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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 23017406     EISSN : 26151138     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions
Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas merupakan Jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 53 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 2 (2015)" : 53 Documents clear
Aktifitas Listrik pada Otot Jantung Lili Irawati
Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jka.v4i2.306

Abstract

AbstrakKontraksi sel otot jantung terjadi oleh adanya potensial aksi yang dihantarkan sepanjang membran sel otot jantung. Jantung akan berkontraksi secara ritmik, akibat adanya impuls listrik yang dibangkitkan oleh jantung sendiri. Potensial aksi pada membran saraf dan otot rangka dapat terjadi bila ada rangsangan dari luar sedangkan pada membran sel otot jantung potensial aksi dapat terjadi tanpa adanya rangsangan. Berbeda dari sel saraf dan sel otot rangka yang memiliki potensial membran istirahat. Sel-sel khusus jantung tidak memiliki potensial membran istirahat. Sel-sel ini memperlihatkan aktivitas “pacemaker” (picu jantung) berupa depolarisasi lambat yang diikuti oleh potensial aksi apabila potensial membran tersebut mencapai ambang tetap. Hal ini menimbulkan potensial aksi secara berkala yang akan menyebar keseluruh jantung untuk menyebabkan jantung berdenyut secara teratur tanpa adanya rangsangan melalui saraf. Potensial aksi sel otoritmik jantung mempunyai 4 fase: fase 0 (depolarisasi cepat), fase 1 (repolarisasi awal), fase 2 (plateu), fase 3 (repolarisasi cepat), fase 4 (istirahat).Kata kunci: aktifitas listrik otot jantung, potensial aksi AbstractThe heart muscle cells contraction occur by potential act delivered throughout heart muscle cell. The heart will contract ryhtmically, result from existence of electric impulses excited by heart its self. The potential act at cells membrane of nerve cells and striated muscle can occur when there is stimuli from outer, while cells membrane of heart muscle can occur without stimuli. Nerve cells and striated muscle cells have rest potential membrane, specific heart cells have no rest potential membrane. These cells show “pacemaker activity, are slow depolarization followed with potential act when the potential membrane reach the stable threshold. Therefore, the potential act appear periodically that will spread throughout the heart and cause heart bite regularly without stimuli via nerve. The potential act of heart autorhytmic cell have 4 phase: phase 0 (fast depolarization), phase 1 (initial repolarization), phase 2 (plateau), and phase 4 (resting).Keywords: electric activity, heart muscles, potential act.
Hubungan Faktor Lingkungan dengan Kejadian Diare Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kambang Kecamatan Lengayang Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Tahun 2013 Fitra Dini; Rizanda Machmud; Roslaili Rasyid
Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jka.v4i2.271

Abstract

AbstrakPuskesmas Kambang adalah kejadian diare terbanyak di Pesisir Selatan yang menjadi insiden tertinggi di Sumatera Barat tahun 2012 dengan kondisi sanitasi yang sehat kurang dari 60%. Hampir sepertiga kasusnnya terjadi pada balita (26,7%). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor lingkungan dengan kejadian diare balita. Penelitian menggunakan desain analitik cross sectional dengan jumlah subjek 63 orang dengan teknik multi stage random sampling. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner melalui wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan analisis univariat kejadian diare balita 36 (57,1%), pembuangan tinja yang tidak sehat 34 (54%), sumber air minum tidak sehat 30 (47,6%), SPAL RT yang buruk 40 (63,5%), pengelolaan sampah yang buruk 36 (57,1%). Analisis bivariat didapatkan hasil ada hubungan signifikan antara pembuangan tinja dengan kejadian diare balita (p=0,010), OR=4,5. Ada hubungan signifikan antara sumber air minum dengan kejadian diare balita (p=0,026), OR=3,7. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara SPAL RT dengan kejadian diare balita (p=0,003), OR=6. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengelolaan sampah dengan kejadian diare balita (p=0,043), OR=3,3. Kesimpulan adalah ada hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor lingkungan.Kata kunci: diare, balita, faktor lingkungan AbstractKambang Health Center has the highest incidence of diarrhea in the South Pesisir which became the highest incidence in West Sumatra in 2012 with healthy sanitary conditions of less than 60%. Nearly one-third of cases occur in children under five (26.7%). The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of environmental factors with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five.This study used a cross sectional analytic method with a total subjek were 63 people, chosen by multistage random sampling technique. This study also used a questionnaire with interviewed and observation. Univariate analysis results showed that the incidence of diarrhea children under five 36 (57.1%), unsanitary excreta disposal 34 (54%), the source of drinking water is not healthy 30 (47.6%), poor waste water drainage system 40 (63.5%), poor waste management 36 (57.1%). Bivariate analysis showed significant relationship between excreta disposal site with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five with p=0.010 and OR=4.5. There is a significant relationship between sources of drinking water with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five with p=0.026 and OR=3.7. There is a significant relationship between the waste water drainage system with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five with p=0.003 and OR=6. There is a significant relationship between waste management with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five with p=0.043 and OR=3.3.In conclusion, there were significant relationship between environmental factors.Keywords: diarrhea, children under five, environmental factors
Perbedaan Kadar LDL-kolesterol pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan dan tanpa Hipertensi di RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2011 Finisia Noviyanti; Eva Decroli; Susila Sastri
Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jka.v4i2.297

Abstract

AbstrakHipertensi seringkali menjadi kondisi komorbid yang menyertai diabetes melitus tipe 2. Diabetes melitus, hipertensi dan peningkatan LDL kolesterol merupakan keadaan yang sering dijumpai saling berkaitan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan kadar LDL kolesterol penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan dan tanpa hipertensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional comparatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi data rekam medis pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan dan tanpa hipertensi tahun 2011 di RS. Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji t-berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menemukan kadar LDL kolesterol pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan hipertensi (137,56±41,43 mg/dl) lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa hipertensi (94,39±35,36 mg/dl). Uji chi-square menunjukkkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara peningkatan kadar LDL kolesterol dengan kejadian hipertensi (p<0,05). Uji t-berpasangan menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan bermakna kadar LDL kolesterol antara kelompok pasien diabetes melitus dengan hipertensi dan tanpa hipertensi (p<0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna kadar LDL kolesterol pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan hipertensi dan tanpa hipertensi di RS. Dr. M. Djamil Padang.Kata kunci: LDL kolesterol, diabetes melitus tipe 2, hipertensi AbstractHypertension is often a comorbid conditions that accompany diabetes mellitus type 2. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and increased LDL cholesterol is a condition that is often be found related one another. The objective of this study was to determine difference LDL cholesterol level among diabetes melitus type 2 with hypertension and without hypertension.This research used cross-sectional comparatif design. The data was collected through observation of the patient’s medical records diabetes mellitus type 2 with hypertension and without hypertension in 2011 at the hospital Dr. M. Djamil Padang. The statistical analysis used was chi-square test and paired-T test. The results found that the levels of LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 with hypertension (137,56±41,43) was higher than without hypertension (94,39±35,36). Chi square test was found that a significant correlation between elevates levels of LDL cholesterol to the incidence of hypertension (p<0,05). Paired-t test showed that there were significant differences of LDL cholesterol levels between groups of diabetes mellitus type 2 with hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 without hypertension (p<0,05).This research conclude that there are differences in the levels of LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes melitus type 2 with hypertension and without hypertension in the hospital Dr. M. Djamil Padang in 2011.Keywords: LDL cholesterol, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension

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