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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
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Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 18, No 1 (2014)" : 7 Documents clear
Biological Control of Plant Disease Caused by Bacteria Triwidodo Arwiyanto
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5557.393 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15352

Abstract

Bacterial diseases in plants are difficult to control. The emphasis is on preventing the spread of the bacteria rather than curing the diseased plant. Integrated management measures for bacterial plant pathogens should be applied for successfull control. Biological control is one of the control measures viz. through the use of microorganisms to suppress the growth and development of bacterial plant pathogen and ultimately reduce the possibility of disease onset. The study of biological control of bacterial plant pathogen was just began compared with of fungal plant pathogen. The ecological nature of diverse bacterial plant pathogens has led scientists to apply different approach in the investigation of its biological control. The complex process of entrance to its host plant for certain soil-borne bacterial plant pathogens need special techniques and combination of more than one biological control agent. Problem and progress in controlling bacterial plant pathogens biologically will be discussed in more detail in the paper and some commercial products of biological control agents (biopesticides) will be introduced.  Penyakit tumbuhan karena bakteri sulit dikendalikan. Penekanan pengendalian adalah pada pencegahan penyebaran bakteri patogen dan bukan pada penyembuhan tanaman yang sudah sakit. Untuk suksesnya pengendalian bakteri patogen tumbuhan diperlukan cara pengelolaan yang terpadu. Pengendalian secara biologi merupakan salah satu cara pengendalian dengan menggunakan mikroorganisme untuk menekan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bakteri patogen tumbuhan dengan tujuan akhir menurunkan kemungkinan timbulnya penyakit. Sifat ekologi bakteri patogen tumbuhan yang berbeda-beda mengharuskan pendekatan yang berbeda pula dalam pengendaliannya secara biologi. Masalah dan perkembangan dalam pengendalian bakteri patogen tumbuhan secara biologi didiskusikan secara detail dalam makalah ini.
Pengendalian Kimia dan Ketahanan Colletotrichum spp. terhadap Fungisida Simoksanil pada Cabai Merah Niken Rasmi Paramita; Christanti Sumardiyono; Sudarmadi Sudarmadi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15601

Abstract

Colletotrichum sp. is an important pathogen on pepper and caused losses up to 50-100% in rainy season. The objectives of this study is to examine the ability of Curxanil 8/64WP (mixed fungicides between cymoxanil and mancozeb 8/64) in controlling Colletotrichum sp., and to know the resistance of the pathogen against fungicides in vitro. Field experiment was arranged in Complete Randomized Block Design with five treatments i. e. 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% of each tested fungicide, compared with 0.2% mancozeb, with four replications. Fungicides toxicity were tested in vitro using Poisoned Food Technique. This experiment was arranged in Complete Randomized Design with eight treatments i.e. 0, 50, 100, 200, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm of mancozeb, cymoxanil, and curxanil with four replications. Fungicides resistance assay of Colletotrichum sp. against Curxanil was tested using the same method with gradually increasing fungicide concentrations.The results showed that in the field, anthracnose disease of red pepper can be controlled with 0.2% Curxanil. In vitro test showed that mancozeb at 800 ppm inhibited 98.8% colony diameter of Colletotrichum sp., while cymoxanil at 2000 ppm only reduced 37.2%. Colletotrichum sp. treated with gradually increasing concentration of Curxanil showed that its colony diameter could not be reduced and still grew 52.6% compared with one time treatment. This showed that Colletotrichum sp. had a potency to be resistant against cymoxanil. This problem can be avoided by mixing cymoxanil and mancozeb fungicides.  Colletotrichum sp. adalah jamur patogen penting pada cabai merah. Kehilangan hasil mencapai 50-100% pada musim hujan. Pengendalian yang selama ini dilakukan adalah dengan fungisida. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji kemampuan fungisida Curxanil 8/64 WP (campuran simoksanil dengan mankozeb 8/64 WP) di lapangan dalam mengendalikan Colletotrichum spp. Penelitian lapangan disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu Curxanil dengan konsentrasi 0, 0,1, 0,2, 0,3, 0,4 %, dan mankozeb 0,2 % sebagai pembanding, dengan 4 ulangan. Percobaan di laboratorium bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan fungisida Curxanil dengan mankozeb terhadap perkembangan koloni jamur patogen dan menguji ketahanan Colletotrichum spp. terhadap fungisida. Uji daya racun fungisida in vitro dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 8 perlakuan yaitu 0, 50, 100, 200, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm dengan menggunakan Teknik Makanan Beracun. Uji ketahanan Colletotrichum spp. terhadap fungisida dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan patogen pada PDA dengan konsentrasi Curxanil yang dinaikkan secara bertahap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungisida Curxanil mampu mengendalikan patogen pada konsentrasi 0,2 % di lapangan. Mankozeb 800 ppm dapat menghambat perkembangan koloni Colletotrichum spp., 98,8%. Campuran simoksanil dengan mankozeb pada 50 ppm sudah dapat menghambat 100%, sedangkan simoksanil tidak dapat menghambat perkembangan koloni Collletotricum spp. Sampai dengan 2000 ppm diameter koloni hanya terhambat 32,7%. Jamur Colletotrichum spp. menunjukkan kecenderungan ketahanan terhadap simoksanil setelah diperlakukan berulang kali dan masih dapat tumbuh 52,6%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemunculan strain Colletotrichum spp. tahan simoksanil dapat dihambat dengan fungisida campuran simoksanil dengan mankozeb. 
Dampak Erupsi Merapi 2010 terhadap Serangga Penyerbuk Bunga Salak F. X. Wagiman; Ferryko Efendi; Tri Harjaka
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15570

Abstract

The research was aimed at determining the impact of Merapi eruption in 2010 on pollinator insect of Salacca edulis. The research was conducted at Keringan hamlet, Wonokerto village, Turi District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Territory. Species and population of the insect were observed at salacca plantation that were damaged by Merapi eruption in 2010 in the following category: heavy damage, medium damage, light damage, and undamaged. Five respondents and 10 salacca plants/respondent were sampled for each of the damage category. Respondents were interviewed to understand their perception on the eruption impact against the pollinator insect. Results showed that the pollinator insect was Nodocnemis sp. The insect population was significantly influenced by the eruption. Population average on the damage category of heavy, medium, light, and undamaged were 8.59, 17.33, 31.35, and 61.10 individuals/flower, respectively. The insect population was also significantly influenced by the flower development, the highest population was observed on blooming stage (92.33 individuals/flower), while on stage of pre-and post blooming were 17.37 and 8.14 individuals/flower, respectively. The farmer respondents understood about the role of pollinator insect. They thought that the Merapi eruption influenced negatively to the pollinator insect. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak erupsi Merapi terhadap serangga penyerbuk bunga salak (Salacca edulis). Penelitian dilakukan di kebun salak di Dusun Keringan, Desa Wonokerto, Kecamatan Turi, Kabupaten Sleman, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, selama bulan Maret−Mei 2011. Jenis dan populasi serangga penyerbuk diamati in situ pada bunga salak yang belum mekar, mekar, dan lewat mekar. Bunga salak diamati di kebun salak yang rusak akibat erupsi Merapi 2010 berdasarkan kategori rusak berat, rusak sedang, rusak ringan, dan tidak rusak. Pada setiap kategori kerusakan kebun diambil sampel 5 (lima) petani salak responden dan 10 pohon salak jantan yang berbunga diambil dari kebun milik masing-masing responden. Wawancara terhadap petani dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kesan petani terhadap dampak erupsi Merapi terhadap serangga penyerbuk bunga salak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis serangga penyerbuk adalah Nodocnemis sp. Populasi Nodocnemis sp. secara signifikan (P <0.05) dipengaruhi oleh erupsi Merapi. Rerata populasi (ekor/tandan bunga jantan) pada kebun yang rusak berat, rusak sedang, rusak ringan, dan tidak rusak sebesar 8,59; 17,33; 31,35; dan 61,10. Populasi Nodocnemis sp. juga dipengaruhi oleh tingkat perkembangan bunga salak; paling tinggi pada bunga mekar (92,33 ekor/tandan bunga jantan), sedang pada bunga belum mekar dan lewat mekar sebesar 17,37 dan 8,14 ekor/tandan bunga jantan. Petani responden paham tentang peran serangga penyerbuk bunga salak dan berkesan bahwa erupsi Merapi berdampak negatif terhadap serangga  penyerbuk tersebut. 
Identifikasi Molekuler Virus Penyebab Penyakit Daun Keriting Isolat Bantul pada Melon Fariha Wilisiani; Susamto Somowiyarjo; Sedyo Hartono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15602

Abstract

One of important problems of melon farming in Yogyakarta is a leaf curl disease that show specific symptom of Begomovirus infection. The little information about the nature of virus causal agent was constraint for the disease management. The purposes of this research were to molecularly identify the leaf curl causing virus in melon in Yogyakarta and to find the genetic relationship of this virus with other Begomovirus members which cause leaf curl disease. This research was conducted through several phases, which are: curly leaves collection on the field, virus DNA isolation, Begomovirus identification using universal primer Krusty Homer, Begomovirus DNA-A and DNA-B detection using primer Gemini full BamH1 forward and reverse for full genome DNA-A, and primer BF518 and BR1641 for DNA-B, genome sequencing and genetic relationship analysis of the sequence with other Begomovirus causing leaf curl. The result of field studies which were conducted in Sewon found some melon plant with symptom of Begomovirus infection. The molecular identification result using PCR showed that leaf curl causing virus in melon is Begomovirus, having DNA-A and DNA-B. Genetic relationship analysis of this virus with other Begomovirus causing leaf curl shows that this virus is closely related with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (AB267834) based on nucleotide and amino acid sequencing as coat protein of Begomovirus. The result of shows that the study is the first report of PepYLCIDV infection, a bipartite genome virus on melon, and its natural leaf curl symptom in Indonesia. Salah satu kendala budidaya melon (Cucumis melo L.) di Yogyakarta yaitu adanya penyakit daun keriting dengan gejala khas infeksi Begomovirus. Belum tersedianya informasi mengenai jenis dan ciri patogen virus penyebab penyakit tersebut merupakan salah satu kendala penting dalam menentukan strategi pengelolaan virus tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi secara molekuler virus penyebab daun keriting pada melon di Yogyakarta dan mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan virus tersebut dengan virus anggota Begomovirus lain penyebab daun keriting yang telah dipublikasi di database genebank. Penelitian dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan, yaitu deskripsi gejala daun keriting di lapangan, isolasi DNA virus, identifikasi Begomovirus dengan primer universal Krusty Homer, deteksi DNA-A dan DNA-B Begomovirus dengan primer Gemini full BamH1 forward dan reverse untuk full genome DNA-A, serta primer BF518 dan BR1641 untuk DNA-B, sequencing genom, dan analisis hubungan kekerabatan sequence tersebut dengan Begomovirus lain penyebab daun keriting. Hasil pengamatan lapangan di Sewon Bantul diperoleh tanaman melon dengan gejala khas infeksi Begomovirus. Hasil identifikasi secara molekuler dengan PCR menunjukkan bahwa virus penyebab daun keriting pada melon adalah Begomovirus, memiliki DNA-A dan DNA-B. Analisis hubungan kekerabatan virus penyebab daun keriting pada melon dengan Begomovirus lain penyebab daun keriting menunjukkan bahwa virus tersebut berkerabat dekat dengan Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (AB267834) berdasarkan sekuen nukleotida dan asam amino sebagian coat protein Begomovirus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penelitian ini merupakan laporan pertama infeksi PepYLCIDV dengan bipartite genome pada melon dengan gejala daun keriting secara alamiah di Indonesia. 
Molecular and Pathotype Identification of Potato Cyst Nematodes Mulyadi Mulyadi; Siwi Indarti; Bambang Rahayu T.P.; B. Triman
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15571

Abstract

In Indonesia, potato cyst nematode (PCN) was first reported in Bumiaji, Kota Batu, East Java by PT Syngenta and was identified as Globodera rostochiensis. Based on the surveillances, G. rostochiensis were also found in Batur, Banjarnegara, and Kejajar, Wonosobo, and Pangalengan, Bandung. In addition, in Batur, Banjarnegara, another species which was identified as G. pallida was found. The aim of this research were to identify the species of PCN using molecular method, pathotype identification, and to study the distributions of PCN especially in Java. The PCN are collected from potato planting areas in Kota Batu, East Java; Wonosobo and Banjarnegara, Central Java; and Pangalengan, Bandung, West Java. PCN were extracted and isolated from soil, and then identified by  morphological and molecular analysis. PCN were found in potato planting areas in Kota Batu, East Java; Wonosobo and Banjarnegara, Central Java; and Pangalengan, West Java. Based on the morphological characters, molecular method, and the differential host test, the PCN identified as G. rostochiensis are amplified an approximately 434 bp with pathotype Ro2. Di Indonesia, nematoda sista kentang (NSK) pertama dilaporkan di Bumiaji, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur oleh PT Syngenta yang diidentifikasi sebagai Globodera rostochiensis. Berdasarkan hasil survei, NSK ditemukan di Batur, Banjarnegara dan Kejajar, Wonosobo, Pangalengan. Spesies G. pallida juga ditemukan Batur, Banjarnegara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies NSK menggunakan metode molekuler, identifikasi patotipe NSK, dan untuk mengetahui penyebaran NSK khususnya di Pulau Jawa. Sampel NSK dikumpulkan dari lahan pertanaman kentang di Bumiaji, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur; Wonosobo dan Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah; serta Pangalengan, Bandung, Jawa Tengah. NSK diekstraksi dan diisolasi dari tanah yang selanjutnya diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan analisis molekuler. NSK yang terdapat pada lahan pertanaman kentang ditemukan di Kota Batu, Jawa Timur; Wonosobo dan Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah; serta Pangalengan, Jawa Tengah. Berdasarkan karakter  morfologi, metode secara molekuler, dan uji kesesuaian inang, NSK yang diperoleh teridentifikasi sebagai G. rostochiensis yang teramplifikasi pada kisaran 434 bp dengan patotipe Ro2. 
Sebaran Genera Nematoda Nonparasit Tumbuhan pada Kopi Arabika Ratna Widowati; Siwi Indarti; Bambang Rahayu T.P.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15572

Abstract

This research aims to know the diversity, and population abundance of non plant parasitic nematodes in the soil of Arabica coffee. The samples were taken from healthy and infected plants (those that have infection symptoms). The  research area taken at coffee plantation in blok I, II, III, IV, Bentaan, and VI at Afdeling Plalangan Blawan’s estate, Bondowoso, East Java. From each block ten plants were taken, five each for healthy and infected plants. Analysis of nematode population was done by whitehead tray technique modification method. Identification was done based on the characteristic of non- parasitic nematode. The results showed that the genera of non-parasitic nematodes found include Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, Aphelenchus, Acrobeles, and Mononchus. The non-parasitic nematodes population were found to be higher in healthy, rather than on the infected plants soil. The genus Rhabditis population in healthy plant was 86.61 nematodes/ 100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 56.01 nematodes/100 ml of soil. The genus Dorylaimus population in healthy plant was 49.9 nematodes/100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 95.6 nematodes/100 ml of soil. The genus Mononchus population in healthy plant was 53.00 nematodes/100 ml of soil, while in infected plants was 37.65 nematodes/ 100 ml of soil. The genera of Aphelenchus and Acrobeles populations were 98.28 nematodes/100 ml and 0.0792/100 ml of soil, respectively. Non-parasitic nematodes were more abundant in healthy soil than in infected soil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genera serta kelimpahan nematoda nonparasit pada tanah pertanaman kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel tanah yang diambil pada tanaman sehat dan tanaman yang menunjukkan gejala sakit terserang nematoda. Lahan pertanaman yang diamati Afdeling Plalangan, Kebun Blawan, Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Masing-masing blok diambil sepuluh tanaman, mencakup lima tanaman sehat dan lima tanaman yang bergejala terserang nematoda. Analisis populasi nematoda dilakukan dengan metode nampan saring (metode Whitehead Tray yang telah dimodifikasi), dilanjutkan identifikasi berdasarkan karakter dan morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pertanaman kopi ada beberapa genera nematoda non-parasit tumbuhan yaitu Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, Aphelenchus, Acrobeles, dan Mononchus. Populasi nematoda nonparasit pada tanah sehat lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada tanah terinfeksi nematoda parasite tanaman. Populasi tertinggi genus Rhabditis pada tanaman yang sehat yaitu 86,61ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 56,01 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Dorylaimus tertinggi pada tanaman sehat 49,9 ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 95,6 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Mononchus tertinggi tanaman sehat 53,00 ekor/100 ml tanah, sebaliknya pada tanaman sakit 37,65 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Aphelenchus 98,28 ekor/100 ml tanah. Populasi genus Acrobeles 0,0792/100 ml. Nematoda nonparasit pada tanah sehat lebih melimpah dibandingkan di tanah terinfeksi nematoda.
Pola Sebaran Kelompok Telur Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pada Beberapa Fase Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) Subiadi Subiadi; Y. Andi Trisyono; Edhi Martono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15573

Abstract

A field study was conducted to determine the distribution of egg masses of Ostrinia furnacalis on corn leaves and within corn field. The corn field was divided into three regions: the inner edge closed to other crops and outer edge closed to main road and the middle region. The numbers of egg masses laid were recorded entirely in all corn plants existed (census method). Egg laying period lasted for 34 days, with 11 days from initiation of egg laying to the peak of oviposition and 23 days from the peak to termination of egg laying. The egg masses laid on corn leaves were distributed in aggregation pattern. During eight-opened-leaf to twelve-opened-leaf stages, there were 847 egg masses found, and 80.9% was laid on the sixth-to-ninth leaves. From tasseling to blister stages there were 491 egg masses found of which approximately 80.7% was laid on the seventh-to-11 32.8, and 29.8% of those were found in the inner edge, middle, and outer edge of corn field, respectively. leaves. Egg masses laid within corn field varied, in which 37.4, 32.8, and 29.8% of those were found in the inner edge, middle, and outer edge of corn field, respectively. Kajian lapang dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran peletakan kelompok telur ngengat Ostrinia furnacalis pada daun tanaman jagung dan penyebarannya pada lahan pertanaman jagung. Lahan penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu lahan pinggir dalam berdekatan dengan pertanaman lain, bagian tengah lahan, dan lahan pinggir luar berdekatan dengan jalan raya. Pengamatan kelompok telur dilakukan pada seluruh tanaman jagung (sensus). Periode peletakan telur berlangsung selama 34 hari, dengan periode inisiasi hingga puncak 11 hari dan periode setelah puncak hingga akhir peletakan telur 23 hari. Peletakan telur O. furnacalis pada daun tanaman jagung menyebar secara berkelompok. Pada fase 8 hingga 10 daun telah terbuka sempurna ditemukan sebanyak 847 kelompok telur, 80,9% diantaranya  ditemukan pada daun ke 6–9. Pada fase VT (bunga jantan) hingga fase R2 (bunga betina telah kering) ditemukan sebanyak 491 kelompok telur, 80,7% diantaranya ditemukan pada daun 7–11. Penyebaran kelompok telur pada bagian lahan terjadi secara berkelompok. Jumlah kelompok telur tertinggi berturut-turut dari bagian lahan pinggir dalam, bagian tengah lahan, dan bagian lahan pinggir luar masing-masing 37,4; 32,8; dan 29,8%. 

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