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BERITA BIOLOGI

berita_biologi
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

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Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Articles 8 Documents

Search results for , issue " Vol 6, No 6 (2003)" : 8 Documents clear

ANOMALI IKLIM, EVALUASI MASA TANAM, TINGKAT KEHILANGAN HASIL DAN PENGATURAN SISTEM PRODUKSI PERTANIAN DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR Surmaini, Elza; lrianto, Gatot
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Water availability generally enhanced accumulation crop productivity in short time caused yield accumulation in that period. El-Nino, a climate phenomenon that increased of intensity and frequency lately caused planting period determination is being more important in minimizing agriculture risk like El-Nino. El-Nino impact on season displacement and rainfall drop were carried out with weighted regression between anomaly of rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST). Then, the information use to quantify rainfall fluctuation in relation with SST. Rainfall forecasting for next 3-6 month used in evaluation of planting period and then recommend some scenario with different level yield loss.Result showed that rainfall in north-side of East Kalimantan not affected by SST, but in south-side the correlation was significant. Especially El-Nino 1997 has forwarded dry season and delaied wet season.Analysis of planting period on dry season showed that paddy, corn, and tomato had high yield loss caused by water stress.Cropping pattern and planting period modification were required to suppress the yield loss. One alternative was by implementing runoff and rainfall harvesting to avoid yield accumulation only in wet season. Conventional cropping pattern that rely on rainfall should be managed in to whole area, so that quantity and continuity of yield may be able to be optimized.

BEBERAPA JENIS ROTAN DI GUNUNG CAKRABUANA, SUMEDANG, JAWA BARAT Witono, Joko R; Daradjat, Tatang; Sujahman, Samsu
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Mount Cakrabuana in West Java possesses high plant diversity. Administratively, it is belong to Sumedang, Tasikmalaya, Garut,Majalengka, and Ciamis Regencies, The largest area is Sumedang (1.284,62 ha). There are 3 species of rattans found in the mountain Plectocomia elongate Mart, ex Bl., Calamus heteroideus Bl., and C. javensis Bl. Description, habitat, and the usage of the rattans is discussed.

IMPACTS OF DRY SEASON AND FOREST FIRE 1997-1998 EPISODES ON MIXED DIPTEROCARP FOREST AT BUKIT BANGKIRAI, EAST KALIMANTAN [Pengaruh Musim Kering dan Kebakaran Hutan Episode 1997-1998 Terhadap Hutan Dipterocarp Campuran di Bukit Bangkirai, Kalimantan Timur] Simbolon, Herwint; Siregar, Mustaid; Wakiyama, Seiji; Sukigara, Naozumi; Abe, Yasuhisa; Shimizu, Hideyuki
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Kawasan Kalimantan Timur mengalami musim kemarau panjang yang merangsang terjadinya kebakaran hutan yang luas pada 1982-1983 dan 1997-1998.Naskah ini mengemukakan hasil penelitian di Bukit Bangkirai, Kalimantan Tengah mengenai dampak dari kemarau panjang dan kebakaran hutan 1997-1998 terhadap diversitas tumbuhan pohon hutan dipterokarp campuran.Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara memperbandinkan hasil pencacahan tumbuhan pohon berlingkar batang setinggi dada lebih daripada 15cm yang terdapat dalam tiga petak penelitian, masing-masing: lha di hutan alam yang tidak terbakar (K-plot), 0,3 ha di hutan yang terbakar ringan (LD) dan lha di hutan yang terbakar berat (HD).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa musim kemarau panjang 1997-1998 menyebabkan 12,02% mortalitas individual pohon di hutan alam yang tidak terbakar, yang terlihat dari pohon mati berdiri tegak akibat kekeringan, atau kehilangan 21,67% dari total basal area. Secara keseluruhan terlihat bahwa kebakaran hutan menyebabkan kerusakan berat terhadap struktur dan komposisi hutan. Secara kumulatif, kemarau panjang dan kebakaran hutan menyebabkan mortalitas individual pohon berkisar 36-70% dan kehilangan total basal area antara 45-85% dan menyebabkan lantai hutan terbuka terhadap penyinaran matahari langsung karena menurunnya penutupan tajuk sebesar 23-79%.Kebakaran hutan juga berdampak terhadap penurunan biodiversitas tumbuhan pohon sebesar 23-79% pada tingkat jenis, 53-66% pada tingkat marga dan 18-21% pada tingkat suku.Tercatat perubahan komposisi jenis pada hutan yang terbakar; dominasi jenis Dipterocarpaceae dipetak hutan tak terbakar (K) menjadi dominasi pionir sekunder Macaranga gigantea-Vernonia arborea di petak terbakar berat (HD) dan dominasi Macaranga gigantea-Shorea smilhiana di petak terbakar ringan (LD).Beberapa jenis seperti Durio acutifolius dan Syzygium incarnaium mungkin dapat digolongkan sebagai jenis yang relative lebih tahan terhadap api.

SEBUAH TINJAUAN TENTANG PARASIT TALI PUTRI (Cuscuta spp.) DAN PENGENDALIANNYA Sunaryo, Sunaryo
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Cuscuta species are parasitic seed plants with twining stems, that coil and fasten to host plants with attachments called haustoria.The Cuscuta stem forms the haustorial coil around the host.Several species of Cuscuta are troublesome parasites on numerous dicotyledonous plants and make eradication and control most difficult. Overall control of Cuscuta is based on mechanical, cultural,chemical and biological methods. Resistant varieties of susceptible crops and biological control are presently of limited importance.Chlorpropham, DCPA, Dichlobenil, and CDEC are soil-applied herbicides that have been used to control Cuscuta in various crops for many years. Nevertheless, integrated control of Cuscula is still considered to be more important.

INTERAKSI ANTARA Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium sp. DAN Pseudomonas sp. SERTA KAPASITAS ANTAGONISMENYA TERHADAP Phytophthora capsicilN VITRO Suharna, Nandang
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A preliminary study has been done to know antagonism capacities of three isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, two isolates of Penicillium sp.and one isolate of Pseudomonas sp.against Phytophthora capsici in vitro and interaction among those six antagonists.The highest antagonism capacity possessed by Penicillium sp. KN1, respectively followed by Penicillium sp.KN2,Pseudomonas sp. GH1 and the three T. harzianum isolates. Except for those three T. harzianum isolates, the two Penicillium sp.isolates and Pseudomonas sp. GH1 isolate indicated anti fungal activity against this fungal pathogen.Based on microscopic observation, there was no mycoparasitism within three T.harzianum isolates against Ph. capsici.While interaction occurred among antagonist showed that Pseudomonas sp.GH1 was antagonistic against the other five antagonists.Growth inhibition by Penicillium sp. KN2 showed against this plant pathogen.Beside the need of further study in green house and field, this result appears the need of study to clarify and identify of the chemical subtance of anti fungal possessed by Penicillium sp. KN1 dan Penicillium sp. KN2.The result showed that the six microbes most potential for biological control agents against Ph. capsici.

PEMANFAATAN KEANEKARAGAMAN SUMBERDAYA TUMBUHAN OLEH MASYARAKAT BADUY-DALAM DI SEKITAR GUNUNG KENDENG SELATAN, KABUPATEN LEBAK, BANTEN BAGIAN SELATAN Wardah, Wardah
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Kendeng mountain, where "Baduy-Dalam" community lives is a native reserve area.Observation around "leuweung kolot","leuweung ngora", and "leuweung lembur" near the community area shows how the Baduy-Dalam community controls the sustainability of their forests.These forests are almost untouchable.Information on the biodiversity of plant species in the areas have not known yet.A study on the knowledge of Baduy-Dalam community and utilization of plant resources in Cikeusik,Cikertawana, and Cibeo villages was conducted.The results shows that the Baduy-Dalam tribe had a close relationship with their surroundings; it is seen from their knowledge in managing the environment in order to survive and continuing their living.Among 163 plant species recorded, 81 species are as potential food plants (the largest group), 38 species of medicinal plants, 17 species of building materials, 8 species for ritual, 17 species for fire wood, 4 species handycraf, 3 species economically potential, and 1 species for drinking. There are two species is considered as endangered species namely Arcangelisia Jlava and Alstonia scholaris.

POTENSI RUMPUT-RUMPUTAN UNTUK FITOREMEDIASI LAHAN TERDEGRADASI PENAMBANGAN EMAS Syarif, Fauzia; Juhaeti, Titi
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Phytoremediation is defined as a clean up of pollutants primarily mediated by pliotosynthetic plants so its could be used as an alternative technique to overcome contaminated soil and water such an mining ecosystems. These plants have several beneficial characteristics; they have ability to accumulate metals in their shoots and especially high tolerance to heavy metals.Since Indonesia has abundant plant diversity, it is believed that some of them are potential to be used as phytoremediator.This research was carried out to study the potential of three species of grasses in accumulating Pb and Cn. The treatments were arranged on Randomized Complete Block Design (factorial design). The first treatment are species of grass: 1) Cynodon dactylon Pers., 2)Cyperus sp. and 3) Ischaemum timorense Kith.; the second treatment is planting media i.e. 1) tailing soil, 2) soil from wildmining (mining activities run by unexpected miners) and 3) top soil and the third is organic fertilizer: 1) manure, 2) compost and 3) no fertilizer.The resultsshowed that all of the three grasses are potential to accumulate Pb and Cn. Organic fertilizer mixed on planting media is significantly affected the growth of grasses and increasing the accumulation of Cn on leaf of Cyperus sp. and I.timorense. While no evidence in increasing Pb accumulation on all of those three grasses species

PENELITIAN EKOLOGI JENIS POHON DI KAWASAN HUTAN BULUNGAN, KABUPATEN BULUNGAN - KALIMANTAN TIMUR Yusuf, Razali
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 6 (2003)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v6i6.1205

Studied on species ecology was carried out especiaslly with composition and vegetation structure in mixed dipterocarp forest,Bulungan-East Kalimantan Province.Two sampling plots were set up in 2 selected sites.All trees (dbh>10cm) within each plot were measured, and their height was respectively estimated.The result showed that totally species number from 825 trees at 2 plots recorded 240 species, 127 genera dan 42 families and 33 species among them from family Dipterocarpaceae.That were 22 species meranti (Shorea spp.J, 4 species for kruing {Dipterocarpus caudiferus, D. stellatus, D. humeratus, D. hominophyllum), and some from genus Vatica (Vatica vinosa, V. rasak, V. sarawakensis), Hopea bullatifolia, Dryobalanops lanceolata and Parashorea parvifolia. Dipterocarpaceae,Euphorbiaceae and Myristicaceae were some families with have the most species number and some species were dominance representated the family that were Dipterocarpus caudiferus, Dryobalanops lanceolata,Coccoceras borneensis and Knema latifolia.

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