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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development
ISSN : 02166461     EISSN : 23546832     DOI : 10.14334
Core Subject : Health,
Veterinary
WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.
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Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue " Vol 14, No 3 (2004)" : 5 Documents clear
The Potency and Diversity of Genetic Resources of Ongole Cross Breed Astuti, Maria
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (973.089 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v14i3.801

Abstract

The populations of Ongole Grade cattle in 1991 reached 4,600,000 heads dominating the number ofbeef cattle in Indonesia and they were concentrated in Java . However, a dramatic decrease occurred and in 2001 it was reported that the population was amounted to 874,000 heads and they were still concentrated in Java . As genetic resources of local cattle the population increase needs to be carried out immediately particularly outside Java island where a large number of Ongole Grade are reared . The biological reproduction and production potency shows a very significant variation, the average performance reported shows that the role of environment is crucial. The Ongole Grade cattle are very sensitive to feed changes and improvements . The averages of Ongole cross breed calf crop community farms that had been reported were 36%, 52.63%, 54 .60%, and 59.32% . The low percentage is due to a long period of gap between calving caused by bad reproduction and mating management. The average value that has been reported for S/C ranges from 1 .29 for the smallest and 2 .23 for the highest, for the shortest period of having a calf is13 .75 months and the longest is 20 .30 months, the shortest period of mating after having a calf is 97.80 days and the longest is 309.00 days. The average values reported for daily weight gain after pre-weaning is 0.62 kg and post weaning is 0.24 kg, for calves ages 4-12 months it ranges from 0.34 to 0.37 kg, for those ages 13 to 24 months it ranges from 0.31to 0.40 kg, for those ages 2 years it ranges from 0.44 to-0 .91kg. The genetic potency of Ongole cross breed cattle has not widely known as the data are not yet available. Performance identification and recording of Ongole cross breed cattle needs to be carried out immediately. Theoretically, it is assumed that the diversity ofgenetic resources of Ongole cross breed cattle is quite extensive as they are less experienced selection. The enhancement of Ongole cross breed cattle productivity is carried out through breeding efforts by taking genetic resources conservation into consideration, and they require sufficient environmental support. The development and conservation regions for Ongole Grade cattle need to be determined by the government policy . In those regions Ongole crossbreed cattle are purely reared and their genetic quality should be improved. Selection method among the population can be carried out and conservation model can imitate P3 Bali model which adopts the Open Nucleus Breeding Scheme (ONBS). The productivity enhancement through cross breeding with exotic stock will only be done with well plan with a certain target . Cross breeding is heterosis, thus cross breeding for beef cattle will only enhance production characteristics, but not the reproduction ones. The interaction between heterosis and the environment is very important, therefore cross breeding between a couple of stock breed in an environment may not suitable in another environment . Estimation on the effect of additive and heterosis is required as a principle consideration in choosing the cross breeding system to be conducted besides the choice on the exotic breed, which recently tends to use Europe Bos taurus . Key words: Ongole Grade cattle, animal genetic resources
Potencyand Geneticdiversity of Bali Cattle Handiwirawan, Eko; ., Subandriyo
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1116.118 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v14i3.802

Abstract

Bali cattle are important indigenous cattle due to high population and wide spread in Indonesia. Increasing meat and cattle imports to fulfill the local demand should be able to motivate related parties to improve productivity of Indonesian cattle through good management, including Bali cattle. Several good characteristics are possessed by Bali cattle, particularly the adaptation capability in environment with poor feed quality and they possess good fertility. The government decision to determine Province of Bali is as a protected zone for other cattle breed in order to conserve Bali cattle is very reasonable considering that Indonesia is the gene center of Bali cattle and the first domestication place of Bali cattle . Genetic improvements ofBali cattle have been done at pure breed zone (Province of Bali) through selection and progeny testing at P3Bali and succeeds in obtaining cattle with good Estimated Breeding Value. Elite bulls obtained through the program are expected to be able to entirely improve Bali cattle in Indonesia through Artificial Insemination program. The improvement of genetic quality by crossing with Bos taurus and Bos indicus have been done at livestock sources regions and have been able to produce crossbred having good productivity as final stock. There is tendency to continuously improve the genetic composition ofBos taurus through artificial insemination at farmers level. The ideal genetic composition of crossbred needs to be evaluated to reach optimal genotype composition. Key words: Bali cattle, conservation, genetic improvement
A Review on Research Results of Beef Cattle Feed Utomo, Ristianto
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1116.832 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v14i3.803

Abstract

Based on rumen degradation rate, concentrates are divided into : slow degraded energy feeds, fast degraded energy feeds, slow degraded protein supplements, and fast degraded protein supplements. This classification is important to synchronize the presence of nutrients in the rumen used to stimulate rumen microbes growth . Rumen microbes-can be used as protein supplements for the host . Protein content, digestibility, and biological value of rumen microbes are about 65%, 75-85%, and 80%, respectively . Rice straw as an agricultural by product has a low protein content of not more than 7%, low digestibility, thus in the digestive tract, in rumen, and particle changes in rumen require about 81 .67 hours, 62.69 hours, and 1 .62% per hours, respectively. Rice straw utilization as feed needs supplementation and quality and digestibility improvement in the form of physical, chemical, biological, or combined. The physical treatment aims at reducing particle size or cell swelling . Reducing particle size of roughage will increase the rate of passage in the rumen, increase consumption, decrease digestibility, and reduce milk fat, while sodium hydroxide treatment will increase digestibility up to 100% without nutrient increase, however it is dangerous to human life and a pollutant for the agriculture field. Rice straw treatment using ammonia increase its digestibility and its nutrient . The biological treatment was conducted to change rice straw structure by enzyme lignocellulase and increase protein content with microorganism. Basically, the concept of biological treatment is restricted composing, conservation, and predigesting to increase quality. Recently, many commercial products have been developed for rice straw biological treatment orienting at predigesting of cellulose. The application of physical, chemical, and or biological treatment for agricultural by product is as component for complete feed Key words: Rumen Microbes, supplementation, predigesting
Alternative Strategies for Controlling Reproductive Infectious Diseases of Beef Cattle to Increase Reproduction Eficiency Adjid, R M Abdul
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (883.876 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v14i3.804

Abstract

Reproductive infectious diseases affect reproductive organs cause inefficiency in reproduction of cattle. In Indonesia, there are six infectious diseases of reproduction in beef cattle, namely Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Bluetongue and Toxoplasmosis. Although report of the occurrence of the diseases is limited for only certain areas of Indonesia, because of limitation of veterinary laboratories available in this country, those diseases have potential to distribute wider and cause more economic impact if the diseases were not prevented and controlled properly by the government and farmers together . Approaches should be taken for diseases control and prevention are in-flock and inter-flock of beef cattle. Alternative strategies suggested for diseases control are: (1). Flock free of the disease; (2). Biosecurity; and (3). Artificial Insemination using semen free of the diseases. Research and development of reproductive infectious diseases on beef cattle should be improved to support and contribute the development of beef cattle agribusiness program in this country. Key words: Beef cattle, mproductive infectious diseases, alternative control strategy
Alternative Policy in Managing Sustainable Genetic Resources of Local Beef Cattle for National Livestock Breeding System Hardjosubroto, Wartomo
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (502.94 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v14i3.800

Abstract

Various efforts have been done by the government to enhance the productivity and population of beef cattle in Indonesia. One of the programs that have been carried out for a long time is crossbreeding using artificial insemination method with frozen semen known as AI program. Not less than 10 breeds of imported beef cattle have been introduced . However, the cross breeding is not followed by a clear breeding program, thus if it is not straightened out it will have negative impacts on the quality of the breed. In fact, due to the decentralization euphoria several regions established their own Artificial Insemination station (AIS). Providing there is no clear breeding program carried out, there will be a decrease in the livestock productivity, such as the increase of inbreeding . Several alternatives in managing sustainable genetic resources of local beef cattle (for examples, Bali cattle, Madura cattle, Ongole cross breed, and Sumba Ongole) are: (1) The broadening of grass field through the integrated concept of plant and livestock and livestock "transmigration" ; (2) the alteration of regulations regarding the authority of the central government related to the quality of livestock genetic, the conservation of local cattle areas, and the authority of the National Germ plasm Commission; (3) Revitalization of the role of seed stock Institutes, reviving ranching ; and (4) The importance of cross breeding impacts on productivity and its economic contribution . Key words: Beefcattle, breeding system, alternative of policy

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