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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 20, No 1 (2016)" : 8 Documents clear
Relative Fitness and Feeding Capacity of Imidacloprid Resistant Nilaparvata lugens Jesayas A. Londingkene; Y. Andi Trisyono; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Edhi Martono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (29.669 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17540

Abstract

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that is recommended for controlling Nilaparvata lugens. In Asian countries, such as, China, Vietnam, India, and Thailand, imidacloprid has caused resistance to N. lugens. Imidacloprid has also caused resistance to N. lugens based on some previous studies in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the fitness and feeding capacity of imidacloprid-resistant N. lugens. The population of N. lugens used in this study had a resistance level of 50.64 times compared to the susceptible population. When the resistant and susceptible population of N. lugens did not receive any exposure to imidacloprid, the susceptible population had better fitness than the resistance one. However, the fitness of the resistant population increased when this population was resistance which sublethal cencentration (LC50 & LC20) of imidacloprid. The increase fitness of this resistant population most likely related to the increase in feeding capacity of the resistant population when they were treated which sublethal imidacloprid. These findings suggest that the field population of N. lugens that have developed resistance would increase the probability of outbreak if they were sprayed with imidacloprid. INTISARI Imidakloprid adalah insektisida neonicotinoid yang direkomendasikan untuk mengendalikan Nilaparvata lugens. Di negara Asia, seperti, China, Vietnam, India, dan Thailand, imidakloprid telah menyebabkan resistensi terhadap N. lugens. Di Indonesia, berdasarkan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya dilaporkan imidakloprid juga menyebabkan resistensi terhadap N. lugens. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kebugaran relatif dan kemampuan makan N. lugens resisten terhadap imidakloprid. Populasi N. lugens yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mempunyai tingkat resistensi 50,64 kali dibandingkan dengan populasi peka. N. lugens populasi resisten dan peka apabila tidak dipapar dengan imidakloprid, populasi peka mempunyai kebugaran lebih baik dari pada resisten, namun kebugaran dari N. lugens populasi resisten meningkat ketika populasi tersebut dipapar dengan imidakloprid konsentrasi subletaal (LC50 & LC20). Peningkatan kebugaran populasi N. lugens resisten diduga terkait dengan peningkatan kemampuan makan akibat dipapar lagi dengan imidakloprid subletal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ledakan N. lugens akan terjadi, apabila populasi N. lugens yang telah resisten terhadap imidakloprid dipapar lagi dengan imidakloprid. 
The Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 on The Survival of The Non-Target Pest, Spodoptera litura Kurnia Pratiwi; Y. Andi Trisyono; Edhi Martono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (17.235 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.16618

Abstract

Spodoptera litura is one of the important insect pest of maize besides the notoriously damaging corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis. S. litura has been the target of various controls including the use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2. This study was conducted to evaluate the acute effect of Bt toxin Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 on the growth and development of S. litura from larval to adult stages. Two sublethal concentrations were used; 0.1875 and 0.0469 ppm for Cry1A.105, and 0.0008 and 0.0003 ppm for Cry2Ab2. The bioassay using diet dipping was carried out on a CRD with three experiments and five repetitions. The observation was carried out on the mortality and survival rates of S. litura. The mortality reached 28% when the larvae were treated with 0.1875 ppm and 20% with 0.0469 ppm of Cry 1A.105. The exposed larvae and pupae were smaller than control. Larval and pupal weight were 117.0 and 165.6 g with 0.1875 ppm, while control were 212.9 and 211.2 g. Cry1A.105 also longer the larval stage, larval stage with higher and lower concentration were 24.5 and 22.3 day, while control was 20.5 day. The resulted pupae from larve which exposed by Cry1A.105 were less than control; there were 40% at concentration 0.1875 ppm and control 61%. The two concentration of Cry2Ab2 produced similar mortality of 20%. Similarly, Cry2Ab2 affected pupal to adult stages development. The longevity of pupal stage with concentration 0.0003 ppm was 9.5 days, followed by 0.0008 ppm (9.1 days) and control (10.1 days). The adult emerge on the highest concentration was 47.4% while control only 34.6%. There results showed that both Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 were detrimental to the survival of S. litura which is the non-target insect of transgenic Bt maize. INTISARI Spodoptera litura merupakan salah satu hama penting yang menyerang tanaman jagung, selain Ostrinia furnacalis. Belakangan ini O. furnacalis diketahui telah menjadi target dari berbagai macam cara pengendalian termasuk penggunaan toksin Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1A.105 dan Cry2Ab2. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek akut toksin Bt Cry1A.105 dan Cry2Ab2 terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan S. litura dari larva sampai imago. Dua konsentrasi subletal yang akan digunakan adalah; 0,1875 dan 0,0469 ppm untuk Cry1A.105, dan 0,0008 dan 0,0003 ppm untuk Cry2Ab2. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode celup pakan dan Rancangan Acak Legkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap mortalitas dan kelangsungan hidup S. litura. Mortalitas mencapai 28% pada larva yang dipaparkan dengan 0,1875 ppm dan 20% dengan 0,0469 ppm Cry 1A.105. Larva dan pupa yang terkena toksin berukuran lebih kecil. Berat larva dan pupa yang terpapar toksin dengan konsentrasi 0,1875 ppm, masing – masing 117,0 dan 165,6 g, sedangkan kontrol masing – masing 212,9 dan 211,2 g. Cry1A.105 juga dapat memperpanjang stadia larva. Lama stadia larva dengan konsentrasi tertinggi dan terendah adalah 24,5 dan 22,3 hari, sedangkan kontrol 20,5 hari. Jumlah pupa yang berhasil terbentuk dari larva yang terpapar toxin Cry1A.105 lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan kontrol; pada konsentrasi 0,1875 ppm sebesar 40%, sedangkan kontrol sebesar 61%. Kedua konsentrasi dari toksin Bt Cry2Ab2 menyebabkan mortalitas yang sama yaitu 20%. Cry2Ab2 juga berpengaruh terhadap lama stadia pupa dan tingkat keberhasilan pembentukan imago. Lama stadia pupa dengan konsentrasi 0,0003 ppm adalah 9,5 hari, diikuti dengan konsentrasi 0,0008 ppm (9,1 hari) dan kontrol (10,1 hari). Jumlah imago terbanyak terdapat pada perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 0,0008 ppm sebesar 47,4% sedangkan pada kontrol hanya 34,6%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa toksin Bt Cry1A. 105 dan Cry2Ab2 juga berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup S. litura yang merupakan serangga bukan sasaran dari tanaman jagung transgenik Bt.
Insect Biodiversity in Organic and Non-Organic Rice Ecosystem in The District of Bantul Eka Armi Ovawanda; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Y. Andi Trisyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.16619

Abstract

Measuring biodiversity of insects is an essential part in management concept of insect pest populations based on ecology. This study examined the index of insect biodiversity by measuring species richness, species evenness and heterogeneity in organic and non-organic rice farming ecosystem. The sampling was conducted during the planting season of April–May 2015 and October–November 2015 at 44, 52 and 66 days after rice transplanting (DAT). High number of species richness (7 to 13 species) was found in the non-organic rice field (April–May 2015). In contrast, high number of species richness (22 to 33 species) was found in the organic rice field (October–November 2015). The species evenness and heterogeneity in the organic farming were generally higher than these in the non-organic rice in the both of planting season April–May 2015 and October–November 2015. Overall, the organic rice farming ecosystem can increase species richness, species evenness and heterogeneity of insect. INTISARI Mengukur biodiversitas serangga adalah salah satu bagian penting dalam konsep pengelolaan populasi serangga hama berbasis ekologi. Penelitian ini mengkaji indeks biodiversitas serangga dengan mengukur kekayaan spesies (species richness), kemerataan spesies (species evenness), dan keanekaragaman/kelimpahan spesies (heterogenity) pada sistem budidaya padi organik dan non-organik. Pengambilan sampel diperoleh pada saat musim tanam April–Mei 2015 dan musim tanam Oktober–November 2015 di 44, 52, dan 66 hari setelah tanam. Total kekayaan spesies tertinggi (7–13 spesies) ditemukan di lahan padi non-organik (April–Mei 2015). Sebaliknya, total kekayaan spesies (22–33 spesies) ditemukan di lahan padi organik (Oktober–November 2015). Kemerataan spesies dan heterogenitas di lahan padi organik secara umum lebih tinggi dibanding di padi non-organik pada kedua musim tanam April–Mei 2015 dan Oktober–November 2015. Secara keseluruhan, sistem budidaya di ekosistem padi organik dapat meningkatkan kekayaan spesies, kemerataan spesies, dan heterogenitas serangga.
Activity of Liquid Smoke of Tobacco Stem Waste as An Insecticide on Spodoptera litura Fabricius Larvae Heri Prabowo; Edhi Martono; Witjaksono Witjaksono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.16620

Abstract

The use of chemical insecticide in crop protection around the world has resulted in disturbances of the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop for environmentally friendly insect pest management techniques such as the activity of liquid smoke made from tobacco stem waste as an insecticide to Spodoptera litura. Activity of liquid smoke of tobacco stem waste was carried out at the laboratory condition. The results showed that the application of liquid smoke by using the spraying method (direct method) showed better results compared to the results of feeding method (indirect method). Lethal concentration (LC) at 5 days after treatment, LC50 and LC75 values the direct method of 2.9% and 8.87%, while the indirect method of 6,99% and 21.03%. The sub lethal concentration did not cause mortality of S. litura larvae, but inhibited the growth such as indicated by lower weight of larval and pupal in treated larvae than in control. Liquid smoke of tobacco stem waste has activity as an insecticide to S. litura. INTISARIPenggunaan pestisida kimia dalam pengendalian hama di dunia telah menimbulkan gangguan terhadap lingkungan. Maka teknik pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan perlu dikembangkan, misalnya aktivitas asap cair limbah batang tembakau sebagai insektisida pada Spodoptera litura. Aktivitas asap cair limbah batang tembakau dilakukan pada kondisi laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi asap cair secara langsung (metode semprot) lebih efektif daripada tidak langsung (metode celup pakan). Lethal concentration (LC) pada 5 hari setelah perlakuan, LC50 dan LC75 pada aplikasi langsung sebesar 2,9% dan 8,87%, sedangkan pada aplikasi tidak langsung 6,99% dan 21,03%. Konsentrasi subletal tidak menyebabkan kematian S. litura tetapi mampu menghambat pertumbuhan yang diindikasikan dengan rendahnya bobot larva dan pupa S. litura. Asap cair limbah batang tembakau bersifat insektisida terhadap larva S. litura. 
Obituari: Prof. (Emer.) Dr. Ir. Haryono Semangun Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.16497

Abstract

Parasitism of The Rice Brown Planthopper Eggs in Various Periods of Time of The Day Siti Haryati; Y. Andi Trisyono; Witjaksono Witjaksono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.16621

Abstract

The rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an important pest of rice. Since at the early stage, this pest is infested by parasitoids, but most cultural practices do not consider the existences of parasitoids in rice ecosystem. This study was aimed to determine the level of parasitism on N. lugens with regard to the time of the day. This information would be useful to minimize the effect of insecticide application to the parasitoids. Trapping  of  egg parasitoids in rice ecosystem was conducted every two hours from 05.00 a.m. until 04.00 p.m. Parasitism occured as early as at 05.00 a.m. (12.26% of the total parasitoid found), reached the peak abundance at 11.00 a.m. (36.13%), and decreased at 01.00 p.m. The parasitism level varied from 1.12 to 8.51% at 66 days after planting. The highest number of parasitoids and the highest parasitism level occured when trapping was conducted between 11.00 a.m.−01.00 p.m.. Before and after this period of time, the number of parasitoid emerged and parasitism were low. This suggest that if insecticide is necessary, it should be applied in the early morning or late afternoon. INTISARIWereng batang padi cokelat, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), merupakan salah satu hama penting padi. Praktik budidaya pertanian padi belum memperhatikan aktivitas parasitoid dalam ekosistem. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat parasitasi telur N. lugens pada beberapa waktu dalam sehari. Informasi ini akan bermanfaat untuk mengurangi dampak aplikasi insektisida terhadap parasitoid. Pemerangkapan parasitoid telur N. lugens di lahan padi dilakukan setiap dua jam yang dimulai pada pukul 05.00 sampai pukul 16.00. Parasitoid telur N. lugens mulai aktif pada pukul 05.00 (12,26%), mencapai puncaknya pukul 11.00 (36,13%), dan mulai mengalami penurunan pada pukul 13.00. Tingkat parasitasi pada tanaman padi umur 66 hari setelah tanam berkisar mulai 1,12−8,51%. Hasil pemerangkapan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah parasitoid yang paling banyak muncul dan tingkat parasitisme tinggi terjadi pada waktu pemerangkapan yang dilakukan pada pukul 11.00−13.00. Sebelum dan sesudah waktu pemerangkapan tersebut jumlah parasitoid dan tingkat parasitisme rendah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa apabila aplikasi insektisida diperlukan, maka harus dilakukan di pagi hari atau sore hari. 
Morphological and Molecular Characters of Mimegralla spp. (Diptera: Micropezidae) on Zingiberaceae in Central Java Rahma Widyastuti; Suputa Suputa; Nugroho Susetya Putra
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17537

Abstract

Rhizome fly, Mimegralla sp. (Diptera: Micropezidae) is a major pest on Zingiberaceae plants. Some of those fly species have been reported attacking some of Zingiberaceae plants, but in Indonesia, only one species, Mimegralla coeruleifrons has been reported as being a pest. Since Indonesia has many species of Zingiberaceae plants, it may raise a prediction that more than one species of Mimegralla was found on this plants. Therefore, a taxonomic research on the species of rhizome flies to find the species other than M. coerulifrons on Zingiberaceae plants is urgently required. This study was conducted by using hand-picking method on Mimegralla adult inhabiting Zingiberaceae plants (ginger, turmeric, javanese ginger, and aromatic ginger), and was then identified by using morphological characters and through molecular technique by using mtCO1 gene. The results showed thatM. albimana and M. coeruleifrons found at four zingiberaceae plants were the member of Mimegralla. As a conclusion, these two species have high values of phylogenic relationship (88%) and bootstrap (92).INTISARILalat rimpang (Mimegralla spp.) adalah hama utama pada beberapa tanaman anggota Family Zingiberaceae. Beberapa spesies lalat rimpang dilaporkan menyerang tanaman Zingiberaceae, di antaranya jahe, kunyit, temulawak, dan kencur. Di Indonesia hanya satu spesies yang pernah dilaporkan menyerang tanaman jahe yaituMimegralla coeruleifrons.Sementara itu, jenis tanaman Zingiberaceae yang ditanam di Indonesia sangat beragam, sehingga muncul dugaan bahwa Mimegralla yang menyerang tanaman Zingiberaceae di Indonesia tidak hanyaM. coeruleifrons saja. Oleh karena itu, penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi spesies-spesies lalat rimpang yang menyerang tanaman Zingiberaceae di Indonesia perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode pemungutan/penangkapan (hand-picking) imago Mimegralla pada tanaman keempat tanaman Zingiberaceae. Imago yang diperoleh diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler menggunakan genmtCO1. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa M. albimana dan M. coeruleifrons yang ditemukan pada pertanaman Zingiberaceae merupakan satu genus yang sama yaitu Mimegralla. Hasil identifikasi molekuler menunjukkan bahwa kedua lalat rimpang tersebut mempunyai derajat kekerabatan dengan nilai homologi sebesar 88%, dan nilaibootstrap pada pohon filogeni sebesar 92. 
Survei Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) yang Menginfeksi Anggrek Alam Tropis di Indonesia Mahfut Mahfut; Budi Setiadi Daryono; Tri Joko; Susamto Somowiyarjo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.16617

Abstract

Natural orchids are one of the important ornamental plants that were cultivated in tropical countries, including Indonesia. Virus infections has been important limiting factor in orchids cultivation because it decreases the orchids quality. Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) is one of the most reported virus infecting orchids which spread widely in the world. During 2010–2014 surveys of viral infections were conducted in Indonesia. The orchids were found infected by virus, showed symptoms of mosaic, mottle, chlorotic, necrotic, streak, wilting leaf, and ringspot on leaf surface. Detection with serological test DAS-ELISA showed only 11 from 125 samples were infected by ORSV with total incidence of 8,8%. Nine leaf samples of Phalaenopsis sp. were infected, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that Phalaenopsis is orchids genus which is the most abundantly and susceptibly infected by ORSV. The results proved that ORSV have entered and spread widely by infected orchids in orchids landscape (nursery), semi-natural forests (botanical gardens), and natural forest (national park) throughout Indonesia. This is the first report of ORSV infecting natural tropical orchids in Indonesia. INTISARI Anggrek alam merupakan salah satu kekayaan flora asli negara tropis, termasuk Indonesia. Keberadaan di habitat aslinya sudah sangat berkurang yang disebabkan kerusakan hutan dan adanya penyakit. Infeksi virus masih menjadi faktor pembatas terpenting dalam budidaya dan pengembangan potensi anggrek alam. Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) adalah salah satu jenis virus yang dilaporkan paling banyak menginfeksi anggrek serta memiliki penyebaran yang luas di dunia. Selama 2010-2014 telah dilakukan survei lapangan terhadap infeksi virus di Indonesia. Beberapa anggrek yang ditemukan terinfeksi oleh virus menunjukkan gejala berupa mosaik, belang, klorosis, nekrosis, streak, daun layu, dan bercak cincin pada permukaan daun. Deteksi dengan uji serologis DAS-ELISA menunjukkan bahwa 11 dari 125 sampel terinfeksi oleh ORSV dengan total kejadian 8,8%. Masing-masing sembilan dari total sampel daun terinfeksi merupakan Phalaenopsis sp. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa Phalaenopsis adalah genus anggrek yang paling cocok dan rentan terhadap infeksi ORSV. Hasil penelitian survei kejadian infeksi Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) membuktikan bahwa virus ini telah masuk dan menyebar secara luas oleh anggrek-anggrek alam tropis yang terinfeksi di pertamanan anggrek (nurseri), hutan semi-alami (kebun raya), dan hutan alam (taman nasional) di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Ini merupakan laporan pertama mengenai infeksi ORSV terhadap anggrek-anggrek alam tropis di Indonesia.

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