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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development
ISSN : 02166461     EISSN : 23546832     DOI : 10.14334
Core Subject : Health,
Veterinary
WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue " Vol 17, No 1 (2007)" : 6 Documents clear
Feeding Strategy for The Development of Buffalo Farming ., Suhubdy
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (104.291 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v17i1.885

Abstract

Until recently, cattle meat is believed as a dominant source of red meat that fulfills the market demands of Indonesia’s consumers. Meat demands tend to increase in the future caused by the increase income of human beings. As a consequence, the population of cattle tends to decrease and their role as meat producer should be in part or fully overcome and substituted by other ruminant livestock. Buffalo is one of the native ruminant livestock breeds of Indonesia that nutritionally and physiologically is not so different from cattle. This animal may be suitable and affordable to enhance the meat production. However, the present progress of buffalo population is not as good as cattle. This may be to some extent, related to the governmental policy that never lists it for a long time, as a high priority program in livestock development. Beside this constraint, buffalo has some strength to be optimized by improving its genetic potentiality and environmental related aspects. This paper deals with the effort of improving the nutrition and feed availability of buffalo with special focus on the applied feed technology. In the future, this approach will hopefully accelerate the buffalo population rate.   Key words: Buffalo, feed technology, forage, red meat, milk, nutrition, livestock farming
Innovation in Feed Technology for Self Sufficiency in Poultry Production Tangendjaja, Budi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (73.849 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v17i1.886

Abstract

Indonesia is self sufficient in poultry production to meet the local demand for broiler and egg, mainly derived from modern poultry rather than the local village chicken. Feed may contribute up to 70% of total cost of poultry production. Poultry feed is formulated using least cost feed formulation technique to meet the bird requirement and composed by several ingredients both locally available and imported materials. Feed ingredients are classified based on energy sources, protein sources, agro-industrial by products, mineral sources and supplements. In many cases the poultry feed was supplemented with additives (antibiotics, enzymes, preservatives, etc.) to improve animal performance. In 2005, Indonesian feed production reached almost 7 million tonnes and comprised around 85% as poultry feed, while the rest for aquaculture, swine and others. Poultry feed is based on corn-soy diet and average corn usage may reach more than 55% while soybean meal more than 23%. Ingredients requirement has been calculated based on the feed production and in order to fulfill the requirement. In 2006, Indonesia will import more than 1.6 million tonnes of corn from Argentina, USA and China, and more than 1.5 million tonnes of protein meal due to insufficiency of the local production. Major problems related in feed production are raw materials supply, quality and price fluctuation along with limited information. Several research have been conducted to use unconventional ingredients as protein sources such as local beans, leguminous seeds, leaf protein, animal by products  but they were limited in availability. Research to improve protein level from carbohydrate source or by products had been attempted but it was not feasible for commercial feed industry. In future, technology innovation should be developed based on the existing problems related with feed industry including the areas to improve production efficiency, managing feed quality, processing technology and feed additives development. Scenario of poultry production for 2020 has been exercised and discussed in this paper.   Key words: Poultry, feed, technology, innovation, feed ingredient
Income Optimization of Dairy Farm to Increase National Milk Production Kusnadi, Uka; Juarini, E
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (83.6 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v17i1.887

Abstract

The program to improve national milk production over the past years has not been well targeted. This is indicated by the slow increase of dairy population and milk production that could not meet the increasing demand. It should be apparently focus on income generation of dairy farmers to increase their welfare so that they are willing to improve their dairy business that will affect national milk production. Implementation of economical dairy management and technology, could increase milk production, hence improve the farmer’s income. This could be done through several ways, i.e.: economical dairy composition, optimization of dry period and improvement milk hygiene. All these aspects including technical aspect are discussed in this paper. Apart from above, income optimalization could also be done by reducing the price of feed concentrate, raising only productive dairy cows and managing milk cooperative efficiently. Key words: Dairy, business, optimalization, income
Congenital Transmission of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (Ibr) in Cattle and Buffalo in Indonesia ., Sudarisman
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (159.785 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v17i1.888

Abstract

Congenital transmissions of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in cattle and buffalo in Indonesia have been found along time ago, primarily in animals treated with artificial insemination which semen came from the BHV-1 virus infected bull. The artificial insemination industry concerns with BHV-1 virus contamination of semen from healthy seropositive bulls with latent infections. Collection of semen from bulls maintained with a rigorous herd health program is an unlikely source of distribution of BHV-1 virus. Virus from the lesions in infected bulls can contaminate semen and causes a hazard to artificial insemination practices. Preventing the congenital transmission should be done at the artificial insemination centre through a standard procedure for semen production and the semen must come from a seronegative BHV-1 virus bull. Serological test for BHV-1 virus should be done every six months and PCR test should be conducted to the semen batch showed seropositive results and also to the bulls showed clinical signs of IBR. Virus isolation can be done from samples of suspected bulls. Bulls are potential sources of infection, thus keeping the seropositive or IBR infected bulls should be avoided. Such bulls can transmit the disease during breeding. Some female cattle can develop a latent infection that can be reactivated, and the disease can be transmitted to the male during breeding or in neonatal calves during late gestation or shortly after birth. Embryo transfer technique which is encouraged at this time is also a concern since its possibility infected with BHV-1 virus.   Key words: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), semen, cattle, artificial insemination, buffalo
Scabies Vaccine is Required, but Difficult to be Made Tarigan, Simson
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (88.068 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v17i1.889

Abstract

Sarcoptes scabiei, the mite causing scabies, infests human and at least 40 species of animals. The losses associated with the disease as a public health burden and economic losses are enormous because its prevalence is very high. The current available control by treating individuals diagnosed to have the disease is both ineffective and unpractical. Besides, dissatisfaction with the pharmacological control is escalating due to the development of resistance in the mites and rejection by consumers for animals products contaminated with drug residues. Vaccination is considered to be most the attractive alternative control although the availability of vaccine is still a long way off. Control of scabies by vaccination is considered to be feasible since animals recovered from the disease posses protective immunity against mite reinfestation. In addition, despite the fact that the mites reside not deeper than the unvascularised stratum corneum and they are not blood sucking parasites, they do ingest their host immunoglobulin.  Vaccine  for scabies,  as  for  other  ectoparasitic  diseases,  includes subunit vaccine  developed  from  mite protective antigen produced by recombinant technology. Identification of sarcoptic protective antigen which comprise the first step in the vaccine development impede by the lability and low abundance of the protective antigen, and the difficulty in obtaining sufficient amount of mites. Identification of sarcoptic protective antigen by conventional biochemical technique, although the technique has been successful for other parasites, has been unsatisfactory for S. scabiei. Identifying the protective antigen just among proteins having vital functions in the survival of mites and accessible by the effector arms of the host immune system seems to be a more feasible alternative. The allergens and membrane proteins lining the digestive tract of the mites seem to fulfil the criteria.   Key words: Sarcoptes scabiei, protective antigen, scabies vaccine
Ki Rinyuh (Chromolaena odorata (L) R.M. King and H. Robinson): The Harmful Pasture’s Weed Prawiradiputra, Bambang R
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (165.054 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v17i1.890

Abstract

Ki rinyuh (Chromolaena odorata (L) R.M. King and H. Robinson) is one of the important weeds in Indonesia. Originally from Central America, but now the weed spreads out tropical and sub-tropical countries. The weed is well grown in any kind of soil. The harmful effect of C. odorata on livestock in Indonesia first reported in 1971. They are four reasons to put this species as detrimental weed: (1) decreases carrying capacity, (2) poisons or probably causes death of livestock, (3) competitor with grasses or legumes  crops,  and  (4)  fire  hazard  especially  in  the  dry seasons.  Herbicides  control  is  not  effective  and  it  is  not environmentally friendly. Other ways of controlling this weed are by slashing and biological control. Controlling C. odorata by combination of slashing and herbicides would be more effective than using herbicides only. The weed can be utilized as fertilizer or growth regulator to improve plant morphology and to increase the yield of some plants.   Key words: Chromolaena odorata, weed, pasture, control, benefit

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