Fhitung=45,29365 > Ftabel =2,29 signifikan pada a=5%. Kemudian dari enam faktor tersebut dapat pula diketahui bahwa faktor produk merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh paling dominan dalam keputusan pembelian. Hal ini ditunjukkan dalam nilai thitung sebesar 8,594 (tertinggi di antara enam faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumen).   Kata kunci: perilaku konsumen, keputusan, patung kayu.
ANALISIS PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN RUMAH TANGGA DALAM MEMBELI PRODUK SEMEN ( Studi Pada Rumah Tangga di Kota Surabaya) Joni - Gunawan; Agung - Yuniarinto; Thantawi AS - -
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRACT An interesting thing necessary to investigate deeply is how should “the cemment product” be positioned and which marketing strategy should be formulated and executed in marketing building material products such as cemment? In line with this explanation, this study analyze the psicological, social, and marketing mixing effects on household decision in buying cemment product. The strategic implication of this is to show the product strategy, price, promotion, and distribution as well as to decide the positioning of the “cemment product” which is oriented to the psichological and social variables of the household consumers. The psichological, social, and marketing mixing effects that become the main attentions in this study are the: motivation, attitude, reference group, product, price, promotion and distribution affects. A high individual’s expectation in possesing a proper house makes the individual secrafice all they have to obtain a house. Viewed from business aspects, this case is considered as a market opportunity for products which are able to supply and/or maintain proper houses, especially for cemment product. This indication appears from the quantity of new companies in this field of business both in direct investment or share holding. Consequently, the competition of the product is relatively tight. The position of the cemment product that is strategic for the construction sector and the cemment product as commodity as well as industrial goods need fix strategy to market. This study findings are: consumers of “cemment product” in Surabaya are 35 to 50 years old and their major job are business / employee, most of them own relative low buying capability. Household consumers of the “cemment product” in Surabaya have relative high education levels. They are Senior High School to University Graduated and most of the consumers are male, and they tend to have rational buying decision. Results of relationship analysis among variables which were obtained at the level of significance 0,05 are show that motivation and atitude are significantly affect household decision in buying “cemment product” in Surabaya. There is a significant effects of product price, promotion, and distribution variables on the household decision in buying “cemment product” in Surabaya. Simultaneously, motivation, attitude, refference group, product, price, premium and distribution variables, significantly affect household decision in buying “cemment product” in Surabaya. Keywords: customer behavior, buying decision, cement.
ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN (Studi Pada PT. Kereta Api (Persero) DAOP 8 Surabaya) Wiwik Andayani; Agung - Yuniarinto; Djumilah - Zain
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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ABSTRAKS   Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan dimensi kualitas pelayanan dan menilainya baik secara simultan maupun parsial serta menentukan dimensi kualitas pelayanan yang dominan mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen. Penelitian ini merupakan replikasi dari penelitian  yang dilakukan oleh R.L. Snipes et al. (1996).  Purposive digunakan untuk menentukan obyek penelitian dan teknik pengambilan sampelnya menggunakan Accidental sampling. Populasi target dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh penumpang kereta api kelas eksekutif. Sampel dalam penelitian diambil sebanyak 168 responden yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuisioner pada ketiga stasiun yaitu stasiun Gubeng, stasiun Pasar Turi dan stasiun Malang dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner.  Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis faktor konfirmatori (CFA) dan analisis faktor eksploratori (EFA) yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Terdapat 8 dimensi dalam kualitas pelayanan yang mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen yaitu : kesan, informasi yang cepat dan jelas, pelayanan sesuai informasi, ketepatan waktu, fasilitas fisik, sistem pelayanan, fasilitas penunjang dalam KA dan tempat duduk (2) Secara simultan kedelapan dimensi tersebut mempunyai pengaruh yang meyakinkan terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan secara parsial terdapat 4 dimensi yang mempunyai pengaruh meyakinkan terhadap kepuasan konsumen yaitu : informasi yang cepat dan jelas, ketepatan waktu, fasilitas fisik dan fasilitas penunjang dalam KA (3) Dimensi yang mempunyai pengaruh dominan terhadap kepuasan konsumen adalah kelengkapan fasilitas penunjang selama perjalanan kereta .   Kata kunci: kualitas layanan, kepuasan konsumen, kereta api     ABSTRACT   This research is aimed at identifying the dimension of service qualities, examining them both simultaneously and partially, and also determining the dominant dimensions of service qualities affecting customer satisfaction. This research is replicated from a research done by R.L. Snipes et al. (1996). Purposive   is used for determining research object and the sampling techniques is use accidental sampling. Population target is all passengers in Executive Class Train. Research sample has 168 respondents  that taken from quistionnaires distribution in the three stations i.e.: Gubeng station, Pasar Turi station and Malang station. And method of  data gathering employs a set of questionnaires. The analysis is used Confirmatory Factor Anaysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis and continued with multiple linear regression. The result of the research indicates, that : (1) Service quality has 8 dimensions that have affect the customer satisfactions i.e.: image, immediate and clear information, service according to information, time accuracy, physical facilities, service system, additional facilities in the executive class train and reclining/refolving seat (2) Simultaneously, the eighth dimensions which have significance effects to customer satisfactions and partially, there are 4 dimensions  have significance effects to customer satisfactions, e.i.: immediate and clear information, time accuracy, physical facilities and additional facilities in the executive class train (3) The dominant dimension is supporting additonal facilities in the executive class during the trip.   Kata kunci : Service quality, customer satisfaction, train.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN Studi Pembelian Rumah Sangat Sederhana Tipe 36 MeAlalui KPR – BTN di Kota Administrasi Jember Sutrisno - Djaja; Agung - Yuniarinto; Agus - Suman
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

ABSTRACT This research aimed (1) at examining whether or not there was significant influence of the variables, such as marketing mix, reference group, demography and socioeconomic on the consumer’s behavior in deciding to purchase a house; and (2) at examining which variables have more dominant influence on the consumer’s decision making. The population of this research consisted of houses type 36 purchasers through the BTN Bank Credit in Jember. The sampling technique used was the purposive proportional area random sampling, whereas the data collecting methods used were questionnaire, interview and documentation. Marketing mix as an independent variable covered: product (X1), price (X2), place (X3), promotion (X4), personal traits (X5), physical evidence (X6) and process (X7). Reference group covered: family (X8), colleagues (X9) and neighbors (X10). Demography and Socio-economic was covered by Family Income (X11). The dependent variable (Y) was the decision making to purchase houses. The data analyses used were firstly, the descriptive analysis to describe the fieldwork data by interpreting the data through tabulation, and secondly, the multiple Linear Regression Statistics to analyze the influence of the independent variables (X1 – X11) both in group and individually on the decision making process to buy the houses. The research results indicated that marketing mix, reference group, and demography and socioeconomic constituted the variables to be considered and believed to influence the consumers’ decision-making process to buy the houses. The result of multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that in a group marketing mix, reference group, demography and socioeconomic significantly affected the consumer’s behavior in deciding to buy houses. Individually, the dependent variables (X1-X11) significantly affected the dependent variables (Y), and certainly the product variable (X1) and the family income variable (X11) had dominant influence. Other variables served as the supporting variables.   Keywords: consumer behaviour, purchasing house
ANALISIS PENGARUH KREDIBILITAS MEREK TERHADAP SENSITIVITAS HARGA KONSUMEN Anik - Kusmintarti; Djasly - By; M. Syafiie - Idrus
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

ABSTRAKS   Informasi yang tidak sempurna dan tidak simetris mengakibatkan timbulnya ketidakpastian yang dihadapi konsumen tentang atribut dan/ atau manfaat apa yang didapat dari sebuah produk.  Dalam kondisi seperti ini penting bagi perusahaan untuk menyampaikan informasi terpercaya kepada konsumen, yaitu informasi yang jujur dan perusahaan harus bersedia dan mampu menyampaikan apa yang telah dijanjikan. Merek yang kredibel berpengaruh terhadap  kesan kualitas, resiko yang diterima dan biaya informasi. Kemudian kesan kualitas, resiko yang diterima dan biaya informasi akan mempengaruhi manfaat yang diharapkan.  Dan selanjutnya akan mempengaruhi sensitivitas harga konsumen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wanita dewasa yang berdomisili di kota Malang dan sampelnya adalah wanita berumur 17 sampai sengan 45 tahun yang menggunakan shampo Anti Ketombe dari satu atau lebih merek-merek yang sedang diteliti. Jumlah responden 100 orang dan metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah nonprobability sampling, dan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah quota sampling. Uji empiris menggunakan Metode Analisis Jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kredibilitas merek berpengaruh terhadap sensitivitas harga konsumen. Selain itu kredibilitas merek berpengaruh secara tak langsung terhadap sensitivitas harga konsumen melalui kesan kualitas dan manfaat yang diharapkan; Kredibilitas merek berpengaruh tak langsung terhadap sensitivitas harga konsumen melalui melalui biaya informasi dan manfaat yang diharapkan. Pengaruh kredibilitas merek terhadap sensitivitas harga konsumen melalui resiko yang dirasakan dan manfaat yang diharapkan tidak signifikan. Temuan ini tidak konsisten dengan temuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan Erdem dan Swait (1998). Hal ini menurut peneliti disebabkan oleh responden dari penelitian yang peneliti lakukan cenderung mudah percaya dengan informasi-informasi yang ada disekelilingnya dan kurang peduli dengan keberadaan merek shampo yang dipakai di waktu yang akan datang. Berbeda dengan mahasiswa non gelar di U.S. University, mereka cenderung lebih hati-hati   Kata kunci: kredibilitas merk, sensitivitas harga ABSTRACT   As products information in the market is not perfect and symmetrical, it causes consumer’s uncertainties about the attributes and/or the benefits of a product. In such a condition, it is important that companies provide credible information to consumers. The information should be sincere and companies should be willing and capable in delivering what has been promised. A credible brand will impact perceived quality, perceived risk and information cost. These perceived quality , perceived risk and information cost will in turn impact consumers’ expected utility. This will subsequently impact consumer’s price sensitivity. The population in this study was adult females who live in Malang and the sample is female adults aged from 17 years old to 45 years old who use one or more of four brands of anti-dandruff shampoo. The number of respondents is 100 people and the sample was taken using non-probability sampling. The sampling collection techniques is quota sampling. The path analysis is applied for empirical testing. The result of this study showed that brand credibility impacts on consumers’ price sensitivity. Brand credibility also had indirect impact on consumers’ price sensitivity through perceived quality and expected utility . Brand credibility has indirect impact on price sensitivity through information cost and expected utility. The impact of brand credibility on consumers’ price sensitivity through perceived risk and expected utility was found to be insignificant. This finding was inconsistent with the finding from the study done by Erdem and Swait (1998). The researcher believe that the difference is caused by the fact that the respondents of present study tend to believe the information around him/her and not care wether the shampoo brand now will exist. This mindset is arguably different from those of diploma students in American university where Erdem and Swait (1998) took their sample The foreign students tend to be more careful in choosing brands.   Keywords: brand credibility, price sensitivity
EFEKTIVITAS BAPPEDA DALAM PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN KOTA PADANG DI ERA OTONOMI DAERAH Desril - Tafria; Suryadi - -; HR. Riyadi - Soeprapto (alm)
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

ABSTRAK   BAPPEDA adalah salah satu unsur/lembaga yang ada di daerah yang mempunyai fungsi penting dalam kegiatan perencanaan pembangunan di daerah. Begitu pentingnya fungsi lembaga ini maka dapat dikatakan bahwa berhasil tidaknya pelaksanaan Koordinasi Perencanaan pembangunan di daerah terutama di era otonomi daerah ditentukan oleh effektivitas Bappeda dalam menjalankan fungsi-fungsinya. Oleh karenanya peningkatan kualitas kinerja Bappeda Kota Padang perlu untuk dibenahi atau ditingkatkan dalam pengkoordinasian pada instansi terkait. Berangkat dari fenomena sebagaimana tersebut diatas, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1) mengetahui efektivitas Bappeda Kota Padang dalam menjalankan fungsi-fungsinya guna menyelenggarakan Koordinasi Perencanaan pembangunan di daerah : 2) mengetahui faktor-faktor penghambat efektivitas fungsi Bappeda  Kota Padang dalam menyelenggarakan koordinasi perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan di daerah dalam penyusunan program/proyek Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengambil setting atau lokasi penelitian di Kantor Bappeda Kota Padang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis dengan pola interaktif sebagaimana yang dikembangan oleh Miles dan Huberman (1992) yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan data atau verfikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 1) Untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi Bappeda di era otonomi daerah dapat dilakukan dengan jalan mengefektivitaskan fungsi Bappeda dalam penyelenggaraan koordinasi perencanaan pembangunan di daerah, peningkatan penyusunan RAPBD serta pelaksanaan fungsi monitoring dan evalusi semua kegiatan; 2) Faktor-faktor penghambat efektivitas fungsi Bappeda dalam menyelenggarakan koordinasi pembangunan di daerah adalah kurangnya profesionalisme staf, kurangnya sarana dan prasarana, struktur dan prosedur kerja serta sistem informasi.   Kata kunci: koordinasi, BAPPEDA, OTODA ABSTRACT   BAPPEDA is one of institution in a region that has an important role in the Regional development planning coordination. Function of this institution is very important that one could say that the successful of the development planning coordination implementation or not in a region, especially in the autonomy era, is more relied on the effectiveness of the Bappeda in performing its functions. Therefore, development of performance quality of the Bappeda needs to be improved or increased by coordination with related agentscies Started from the phenomenon given above, this was study aimed to: (1) know the effectiveness of the Bappeda of the Padang Municipality in performing its functions to enforce the development planning coordinations in the region; 2) know factors inhibiting the effectiveness of the BAPPEDA function of the Padang Municipality in enforcing development and planning coordination in making program/project. This research utilized qualitative approach by taking location at the Bappeda office, Padang Municipality. Collecting is conducted by using interview, observation and documentation methods. Data analysis in this research used interactive pattern analysis as developed by Miles and Hubberman (1992) including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion or verification. Result of the study showed that: (1) to optimize the Bappeda function in the autonomy era can be done by increasing the effectiveness of the Bappeda function in enforcement the development planning coordination in the region, improving APBD composition and implementation of monitoring function and evaluation of all activities; 2) factors inhibiting the effectiveness of theBappeda function in enforcing the development coordination in the region are low of professionalism of staffs, less of tool and equipment, weak of structure and working procedure and information system.   Keywords: coordination, BAPPEDA, OTODA
PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN KEPEMIMPINAN SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN SUMBERDAYA APARATUR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA (Suatu Kajian di Pemerintahan Daerah Kabupaten Ketapang) Erwin - Sudradjat; Choirul - Saleh; H.R. Riyadi - Soeprapto (alm)
Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Otonomi daerah memberikan peluang yang lebih besar untuk kemajuan daerah tantangan kepada daerah disebabkan kinerja aparatur pemerintah daerah yang masih relatif rendah. Pengembangan sumberdaya aparatur, yang intinya adalah pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi aparatur, mutlak dilakukan dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa pelaksanaan program pengembangan sumberdaya aparatur di Kabupaten Ketapang serta dampaknya terhadap kinerja aparatur di daerah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Proses analisa data mengikuti model analisa yang dikemukakan oleh Miles dan Huberman (1992) dengan model interaktif, meliputi tiga alur kegiatan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data  dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan hal-hal: (1) Pelaksanaan diklatpim tingkat IV di Kabupaten Ketapang ternyata masih dirasakan banyak kekurangan dan kendala. Kekurangan yang sangat dirasakan dari segi penyelenggaraan  diklat adalah mengenai materi diklat dirasakan terlalu luas, kurangnya kemampuan pelatih dalam menciptakan suasana kelas yang mampu membuat peserta tertarik untuk mengikuti kegiatan di kelas, serta sarana dan prasarana diklat yang kurang memadai; dan (2) Tujuan pelaksanaan diklatpim tingkat IV di Kabupaten Ketapang belum sepenuhnya tercapai. Alumni diklatpim tingkat IV di Kabupaten Ketapang tahun 2003 banyak yang menanggapi bahwa sebenarnya diklatpim tingkat IV tidak terlalu dirasakan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam bekerja. Tidak begitu nyatanya dampak pelaksanaan diklat terhadap peningkatan kinerja juga dirasakan oleh atasan langsung yang dalam hal ini merupakan pengguna langsung alumni diklatpim tingkat IV tersebut. Saran yang dapat diberikan dari penelitian adalah : (1) perlu dipelajari tentang kemungkinan pembentukan lembaga tersendiri yang khusus menangani kegiatan pendidikan dan pelatihan dalam lembaga pemerintah Kabupaten Ketapang; (2) Untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh pencapaian tujuan diklatpim yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah Kabupaten Ketapang kiranya perlu diadakan evaluasi terhadap kinerja lulusan diklatpim tingkat IV tersebut. Hasil evaluasi terhadap peserta diklat tersebut juga nantinya dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk perbaikan penyelenggaraan diklat di masa mendatang.   Kata kunci: kepemimpinan, sumberdaya, aparatur   ABSTRACT Local autonomous give larger opportunity for progress of local and also challenge to local performance of aparatus of local governance which still relative lower. Development of aparatus resources, which its core is education and training for aparatus, is absolutely needed in improving performance. This research was aimed to describe and analyze aparatus resources development program of the Ketapang Regency Governance, through leadership education and training and also its impact on the performance of local govern aparatus. This research using qualitative research approach. Process analysis of data follow model of analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman (1992) with interactive model, covering three path of activities that are reduce data, presentation of data and verification. Results of this research are the followings (1). Leadership education and training level IV at the Ketapang Regency still really be felt by a lot of insuffiency and constraint. Very insuffiency felt from facet of management of leadership education and training level IV is materials of its felt too wide, lack of ability of coach in creating atmosphere of class capable to make audiences interested to follow activity in class, and also medium which less be adequate (2). Target of leadership education and training level IV at the Ketapang Regency Govern not reached full yet. A lot of collegiate of leadership education and training level IV year 2003 at the Ketapang Regency Govern answered that in fact leadership education and training level the IV did not too felt can improve their ability in working. There is no reality affect of leadership education and training to improve of performance also felt by direct supervision which in this case represent direct consumer of collegiate of leadeship education and training level IV. Suggestions which can be given from this research are (1). Presumably require to be learned by about possibility of special separate institute forming handle training and education activity in govern agency of the Ketapang Regency (2). To know how far the target of leadership education and training level IV attainment which have been executed by the Ketapang Regency Government presumably require to be performed by evaluation to grad leadership education and training performance level IV. Result of evaluation to the competitor of leadership education and training also later serve the purpose of the substance for the management of leadership education and training repair in a period of coming.   Keywords: leadership, aparature, performance

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